Functionalization of p-activated alcohols by trapping carbocations in pure water under smooth conditions

Acetic acid as catalyst in pure water was found to be an excellent reaction medium for the direct dehydrative functionalization of p-activated alcohols using a wide variety of interesting C-, P-, and S-centered nucleophiles, such as indoles, pyrrole, anilines, 1, 3-dicarbonyl compounds, diphenyl phosphite and pyridine-2-thiol. The smooth reaction conditions, along with high yields, short reaction times, clean reaction crudes, an easy product isolation procedure, plus the reusability of the catalyst and the use of no excess of nucleophiles, make this approach an atom economical, green and appealing method to efficiently trap carbocations in pure water, leading to new Csp3 X bonds (X = Csp2, Csp3, P and S)

Magnetic Fields to Enhance Tuned Liquid Damper Performance for Vibration Control: A Review

Tuned Liquid Dampers (TLDs) are dissipative devices whose distinguished features like low cost in installation and maintenance or their multidirectional and multifrequency application to new and already existing structures make them an attractive damping option. Their working principle is similar to that of a Tuned Mass Damper but in this case the relative movement comes from a fluid that provides with mass, damping and stiffness. Moreover, TLDs can mitigate both horizontal and vertical vibrations. All these make TLDs worth deeply studying. TLD utilization in civil vibration control arose in the 1980s. From early years, different improvements have been implemented to achieve a better performance. Some of these modifications include passive variations in the geometry or the fluid. The use of smart materials applied on TLDs has also been of great interest since the 1990s and comprehends different configurations in which magnetic fields are used to passively or semi-actively improve the TLD performance. A lack of review is detected in this field. For this reason, a state-of-the-art review is presented in this paper. Its aim is to help researchers find a thorough, up-to-date classification of the different possibilities, configurations, numerical evaluation, materials used and also found limitations and future development in the application of magnetic fields on TLDs

Static Model of Cement Rotary Kiln

En este trabajo, se presenta un modelo estático de un horno rotatorio de cemento. El modelo del sistema se obtiene a través de series de polinomio. El modelo propuesto se verifica con datos reales de la planta, donde se obtuvieron resultados óptimos. Los resultados esperados son medidos con respecto a la producción de Clinker. El consumo de combustible se mide en relación con el consumo calorífico. Los resultados esperados del enfoque es el incremento de los beneficios de la empresa a través de la reducción en el consumo de combustible.In this paper, a static model of cement rotary kilns is proposed. The system model is obtained through polynomial series. The proposed model is contrasted with data of a real plant, where optimal results are obtained. Expected results are measured with respect to the clinker production and the combustible consumption is measured in relation with the consumption calorific. The expected result of the approach is the increase of the profitability of the factory through the decrease of the consumption of the combustible

Influencia del deterioro incipiente producido por el hongo de pudrición parda Serpula lacrymans, sobre las propiedades mecánicas de compresión normal y paralela a la fibra en madera de Pinus radiata D. Don

Several buildings and structures of wood are attacked by rot fungi, leading in some cases, slight weight losses that result in reductions in the strength properties of the material. In this work was evaluated the influence of early rot decay in wood, in mechanical properties of normal and parallel compression. For this, were inoculated samples of Pinus radiata D. Don with brown rot fungi Serpula Lacrymans. These samples were tested in three differents periods of fungal exposure. The results identified a significant decrease in percentage of the properties under study.Diversas edificaciones y estructuras construidas en madera son atacadas por hongos de pudrición, provocando en algunos casos, leves pérdidas de peso que se traducen en disminución en las propiedades resistentes del material. En este trabajo se evaluó la influencia de estados incipientes de pudrición en madera, en las propiedades mecánicas de compresión paralela y compresión normal. Para esto, se inocularon probetas de Pinus radiata D. Don. con el hongo de pudrición parda Serpula lacrymans, las cuales fueron posteriormente ensayadas mecánicamente en tres diferentes períodos de exposición fúngica. Los resultados obtenidos determinaron una importante disminución porcentual de las propiedades bajo estudio

Relationship between Determinants of Health, Equity, and Dimensions of Health Literacy in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease

Background: Health literacy (HL) has been linked to empowerment, use of health services, and equity. Evaluating HL in people with cardiovascular health problems would facilitate the development of suitable health strategies care and reduce inequity. Aim: To investigate the relationship between different dimensions that make up HL and social determinants in patients with cardiovascular disease. Methods: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study in patients with cardiovascular disease, aged 50-85 years, accessing primary care services in Valencia (Spain) in 2018-2019. The Health Literacy Questionnaire was used. Results: 252 patients. Age was significantly related with the ability to participate with healthcare providers (p = 0.043), ability to find information (p = 0.022), and understanding information correctly to know what to do (p = 0.046). Level of education was significant for all HL dimensions. Patients without studies scored lower in all dimensions. The low- versus middle-class social relationship showed significant results in all dimensions. Conclusions: In patients with cardiovascular disease, level of education and social class were social determinants associated with HL scores. Whilst interventions at individual level might address some HL deficits, inequities in access to cardiovascular care and health outcomes would remain unjustly balanced unless structural determinants of HL are taken into account

Study of scintillation in natural and synthetic quartz and methacrylate

Samples from different materials typically used as optical windows or light guides in scintillation detectors were studied in a very low background environment, at the Canfranc Underground Laboratory, searching for scintillation. A positive result can be confirmed for natural quartz: two distinct scintillation components have been identified, not being excited by an external gamma source. Although similar effect has not been observed neither for synthetic quartz nor for methacrylate, a fast light emission excited by intense gamma flux is evidenced for all the samples in our measurements. These results could affect the use of these materials in low energy applications of scintillation detectors requiring low radioactive background conditions, as they entail a source of background.Comment: Accepted for publication in Optical Material

vylnoviolencia.uv.es: trabajo fin de máster en TIC aplicado a una experiencia ApS en Humanidades Digitales

En el camino hacia una sociedad tolerante e igualitaria, en la que se respeten los derechos y libertades fundamentales y de igualdad entre hombres y mujeres, resulta esencial una implicación efectiva de la comunidad universitaria, en su conjunto, en la reflexión crítica y en el desarrollo de acciones concretas. Alineado con este reto, «Voces y letras contra la violencia: imaginarios literarios y creación en videoarte» es un proyecto de innovación docente que apuesta por la aplicación de la metodología aprendizaje-servicio al ámbito de las Humanidades Digitales para afianzar el compromiso ético del alumnado con el respeto, la no violencia, la igualdad y la solidaridad como principios fundamentales en la convivencia. Este artículo describe los resultados obtenidos por el trabajo fin de máster bajo el cual se ha desarrollado la plataforma digital distribuida que relaciona videoarte y literatura en el proyecto.With the aim of achieving a tolerant and egalitarian society, which respects basic human rights and especially the right of equality between men and women, is essential an effective involvement of the university community, as a whole, in critical reflection and by developing specific actions. Aligned with this challenge, a teaching innovation project, named «Voces y letras contra la violencia: imaginarios literarios y creación en videoarte», is committed to the application of service-learning methodology in Digital Humanities to strengthen the students commitment to respect, nonviolence, equality and solidarity as fundamental principles in coexistence. This paper describes the results of a master’s thesis under which a distributed digital platform has been developed to link video art and literature related to the project

Design Robust Controller for Rotary Kiln

En este artículo se presenta el diseño de un controlador robusto para un horno rotativo. El controlador diseñado es una combinación de un PID fraccionario y un regulador cuadrático lineal (LQR por su sigla en inglés, Linear Quadratic Regulator), los cuales no se han usado, hasta ahora, para controlar un horno rotatorio, además se evalúan los criterios de robustez (margen de ganancia, margen de fase, robustez de ganancia, sensibilidad y rechazo de ruido de alta frecuencia) aplicados al modelo completo (controlador-planta), obteniendo óptimos resultados en un rango de frecuencia de 0.020 a 90 rad/s, lo cual contribuye con la robustez del sistema.This paper presents the design of a robust controller for a rotary kiln. The designed controller is a combination of a fractional PID and linear quadratic regulator (LQR), these are not used to control the kiln until now, in addition robustness criteria are evaluated (gain margin, phase margin, strength gain, rejecting high frequency noise and sensitivity) applied to the entire model (controller-plant), obtaining good results with a frequency range of 0.020 to 90 rad/s, which contributes to the robustness of the system

Changes in pools of organic matter and major elements in the soil following prescribed pastoral burning in the central Pyrenees

High-mountain soils are rich in partially decomposed organic matter, which is highly sensitive to mineralization and fire. Prescribed burning is performed in the Pyrenees to keep subalpine grasslands open for grazing. The compositions of the ash, litter and duff layers, and the particulate organic matter (POM) of the topsoil in the 0–1, 1–2, 2–3, and 3–5 cm depths were analyzed in relation to the nutrient availability after the prescribed burning of a stand encroached by erizón (Echinospartum horridum). The concentrations of C, N, P, and S and organic components (nonstructural, hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin-type) were determined before the prescribed burn and 0, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after the prescribed burn. The fire consumed the aboveground biomass, the litter and part of the duff layer, and the most thermostable (i.e., lignin-type) components and the least volatile elements (P, S) were selectively preserved in the resulting ash. Prescribed burning caused significant losses of organic-C and N only in the 0–1 cm depth (–72% and –68%, respectively). The organic-C loss was mostly (82%) from the POM, whereas the N loss was from more similar proportions of the POM (57%) and the nonparticulate organic matter (NPOM) (43%). However, few changes were observed in the composition of the organic matter, which pointed to a largely uneven combustion that resulted in a substantial part of the organic matter remaining largely untouched by the fire. After 6 months, the duff layer was depleted in hemicellulose by 32% compared to immediately after the burn, and fragmentation of the POM into the NPOM was observed. During the second spring, N- and P-rich charred POM were incorporated into the top 1 cm, while C-rich charcoal particles underwent fragmentation and vertical transport into the deeper soil. The preburn ecosytem was limited by P, and likely also by S. The plant available N showed transient increases of 1.5–2.1 times the immediate postburn levels for nitrate-N at 12 months after burning, and of up to 10–20 times for ammonium-N at 18 months. In contrast, the concentrations of plant-available P and S gradually declined to 1.8–3.3 and 1.8–4.0 times, respectively, lower at 24 months after the burn. Results indicated that fire-induced increases in the nutrient availability can be short-lived in high-mountain habitats, but steadier and likely more persistent nutrient inputs can derive from the gradual breakdown of charred organic matter. © 2021 Elsevier B.V