Prognostic impact of lipid profile in adult Egyptian acute leukemia patients

Introduction: Acute leukemia is a malignant disorder which results from clonal proliferation of lymphoid and myeloid blast cells. Several studies have reported changes in lipid metabolism at the time of diagnosis of leukemia. Although investigators have reported decreased total cholesterol, decreased high-density lipoprotein, and elevated triglyceride (TG) in leukemic patients, there is a lack of agreement about these changes among different types of leukemia and between children and adult patients, in addition to different data about their impacts on prognosis. In this study, lipid profile has been examined at the time of diagnosis of acute leukemia in order to correlate it with response to therapy. Material and methods: This is a prospective study carried out at the Oncology Center at Mansoura University, Egypt between 2018 and 2019. Fifty patients newly diagnosed with de novo acute leukemia were included. Thirty-four patients were diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (68%), while 16 patients were diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (32%). Lipid profile and body mass index (BMI) data was obtained. Results: Overweight/obese patients showed a more statistically significant association with female patients than with male patients (p = 0.009). By comparing the lipid profile between overweight/obese patients and other patients, there was no statistically significant association. 76.7% of AML patients were overweight or obese (p = 0.015), and 81.3% of ALL patients showed hypertriglyceridemia (p = 0.014). There was no statistically significant association between lipid profile and complete response (CR) rate; however, there was a marginally significant association between non-CR rate and overweight and obese patients (p = 0.051). In addition, there was no impact of BMI or lipid profile on overall survival among acute leukemia patients. Conclusions: Female, and acute myeloid leukemia, patients were more commonly associated with overweight and obesity, and high TG level was found to be associated with acute lymphoid leukemia. Changes in lipid profile showed no impact on complete response rate or on overall survival in acute leukemia patients

A measurement of proton-carbon forward scattering in a proof-of-principle test of the EMPHATIC spectrometer

The next generation of long-baseline neutrino experiments will be capable of precision measurements of neutrino oscillation parameters, precision neutrino-nucleus scattering, and unprecedented sensitivity to physics beyond the Standard Model. Reduced uncertainties in neutrino fluxes are necessary to achieve high precision and sensitivity in these future precise neutrino measurements. New measurements of hadron-nucleus interaction cross sections are needed to reduce uncertainties of neutrino fluxes. We report measurements of the differential cross-section as a function of scattering angle for proton-carbon interactions with a single charged particle in the final state at beam momenta of 20, 30, and 120 GeV/c. These measurements are the result of a beam test for EMPHATIC, a hadron-scattering and hadron-production experiment. The total, elastic and inelastic cross-sections are also extracted from the data and compared to previous measurements. These results can be used in current and future long-baseline neutrino experiments, and demonstrate the feasibility of future measurements by an upgraded EMPHATIC spectrometer

Measurement of neutrino and antineutrino neutral-current quasielasticlike interactions on oxygen by detecting nuclear deexcitation γ rays

Neutrino- and antineutrino-oxygen neutral-current quasielastic-like interactions are measured at Super-Kamiokande using nuclear de-excitation $\gamma$-rays to identify signal-like interactions in data from a $14.94 \ (16.35)\times 10^{20}$protons-on-target exposure of the T2K neutrino (antineutrino) beam. The measured flux-averaged cross sections on oxygen nuclei are$\langle \sigma_{\nu {\rm -NCQE}} \rangle = 1.70 \pm 0.17 ({\rm stat.}) ^{+ {\rm 0.51}}_{- {\rm 0.38}} ({\rm syst.}) \times 10^{-38} \ {\rm cm^2/oxygen}$with a flux-averaged energy of 0.82 GeV and$\langle \sigma_{\bar{\nu} {\rm -NCQE}} \rangle = 0.98 \pm 0.16 ({\rm stat.}) ^{+ {\rm 0.26}}_{- {\rm 0.19}} ({\rm syst.}) \times 10^{-38} \ {\rm cm^2/oxygen}$ with a flux-averaged energy of 0.68 GeV, for neutrinos and antineutrinos, respectively. These results are the most precise to date, and the antineutrino result is the first cross section measurement of this channel. They are compared with various theoretical predictions. The impact on evaluation of backgrounds to searches for supernova relic neutrinos at present and future water Cherenkov detectors is also discussed

Search for electron antineutrino appearance in a long-baseline muon antineutrino beam

Electron antineutrino appearance is measured by the T2K experiment in an accelerator-produced antineutrino beam, using additional neutrino beam operation to constrain parameters of the Pontecorvo-Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata (PMNS) mixing matrix. T2K observes 15 candidate electron antineutrino events with a background expectation of 9.3 events. Including information from the kinematic distribution of observed events, the hypothesis of no electron antineutrino appearance is disfavored with a significance of 2.40σ and no discrepancy between data and PMNS predictions is found. A complementary analysis that introduces an additional free parameter which allows non-PMNS values of electron neutrino and antineutrino appearance also finds no discrepancy between data and PMNS predictions

Measurement of the muon neutrino charged-current cross sections on water, hydrocarbon and iron, and their ratios, with the T2K on-axis detectors

We report a measurement of the flux-integrated νμ charged-current cross sections on water, hydrocarbon, and iron in the T2K on-axis neutrino beam with a mean neutrino energy of 1.5 GeV. The measured cross sections on water, hydrocarbon, and iron are σH2OCC=(0.840±0.010(stat.)+0.10−0.08(syst.))×10−38cm2/nucleon, σCHCC=(0.817±0.007(stat.)+0.11−0.08(syst.))×10−38cm2/nucleon, and σFeCC=(0.859±0.003(stat.)+0.12−0.10(syst.))×10−38cm2/nucleon, respectively, for a restricted phase space of induced muons: θμ0.4 GeV/c in the laboratory frame. The measured cross section ratios are σH2OCC/σCHCC=1.028±0.016(stat.)±0.053(syst.)⁠, σFeCC/σH2OCC=1.023±0.012(stat.)±0.058(syst.)⁠, and σFeCC/σCHCC=1.049±0.010(stat.)±0.043(syst.)⁠. These results, with an unprecedented precision for the measurements of neutrino cross sections on water in the studied energy region, show good agreement with the current neutrino interaction models used in the T2K oscillation analyses

Search for light sterile neutrinos with the T2K far detector Super-Kamiokande at a baseline of 295 km

We perform a search for light sterile neutrinos using the data from the T2K far detector at a baseline of 295 km, with an exposure of 14.7ð7.6Þ × 1020 protons on target in neutrino (antineutrino) mode. A selection of neutral-current interaction samples is also used to enhance the sensitivity to sterile mixing. No evidence of sterile neutrino mixing in the 3 þ 1 model was found from a simultaneous fit to the charged-current muon, electron and neutral-current neutrino samples. We set the most stringent limit on the sterile oscillation amplitude sin2 θ24 for the sterile neutrino mass splitting Δm241 < 3 × 10−3 eV2=c4

Search for CP Violation in Neutrino and Antineutrino Oscillations by the T2K Experiment with 2.2 x 10(21) Protons on Target

The T2K experiment measures muon neutrino disappearance and electron neutrino appearance in accelerator-produced neutrino and antineutrino beams. With an exposure of $14.7(7.6)\times 10^{20}$ protons on target in neutrino (antineutrino) mode, 89 $\nu_e$ candidates and 7 anti-$\nu_e$ candidates were observed while 67.5 and 9.0 are expected for $\delta_{CP}=0$ and normal mass ordering. The obtained $2\sigma$ confidence interval for the $CP$ violating phase, $\delta_{CP}$, does not include the $CP$-conserving cases ($\delta_{CP}=0,\pi$). The best-fit values of other parameters are $\sin^2\theta_{23} = 0.526^{+0.032}_{-0.036}$ and $\Delta m^2_{32}=2.463^{+0.071}_{-0.070}\times10^{-3} \mathrm{eV}^2/c^4$.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figure

Search for neutral-current induced single photon production at the ND280 near detector in T2K

Neutrino neutral-current (NC) induced single photon production is a sub-leading order process for accelerator-based neutrino beam experiments including T2K. It is, however, an important process to understand because it is a background for electron (anti)neutrino appearance oscillation experiments. Here, we performed the first search of this process below 1 GeV using the fine-grained detector at the T2K ND280 off-axis near detector. By reconstructing single photon kinematics from electron-positron pairs, we achieved 95% pure gamma ray sample from 5.738 x 10(20) protons-on-targets neutrino mode data. We do not find positive evidence of NC induced single photon production in this sample. We set the model-dependent upper limit on the cross-section for this process, at 0.114 x 10(-38) cm(2) (90% C.L.) per nucleon, using the J-PARC off-axis neutrino beam with an average energy of similar to 0.6 GeV. This is the first limit on this process below 1 GeV which is important for current and future oscillation experiments looking for electron neutrino appearance oscillation signals