Puromycin Sensitivity of Ribosomal Label after Incorporation of 14C-Labelled Amino Acids into Isolated Mitochondria from Neurospora crassa

Radioactive amino acids were incorporated into isolated mitochondria from Neurospora crassa. Then the mitochondrial ribosomes were isolated and submitted to density gradient centrifugation. A preferential labelling of polysomes was observed. However, when the mitochondrial suspension was treated with puromycin after amino acid incorporation, no radioactivity could be detected in either the monosomes or the polysomes. The conclusion is drawn that isolated mitochondria under these conditions do not incorporate significant amounts of amino acids into proteins of their ribosomes

Food away from home: predicting frequency and changing selections

Since the 1970s, the rates of overweight and obesity have increased among all age groups in the US. The greatest increase has been in young adults, including college aged students, placing them at risk for early onset chronic diseases and shortened lifespans. One potential cause of the increased rates of obesity is the rise in consumption of away from home foods, which are often high in calories, saturated fat, and added sugar. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans encourage people to eat more meals at home and to choose lower calorie meals and snacks while dining out. Two sources of away from home meals that often sell high calorie meals and snacks are fast food restaurants and vending machines. College students frequently consume foods from both. Research suggests that the affordability or financial access of fast food meals and the availability of fast food restaurants are two factors that promote the consumption of fast food meals. However, it is not known what predicts fast food consumption among college students who can access fast food meals with their meal plans. Research also suggests that providing nutrition information at fast food restaurants can lead to a reduction in the average number of calories purchased there, but it is not known if providing nutrition information at vending machines will lead to a reduction in calories purchased by college students. The purpose of this dissertation research was to identify factors associated with fast food consumption among college students and to test whether a particular strategy (i.e., providing nutrition information at the vending site) could change purchasing behavior among college students. The first study tested whether days on campus, financial access, and health consciousness were associated with the number of meals that college students obtained from fast food restaurants. In April 2013, a sample of 1246 students who were currently enrolled in a UNCG meal plan completed an online survey in which they accounted for where they obtained their past week's meals. There was a positive association between financial access as measured by the amount of flex dollars on a student's purchased meal plan and the number of meals they obtained from fast food meals restaurants in the past week. There was a negative association between a student's level of health consciousness (i.e., monitoring calorie and fat intake and using nutrition labels) and the number of meals obtained from fast food restaurants in the past week. Specifically, a one-unit increase in level of health consciousness was associated with a 23% decrease in number of fast food meals. Exposure to fast food restaurants, as measured by the number of days spent on campus in the last week, was not associated with the number of meals obtained from fast food restaurants. The second study tested the effect of a multi-component nutrition information labeling intervention at the vending site. In the fall of 2012, 18 UNCG residence halls (1 machine per hall) were randomly assigned to either a treatment or control condition. In the treatment condition, nutrition information was provided next to the vending machines, five snacks were identified on the sign as "Better Choice" items (i.e., relatively lower in saturated fat, sugar and calories compared to the other items in the machine) and a promotional email was sent to students living in those residence halls (n = 9 vending machines). In the control condition information was not provided at the vending machine and no email was sent to students living in those residence halls (n = 9 vending machines). Sales data were collected for 4 weeks before and 4 weeks during the intervention for each of the machines. At the end of the 8 weeks, the average number of calories and the proportion of Better Choice snacks sold per and post intervention was compared. No difference in either outcome was found. The dissertation concludes with a discussion of strengths and limitations of both studies, and suggestions for next steps for programming and research

Core damage frequency (reactor design) perspectives based on IPE results

This paper provides perspectives gained from reviewing 75 Individual Plant Examination (IPE) submittals covering 108 nuclear power plant units. Variability both within and among reactor types is examined to provide perspectives regarding plant-specific design and operational features, and C, modeling assumptions that play a significant role in the estimates of core damage frequencies in the IPEs. Human actions found to be important in boiling water reactors (BWRs) and in pressurized water reactors (PWRs) are presented and the events most frequently found important are discussed

Complete Genome Sequences of Paenibacillus Larvae Phages BN12, Dragolir, Kiel007, Leyra, Likha, Pagassa, PBL1c, and Tadhana

We present here the complete genomes of eight phages that infect Paenibacillus larvae, the causative agent of American foulbrood in honeybees. Phage PBL1c was originally isolated in 1984 from a P. larvae lysogen, while the remaining phages were isolated in 2014 from bee debris, honeycomb, and lysogens from three states in the USA

Core damage frequency perspectives based on IPE results

In November 1988, the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) issued Generic Letter 88-20 requesting that all licensees perform an individual Plant Examination (IPE) to identify any plant-specific vulnerability to severe accidents and report the results to the Commission. This paper provides perspectives gained from reviewing 75 Individual Plant Examination (IPE) submittals covering 108 nuclear power plant units. Variability both within and among reactor types is examined to provide perspectives regarding plant-specific design and operational features, and modeling assumptions that play a significant role in the estimates of core damage frequencies in the IPEs

Reconstruction of the lower lip

A method for reconstruction of the lower lip following larger subtotal excision is described. The method is based on the principle introduced by Stein and modified by Estlander, Abbe, Kazanjian, and Converse, and seems to be especially valid in cases of older patients with redundant upper lip tissue. One case is presented.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/46677/1/238_2004_Article_BF00295866.pd

Sustainable drainage systems: Helping people live with water

Sustainable drainage systems or ‘Suds’ are increasingly accepted as an effective means of ‘making space for water’, adapting to possible climate change and helping communities become more flood and drought resilient. This study explores potential shifts in perception and attitude through Suds installation, development and habituation. Attitudes and awareness in communities in the USA and UK, where Suds have been in place for some time, were compared and contrasted, examining any evolution of beliefs and practices and wider community resilience. The principal finding was that there existed a lack of understanding about the existence and function of Suds. The paper concludes that consultation regarding solutions during Suds planning and installation, and ongoing dialogue afterwards, could usefully be explored as a means to improve local awareness of and satisfaction with Suds and promote greater understanding of their function. This may in turn encourage behaviour change to improve longer-term functionality of Suds and increase community resilience to flooding and drought

Limits to scale invariance in alluvial rivers

Assumptions about fluvial processes and process–form relations are made in general models and in many site‐specific applications. Many standard assumptions about reach‐scale flow resistance, bed‐material entrainment thresholds and transport rates, and downstream hydraulic geometry involve one or other of two types of scale invariance: a parameter (e.g. critical Shields number) has the same value in all rivers, or doubling one variable causes a fixed proportional change in another variable in all circumstances (e.g. power‐law hydraulic geometry). However, rivers vary greatly in size, gradient, and bed material, and many geomorphologists regard particular types of river as distinctive. This review examines the tension between universal scaling assumptions and perceived distinctions between different types of river. It identifies limits to scale invariance and departures from simple scaling, and illustrates them using large data sets spanning a wide range of conditions. Scaling considerations and data analysis support the commonly made distinction between coarse‐bed and fine‐bed reaches, whose different transport regimes can be traced to the different settling‐velocity scalings for coarse and fine grains. They also help identify two end‐member sub‐types: steep shallow coarse‐bed ‘torrents’ with distinctive flow‐resistance scaling and increased entrainment threshold, and very large, low‐gradient ‘mega rivers’ with predominantly suspended load, subdued secondary circulation, and extensive backwater conditions

Modeling subsurface hydrology in floodplains

Evans would also like to acknowledge the generous funding provided by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and the University of St Andrews 600 Fund, without which this work would not have been possible. Singer was supported by funding from NSF EAR #700555. The data output files are hosted online by the NERC Environmental Information Data Centre [Evans et al., 2018].Soil-moisture patterns in floodplains are highly dynamic, owing to the complex relationships between soil properties, climatic conditions at the surface, and the position of the water table. Given this complexity, along with climate change scenarios in many regions, there is a need for a model to investigate the implications of different conditions on water availability to riparian vegetation. We present a model, HaughFlow, which is able to predict coupled water movement in the vadose and phreatic zones of hydraulically connected floodplains. Model output was calibrated and evaluated at 6 sites in Australia to identify key patterns in subsurface hydrology. This study identifies the importance of the capillary fringe in vadose zone hydrology due to its water storage capacity and creation of conductive pathways. Following peaks in water table elevation, water can be stored in the capillary fringe for up to months (depending on the soil properties). This water can provide a critical resource for vegetation that is unable to access the water table. When water table peaks coincide with heavy rainfall events, the capillary fringe can support saturation of the entire soil profile. HaughFlow is used to investigate the water availability to riparian vegetation, producing daily output of water content in the soil over decadal time periods within different depth ranges. These outputs can be summarised to support scientific investigations of plant-water relations, as well as in management applications.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe