2,987 research outputs found
X-ray follow-ups of XSSJ12270-4859: a low-mass X-ray binary with gamma ray FERMI-LAT association
XSSJ1227.0-4859 is a peculiar, hard X-ray source recently positionally
associated to the Fermi-LAT source 1FGLJ1227.9-4852/2FGLJ1227.7-4853.
Multi-wavelength observations have added information on this source, indicating
a low-luminosity low-mass X-ray binary (LMXB), but its nature is still unclear.
To progress in our understanding, we present new X-ray data from a monitoring
campaign performed in 2011 with the XMM-Newton, RXTE, and Swift satellites and
combine them with new gamma-ray data from the Fermi and AGILE satellites. We
complement the study with simultaneous near-UV photometry from XMM-Newton and
with previous UV/optical and near-IR data. The X-ray history of XSSJ1227.0-4859
over 7yr shows a persistent and rather stable low-luminosity (~6x10^33
d_{1\,kpc}^2 erg/s) source, with flares and dips being peculiar and permanent
characteristics. The associated Fermi-LAT source 2FGLJ1227.7-4853 is also
stable over an overlapping period of 4.7\,yr. Searches for X-ray fast
pulsations down to msec give upper limits to pulse fractional amplitudes of
15-25% that do not rule out a fast spinning pulsar. The combined
UV/optical/near-IR spectrum reveals a hot component at ~13\,kK and a cool one
at ~4.6\,kK. The latter would suggest a late-type K2-K5 companion star, a
distance range of1.4--3.6kpc and an orbital period of 7--9 h. A near-UV
variability (>6\,h) also suggests a longer orbital period than previously
estimated. The analysis shows that the X-ray and UV/optical/near-IR emissions
are more compatible with an accretion-powered compact object than with a
rotational powered pulsar. The X-ray to UV bolometric luminosity ratio could be
consistent with a binary hosting a neutron star, but the uncertainties in the
radio data may also allow an LMXB black hole with a compact jet. In this case
it would be the first associated with a high-energy gamma-ray source.Comment: 17 pages, 14 figures, 1 table; Accepted for publication in Astronomy
& Astrophysics Main Journa
Congress of the United States, Ramazzini Institute and its affiliates, IARC: questions on scientific transparency
Impact of wearing a surgical mask on respiratory function in view of a widespread use during COVID-19 outbreak. A case-series study
First determination of the one-proton induced Non-Mesonic Weak Decay width of p-shell {\Lambda}-Hypernuclei
Previous studies of proton and neutron spectra from Non-Mesonic Weak Decay of
eight Lambda-Hypernuclei (A = 5-16) have been revisited. New values of the
ratio of the two-nucleon and the one-proton induced decay widths,
Gamma_2N/Gamma_p, are obtained from single proton spectra, Gamma_2N/Gamma_p =
0.50 +/- 0.24, and from neutron and proton coincidence spectra,
Gamma_2N/Gamma_p = 0.36 +/- 0.14stat +0.05sys -0.04sys , in full agreement with
previously published ones. With these values, a method is developed to extract
the one-proton induced decay width in units of the free Lambda decay width,
Gamma_p/Gamma_Lambda, without resorting to Intra Nuclear Cascade models but by
exploiting only experimental data, under the assumption of a linear dependence
on A of the Final State Interaction contribution. This is the first systematic
determination ever done and it agrees within the errors with recent theoretical
calculations.Comment: 16 pages, 3 figures, 2 table
Performance Of A Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber Exposed To The WANF Neutrino Beam
We present the results of the first exposure of a Liquid Argon TPC to a
multi-GeV neutrino beam. The data have been collected with a 50 liters
ICARUS-like chamber located between the CHORUS and NOMAD experiments at the
CERN West Area Neutrino Facility (WANF). We discuss both the instrumental
performance of the detector and its capability to identify and reconstruct low
multiplicity neutrino interactions.Comment: 14 pages, 12 figures. Submitted for publication to Physical Review
emission rates in absorptions at rest on Li, Li, Be, C and O
An experimental study of the reaction
on Li, Li, Be, C and O -shell nuclei is
presented. The data were collected by the FINUDA spectrometer operating at the
DANE -factory (LNF-INFN, Italy). Emission rates for the reaction in
the mentioned nuclei are measured and compared with the few existing data. The
spectra of several observables are discussed; indications of Quasi-Free
absorptions by a pair embedded in the nucleus can be obtained from
the study of the missing mass distributions.Comment: Version accepted by PR
Episodic Transient Gamma-Ray Emission from the Microquasar Cygnus X-1
Cygnus X-1 is the archetypal black hole (BH) binary system in our Galaxy. We
report the main results of an extensive search for transient gamma-ray emission
from Cygnus X-1 carried out in the energy range 100 MeV - 3 GeV by the AGILE
satellite, during the period 2007 July - 2009 October. The total exposure time
is about 300 days, during which the source was in the "hard" X-ray spectral
state. We divided the observing intervals in 2 or 4 week periods, and searched
for transient and persistent emission. We report an episode of significant
transient gamma-ray emission detected on 2009, October 16 in a position
compatible with Cygnus X-1 optical position. This episode, occurred during a
hard spectral state of Cygnus X-1, shows that a 1-2 day time variable emission
above 100 MeV can be produced during hard spectral states, having important
theoretical implications for current Comptonization models for Cygnus X-1 and
other microquasars. Except for this one short timescale episode, no significant
gamma-ray emission was detected by AGILE. By integrating all available data we
obtain a 2 upper limit for the total integrated flux of
in the energy range
100 MeV - 3 GeV. We then clearly establish the existence of a spectral cutoff
in the energy range 1-100 MeV that applies to the typical hard state outside
the flaring period and that confirms the historically known spectral cutoff
above 1 MeV.Comment: Accepted for publication by ApJ on the 9th of Feb 2010, 5 pages, 3
figure
Risk factors for bronchiolitis hospitalization during the first year of life in a multicenter Italian birth cohort
BACKGROUND: Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is one of the main causes of respiratory infections during the first year of life. Very premature infants may contract more severe diseases and 'late preterm infants' may also be more susceptible to the infection. The aim of this study is to evaluate the risk factors for hospitalization during the first year of life in children born at different gestational ages in Italy. METHODS: A cohort of 33-34 weeks gestational age (wGA) newborns matched by sex and age with two cohort of newborns born at 35-37 wGA and > 37 wGA were enrolled in this study for a three-year period (2009-2012). Hospitalization for bronchiolitis (ICD-9 code 466.1) during the first year of life was assessed through phone interview at the end of the RSV season (November-March) and at the completion of the first year of life. RESULTS: The study enrolled 2314 newborns, of which 2210 (95.5 %) had a one year follow-up and were included in the analysis; 120 (5.4 %) were hospitalized during the first year of life for bronchiolitis. Children born at 33-34 wGA had a higher hospitalization rate compared to the two other groups. The multivariate analysis carried out on the entire population associated the following factors with higher rates for bronchiolitis hospitalization: male gender; prenatal treatment with corticosteroids; prenatal exposure to maternal smoking; singleton delivery; respiratory diseases in neonatal period; surfactant therapy; lack of breastfeeding; siblings <10 years old; living in crowded conditions and/or in unhealthy households and early exposure to the epidemic RSV season. When analysis was restricted to preterms born at 33-34 wGA the following variables were associated to higher rates of bronchiolitis hospitalization: male gender, prenatal exposure to maternal smoking, neonatal surfactant therapy, having siblings <10 years old, living in crowded conditions and being exposed to epidemic season during the first three months of life. CONCLUSION: Our study identified some prenatal, perinatal and postnatal conditions proving to be relevant and independent risk factors for hospitalization for bronchiolitis during the first year of life. The combination of these factors may lead to consider palivizumab prophylaxis in Italy
Prenatal tobacco smoke exposure increases hospitalizations for bronchiolitis in infants
BACKGROUND: Tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) is a worldwide health problem and it is considered a risk factor for pregnant women's and children's health, particularly for respiratory morbidity during the first year of life. Few significant birth cohort studies on the effect of prenatal TSE via passive and active maternal smoking on the development of severe bronchiolitis in early childhood have been carried out worldwide. METHODS: From November 2009 to December 2012, newborns born at ≥ 33 weeks of gestational age (wGA) were recruited in a longitudinal multi-center cohort study in Italy to investigate the effects of prenatal and postnatal TSE, among other risk factors, on bronchiolitis hospitalization and/or death during the first year of life. RESULTS: Two thousand two hundred ten newborns enrolled at birth were followed-up during their first year of life. Of these, 120 (5.4%) were hospitalized for bronchiolitis. No enrolled infants died during the study period. Prenatal passive TSE and maternal active smoking of more than 15 cigarettes/daily are associated to a significant increase of the risk of offspring children hospitalization for bronchiolitis, with an adjHR of 3.5 (CI 1.5-8.1) and of 1.7 (CI 1.1-2.6) respectively. CONCLUSIONS: These results confirm the detrimental effects of passive TSE and active heavy smoke during pregnancy for infants' respiratory health, since the exposure significantly increases the risk of hospitalization for bronchiolitis in the first year of lif
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