Fluctuación diurna del contenido de vitamina C en hojas de Myrciaria dubia “camu camu”

Myrciaria dubia “camu camu” es un frutal del trópico amazónico caracterizado por sus frutos con gran contenido de vitamina C, siendo considerado un producto importante del país. Sin embargo, hay pocos reportes sobre el metabolismo y transporte de vitamina C en esta especie. El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar la fluctuación diurna del contenido de vitamina C en hojas de M. dubia “camu camu”. Las hojas se colectaron de la colección de germoplasma de “camu camu” del INIA a las 2, 6, 10, 14, 18 y 22 horas; de cuatro plantas y en tres fechas diferentes. La vitamina C fue extraída de las hojas con un método estandarizado en el laboratorio y se cuantificó mediante espectrofotometría a 530nm, previa reacción con 2,6-diclorofenolindofenol. Los resultados muestran que el contenido de vitamina C de las hojas de “camu camu” fue en promedio 231±35 mg vitamina C/100g de hoja. Además, el contenido de vitamina C en las hojas del “camu camu” mostró fluctuación diurna, siendo menor a las 6 horas y mayor a las 2 y 14 horas del día. También, se registraron concentraciones intermedias en horas de menor o ausencia de radiación solar (235±17 y 237±35 mg vitamina C/100g de hoja a las 18 y 22 horas respectivamente). Se concluye que existe alto contenido de vitamina C en las hojas del “camu camu” y que este contenido presenta fluctuación diurna

Semillas y plántulas de Myrciaria dubia "camu-camu": biometría, germinación y crecimiento inicial

The objectives were to determine seed biometrics, recording cellular respiration in the imbibition process, evaluate the effect of inducing chemicals in germination and early growth analysis. Cellular respiration during imbibition was measured by reduction of methylene blue and Janus Green B. The inductor effect of five chemical compounds in germination was evaluated. Initial growth was recorded by stereoscopic. Results showed that the seeds have an average weight of 520 ± 172 mg, length of 13.50 ± 1.76 mm, width of 10.61 ± 1.14 mm, and thickness of 4.68 ± 0 62 mm. These variables showed significant correlations (r of 0.494 to 0.897 and p90% and 65% respectively. Seedling initial growth consisted of six stages and occurred over a period of 22 days after radicle emergence. In conclusion, M. dubia seeds show wide variation in their biometrics (weight, length, width and thickness), but show significant correlations with each other. Likewise, seeds are metabolically active in imbibition process, and germination is induced by sodium nitrite and potassium cyanide. Furthermore, seedling initial growth to occur over a period of 22 days after emergence of the radicle and consists of six distinct stages.Los objetivos planteados fueron determinar la biometría de las semillas, registrar la respiración celular en el proceso de imbibición, evaluar el efecto inductor de la germinación de compuestos químicos y analizar el crecimiento inicial. La respiración celular durante la imbibición se midió por reducción del azul de metileno y del Janus Green B. El efecto inductor de la germinación de cinco compuestos químicos fue evaluado. El crecimiento inicial se registró con estereoscopio. Los resultados mostraron que las semillas tienen en promedio un peso de 520±172 mg, largo de 13,50±1,76 mm, ancho de 10,61±1,14 mm y espesor de 4,68±0,62 mm. Estas variables mostraron correlaciones significativas (r de 0,494 a 0,897 y p < 0,001). Las semillas fueron metabólicamente activas durante la imbibición, el cual se evidenció por la reducción de ambos aceptores electrónicos. El nitrito de sodio y el cianuro de potasio indujeron la germinación de las semillas en >90% y 65% respectivamente. El crecimiento hasta plántula constó de seis etapas y ocurrió en un periodo de 22 días después del brote de la radícula. En conclusión, las semillas de M. dubia muestran una amplia variación en sus datos biométricos (peso, largo, ancho y espesor), pero muestran correlaciones significativas entre sí. Asimismo, las semillas son metabólicamente activas en el proceso de imbibición y su germinación es inducida por el nitrito de sodio y el cianuro de potasio. Además, el crecimiento inicial hasta plántula ocurre en un periodo de 22 días después del brote de la radícula y consta de seis etapas bien diferenciadas

Improved functionalization of oleic acid-coated iron oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles can providemultiple benefits for biomedical applications in aqueous environments such asmagnetic separation or magnetic resonance imaging. To increase the colloidal stability and allow subsequent reactions, the introduction of hydrophilic functional groups onto the particles’ surface is essential. During this process, the original coating is exchanged by preferably covalently bonded ligands such as trialkoxysilanes. The duration of the silane exchange reaction, which commonly takes more than 24 h, is an important drawback for this approach. In this paper, we present a novel method, which introduces ultrasonication as an energy source to dramatically accelerate this process, resulting in high-quality waterdispersible nanoparticles around 10 nmin size. To prove the generic character, different functional groups were introduced on the surface including polyethylene glycol chains, carboxylic acid, amine, and thiol groups. Their colloidal stability in various aqueous buffer solutions as well as human plasma and serum was investigated to allow implementation in biomedical and sensing applications.status: publishe

Update on the Combined Analysis of Muon Measurements from Nine Air Shower Experiments

Over the last two decades, various experiments have measured muon densities in extensive air showers over several orders of magnitude in primary energy. While some experiments observed differences in the muon densities between simulated and experimentally measured air showers, others reported no discrepancies. We will present an update of the meta-analysis of muon measurements from nine air shower experiments, covering shower energies between a few PeV and tens of EeV and muon threshold energies from a few 100 MeV to about 10GeV. In order to compare measurements from different experiments, their energy scale was cross-calibrated and the experimental data has been compared using a universal reference scale based on air shower simulations. Above 10 PeV, we find a muon excess with respect to simulations for all hadronic interaction models, which is increasing with shower energy. For EPOS-LHC and QGSJet-II.04 the significance of the slope of the increase is analyzed in detail under different assumptions of the individual experimental uncertainties

Search for Spatial Correlations of Neutrinos with Ultra-high-energy Cosmic Rays

For several decades, the origin of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) has been an unsolved question of high-energy astrophysics. One approach for solving this puzzle is to correlate UHECRs with high-energy neutrinos, since neutrinos are a direct probe of hadronic interactions of cosmic rays and are not deflected by magnetic fields. In this paper, we present three different approaches for correlating the arrival directions of neutrinos with the arrival directions of UHECRs. The neutrino data are provided by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory and ANTARES, while the UHECR data with energies above ∼50 EeV are provided by the Pierre Auger Observatory and the Telescope Array. All experiments provide increased statistics and improved reconstructions with respect to our previous results reported in 2015. The first analysis uses a high-statistics neutrino sample optimized for point-source searches to search for excesses of neutrino clustering in the vicinity of UHECR directions. The second analysis searches for an excess of UHECRs in the direction of the highest-energy neutrinos. The third analysis searches for an excess of pairs of UHECRs and highest-energy neutrinos on different angular scales. None of the analyses have found a significant excess, and previously reported overfluctuations are reduced in significance. Based on these results, we further constrain the neutrino flux spatially correlated with UHECRs

Omecamtiv mecarbil in chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, GALACTIC‐HF: baseline characteristics and comparison with contemporary clinical trials

Aims: The safety and efficacy of the novel selective cardiac myosin activator, omecamtiv mecarbil, in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is tested in the Global Approach to Lowering Adverse Cardiac outcomes Through Improving Contractility in Heart Failure (GALACTIC‐HF) trial. Here we describe the baseline characteristics of participants in GALACTIC‐HF and how these compare with other contemporary trials. Methods and Results: Adults with established HFrEF, New York Heart Association functional class (NYHA) ≥ II, EF ≤35%, elevated natriuretic peptides and either current hospitalization for HF or history of hospitalization/ emergency department visit for HF within a year were randomized to either placebo or omecamtiv mecarbil (pharmacokinetic‐guided dosing: 25, 37.5 or 50 mg bid). 8256 patients [male (79%), non‐white (22%), mean age 65 years] were enrolled with a mean EF 27%, ischemic etiology in 54%, NYHA II 53% and III/IV 47%, and median NT‐proBNP 1971 pg/mL. HF therapies at baseline were among the most effectively employed in contemporary HF trials. GALACTIC‐HF randomized patients representative of recent HF registries and trials with substantial numbers of patients also having characteristics understudied in previous trials including more from North America (n = 1386), enrolled as inpatients (n = 2084), systolic blood pressure < 100 mmHg (n = 1127), estimated glomerular filtration rate < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 (n = 528), and treated with sacubitril‐valsartan at baseline (n = 1594). Conclusions: GALACTIC‐HF enrolled a well‐treated, high‐risk population from both inpatient and outpatient settings, which will provide a definitive evaluation of the efficacy and safety of this novel therapy, as well as informing its potential future implementation

Dataset of de novo assembly and functional annotation of the transcriptome during germination and initial growth of seedlings of Myrciaria Dubia “camu-camu”

Myrciaria dubia “camu-camu” is a native shrub of the Amazon that is commonly found in areas that are flooded for three to four months during the annual hydrological cycle. This plant species is exceptional for its capacity to biosynthesize and accumulate important quantities of a variety of health-promoting phytochemicals, especially vitamin C [1], yet few genomic resources are available [2]. Here we provide the dataset of a de novo assembly and functional annotation of the transcriptome from a pool of samples obtained from seeds during the germination process and seedlings during the initial growth (until one month after germination). Total RNA/mRNA was purified from different types of plant materials (i.e., imbibited seeds, germinated seeds, and seedlings of one, two, three, and four weeks old), pooled in equimolar ratio to generate the cDNA library and RNA paired-end sequencing was conducted on an Illumina HiSeq™2500 platform. The transcriptome was de novo assembled using Trinity v2.9.1 and SuperTranscripts v2.9.1. A total of 21,161 transcripts were assembled ranging in size from 500 to 10,001 bp with a N50 value of 1,485 bp. Completeness of the assembly dataset was assessed using the Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs (BUSCO) software v2/v3. Finally, the assembled transcripts were functionally annotated using TransDecoder v3.0.1 and the web-based platforms Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) Automatic Annotation Server (KAAS), and FunctionAnnotator

Semillas y plántulas de Myrciaria dubia "camu-camu": biometría, germinación y crecimiento inicial

The objectives were to determine seed biometrics, recording cellular respiration in the imbibition process, evaluate the effect of inducing chemicals in germination and early growth analysis. Cellular respiration during imbibition was measured by reduction of methylene blue and Janus Green B. The inductor effect of five chemical compounds in germination was evaluated. Initial growth was recorded by stereoscopic. Results showed that the seeds have an average weight of 520 ± 172 mg, length of 13.50 ± 1.76 mm, width of 10.61 ± 1.14 mm, and thickness of 4.68 ± 0 62 mm. These variables showed significant correlations (r of 0.494 to 0.897 and p90% and 65% respectively. Seedling initial growth consisted of six stages and occurred over a period of 22 days after radicle emergence. In conclusion, M. dubia seeds show wide variation in their biometrics (weight, length, width and thickness), but show significant correlations with each other. Likewise, seeds are metabolically active in imbibition process, and germination is induced by sodium nitrite and potassium cyanide. Furthermore, seedling initial growth to occur over a period of 22 days after emergence of the radicle and consists of six distinct stages.Los objetivos planteados fueron determinar la biometría de las semillas, registrar la respiración celular en el proceso de imbibición, evaluar el efecto inductor de la germinación de compuestos químicos y analizar el crecimiento inicial. La respiración celular durante la imbibición se midió por reducción del azul de metileno y del Janus Green B. El efecto inductor de la germinación de cinco compuestos químicos fue evaluado. El crecimiento inicial se registró con estereoscopio. Los resultados mostraron que las semillas tienen en promedio un peso de 520±172 mg, largo de 13,50±1,76 mm, ancho de 10,61±1,14 mm y espesor de 4,68±0,62 mm. Estas variables mostraron correlaciones significativas (r de 0,494 a 0,897 y p < 0,001). Las semillas fueron metabólicamente activas durante la imbibición, el cual se evidenció por la reducción de ambos aceptores electrónicos. El nitrito de sodio y el cianuro de potasio indujeron la germinación de las semillas en >90% y 65% respectivamente. El crecimiento hasta plántula constó de seis etapas y ocurrió en un periodo de 22 días después del brote de la radícula. En conclusión, las semillas de M. dubia muestran una amplia variación en sus datos biométricos (peso, largo, ancho y espesor), pero muestran correlaciones significativas entre sí. Asimismo, las semillas son metabólicamente activas en el proceso de imbibición y su germinación es inducida por el nitrito de sodio y el cianuro de potasio. Además, el crecimiento inicial hasta plántula ocurre en un periodo de 22 días después del brote de la radícula y consta de seis etapas bien diferenciadas

FBXW7 tumor suppressor regulation by dualspecificity tyrosine-regulated kinase 2

FBXW7 is a member of the F-box protein family, which functions as the substrate recognition component of the SCF E3 ubiquitin ligase. FBXW7 is a main tumor suppressor due to its ability to control proteasome-mediated degradation of several oncoproteins such as c-Jun, c-Myc, Cyclin E1, mTOR, and Notch1-IC. FBXW7 inactivation in human cancers results from a somatic mutation or downregulation of its protein levels. This work describes a novel regulatory mechanism for FBXW7 dependent on the serine/threonine protein kinase DYRK2. We show that DYRK2 interacts with and phosphorylates FBXW7 resulting in its proteasome-mediated degradation. DYRK2-dependent FBXW7 destabilization is independent of its ubiquitin ligase activity. The functional analysis demonstrates the existence of DYRK2-dependent regulatory mechanisms for key FBXW7 substrates. Finally, we provide evidence indicating that DYRK2-dependent regulation of FBXW7 protein accumulation contributes to cytotoxic effects in response to chemotherapy agents such as Doxorubicin or Paclitaxel in colorectal cancer cell lines and to BET inhibitors in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines. Altogether, this work reveals a new regulatory axis, DYRK2/FBXW7, which provides an understanding of the role of these two proteins in tumor progression and DNA damage responses.This work was funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN, PID2021-124314OB-I00 to MAC and PID2019-107185GB-I00 to SdlL), Junta de Andalucía-Consejería de Conocimiento, Investigación y Universidad (P20_00470 to MAC) and University of Cordoba (1380920-R to MAC) grants. ACS and LCS were supported by an FPU fellowship (FPU18/ 00845 and FPU20/02699, respectively) from the Spanish Ministerio de Educación y Formación Profesional

Estrategias utilizadas en la educación sexual de párvulos entre 4 y 6 años de edad, considerando la participación de la familia y educadores en la comuna de Vitacura

Tesis (Educadora de Párvulos, Licenciado en Educación)Los constantes cambios que vive el mundo de hoy afectan a la sociedad, a la familia y a la escuela. Son muchos los agentes sociales que están incidiendo e interviniendo en la mentalidad y en los procesos educativos para la formación del niño. Uno de los aspectos más importantes en el proceso de formación se relaciona con la educación afectiva y sexual. Es de vital importancia que tanto la familia como los educadores adquieran y valoren la experiencia y la formación personal y grupal en este tema. El intervenir en el desarrollo de un niño o niña implica conocer los significados, contenidos y etapas de un proceso educativo normal. Hoy en día es también muy importante tratar el tema de Educación Sexual para así generar la convivencia en un ambiente adecuado entre personas mental.mente sanas que comparten tareas comunes para desarrollar un espíritu de cooperación, eliminar el sentimiento de egoísmo y malos tratos con el sexo opuesto, para la maduración personal y para que los niños se sientan seguros de un clima de confianza y diálogo entregando valores