Perceptions des étudiants en médecine quant à leur degré de préparation et à la prestation de soins aux patients autistes ou présentant un handicap intellectuel

Introduction: To provide competent care to patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or intellectual developmental disorder (IDD), healthcare professionals must recognize the needs of neurodivergent populations and adapt their clinical approach. We assessed the perceived preparedness of medical students to adapt care delivery for patients with ASD/IDD, as well as their perceptions on neurodiversity education. Methods: We conducted a sequential explanatory mixed-methods study on undergraduate medical students at McGill University during the academic year 2020-2021. We administered an online survey, followed by semi-structured interviews. We analyzed data using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. We integrated findings at the interpretation level. Results: We included two-hundred-ten survey responses (~29% of class), and 12 interviews. Few students felt prepared to adjust care for patients with ASD/IDD despite most indicating doing so was important. Ninety-seven percent desired more training regarding care accommodation for neurodivergent patients. Thematic analysis unveiled the perception of current insufficient education, and the value of experiential learning. Discussion/Conclusions: This study highlights low perceived preparedness of medical students to accommodate care for neurodivergent patients, and a desire for more instruction. Incorporating interactive training in medical school curricula regarding modifying care delivery for neurodivergent individuals may improve the perceived preparedness of medical trainees to work with these patients and care quality.Introduction : Pour fournir des soins compétents aux patients atteints d’un trouble du spectre de l’autisme (TSA) ou d’un trouble du développement intellectuel (TDI), les professionnels de la santé doivent reconnaître les besoins des populations neurodivergentes et adapter leur approche clinique. Nous avons évalué le degré perçu de préparation des étudiants en médecine à adapter la prestation de soins aux patients atteints de TSA/TDI, ainsi que leurs perceptions de la formation relative à la neurodiversité. Méthodes : Nous avons mené une étude séquentielle explicative à méthodes mixtes auprès d'étudiants en médecine de premier cycle de l'Université McGill au cours de l'année universitaire 2020-2021. Nous avons administré un sondage en ligne, suivi d'entretiens semi-structurés. Nous avons analysé les données en faisant appel à la statistique descriptive et à une analyse thématique. Nous avons intégré les résultats sur le plan interprétatif. Résultats : Nous avons inclus deux cent dix réponses à l'enquête (~29% de la classe), et 12 entretiens. Peu d'étudiants se sentaient préparés à adapter les soins aux patients atteints de TSA/TDI, bien que la plupart d'entre eux aient indiqué qu'il était important de le faire. Quatre-vingt-dix-sept pour cent d'entre eux souhaitaient davantage de formation sur l'adaptation des soins aux patients neurodivergents. L'analyse thématique a révélé que les participants considéraient la formation actuelle insuffisante et jugeaient utile l'apprentissage par l'expérience. Discussion/Conclusions : Cette étude met en évidence le faible niveau de préparation perçu par les étudiants en médecine en ce qui concerne l'adaptation des soins aux patients neurodivergents, ainsi que le désir d'une formation plus poussée. L'intégration dans les programmes des facultés de médecine d'une formation interactive portant sur la modification de la prestation des soins pour les personnes neurodivergentes pourrait améliorer la perception des étudiants en médecine de leur degré de préparation à travailler avec ce type de patients et de la qualité des soins

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND INVESTORS' PERCEPTIONS OF FOREIGN IPO VALUE: AN INSTITUTIONAL PERSPECTIVE

We build on sociology-grounded research on financial market behavior and suggest a “nested” legitimacy framework to explore U.S. investor perceptions of foreign IPO value. We draw on a fuzzy-set theoretic approach to demonstrate how different combinations of monitoring and incentive-based corporate governance mechanisms lead to the same level of investor valuations of firms. We also argue that institutional factors related to the minority shareholder protection strength in the foreign IPO’s home country represent a boundary condition that affects the number of governance mechanisms required to achieve U.S. investors’ high value perceptions. Our findings, drawn from a unique, hand-collected dataset of foreign IPOs in the U.S, contribute to the sociological perspective on comparative corporate governance and the inter-dependencies between organizations and institutions

Marking their own homework: The pragmatic and moral legitimacy of industry self-regulation

When is industry self-regulation (ISR) a legitimate form of governance? In principle, ISR can serve the interests of participating companies, regulators and other stakeholders. However, in practice, empirical evidence shows that ISR schemes often under-perform, leading to criticism that such schemes are tantamount to firms marking their own homework. In response, this paper explains how current management theory on ISR has failed to separate the pragmatic legitimacy of ISR based on self-interested calculations, from moral legitimacy based on normative approval. The paper traces three families of management theory on ISR and uses these to map the pragmatic and moral legitimacy of ISR schemes. It identifies tensions between the pragmatic and moral legitimacy of ISR schemes, which the current ISR literature does not address, and draws implications for the future theory and practice of ISR

The ineffectiveness of entrepreneurship policy:Is policy formulation to blame?

Entrepreneurship policy has been criticised for its lack of effectiveness. Some scholars, such as Scott Shane in this journal, have argued that it is ‘bad’ public policy. But this simply begs the question why the legislative process should generate bad policy? To answer this question this study examines the UK’s enterprise policy process in the 2009–2010 period. It suggests that a key factor for the ineffectiveness of policy is how it is formulated. This stage in the policy process is seldom visible to those outside of government departments and has been largely ignored by prior research. The application of institutional theory provides a detailed theoretical understanding of the actors and the process by which enterprise policy is formulated. We find that by opening up the ‘black box’ of enterprise policy formulation, the process is dominated by powerful actors who govern the process with their interests

The interplay between HQ legitimation and subsidiary legitimacy judgments in HQ relocation : a social psychological approach

This paper marks a departure from the focus on external stakeholders in much research on legitimacy and multinational corporations, adopting a social psychological approach to study how MNCs build internal legitimacy for controversial decisions with their subsidiaries. We explore this through a longitudinal, real-time qualitative case study of a regional office relocation, since office relocations represent rare yet significant strategic decisions. We analyze the interplay between the legitimation strategies of senior managers and subsidiary legitimacy judgments, based in instrumental, relational, and moral considerations, and how the relationship between the two develops over time. From this analysis, we derive inductively a process model that reveals the dynamics of building internal legitimacy with subsidiaries, and how an MNC moves on even in the absence of full legitimacy, when dealing with controversial MNC decisions. The model highlights two important dynamics. The first is a dynamic between legitimation strategies and legitimacy judgments and how this is influenced by local subsidiary contexts. The second is a temporal dynamic in how both the legitimation strategies and legitimacy judgments evolve over time. Our model contributes to research on legitimacy in MNCs, what we know about tensions that characterize MNC–subunit relationships, and research on headquarters relocation

Turning strategic network resources into performance

Käsikirjoitus suljettuna kunnes artikkeli julkaistaan-> 24kk embargo tästä alkaenResearch Summary: This article examines the relationship between strategic network resources; the network identity (i.e., the self-perceived attractiveness as a partner based on the firm's existing and prior relationships); and firm performance among established small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). We test our hypotheses within the sample of 199 internationalized SMEs in Finland. We contribute to the discussion on the performance effects of network resources among small firms by demonstrating that: (a) networks can become a source of strategic resources for SMEs, which enhance firm performance; and (b) such concrete strategic resource exchange builds evidence-based identity, which helps entice and convince customers and other partners to invest in the collaboration so that strategic resources can be transferred to sustain firm performance beyond the early stages. Managerial Summary: The purpose of this article is to investigate how an SME's strategic collaboration and its attractiveness as a partner enhance firm performance. The key message for practitioners is twofold. First, the conventional view suggests that strategic resources should be kept in-house and that too much dependency on partners may lead to a vulnerable power position. Yet, we demonstrate that SMEs can also enhance their performance by acquiring strategic resources from their partners. Second, while weak affiliations with prestigious partners may help build credibility in the early stages of firm development, it is the strategic collaboration and concrete resource exchange that seem to attract other customers and business partners to commit to, and invest in, the collaboration which, in turn, enhances performance beyond the early stages.Peer reviewe