Extension Property

Here, we study games of incomplete information and argue that it is important to correctly specify the “context ” within which hierarchies of beliefs lie. We consider a situation where the players understand more than the analyst: It is transparent to the players—but not to the analyst—that certain hierarchies of beliefs are precluded. In particular, the players ’ type structure can be viewed as a strict subset of the analyst’s type structure. How does this affect a Bayesian equilibrium analysis? One natural conjecture is that this doesn’t change the analysis—i.e., every equilibrium of the players’ type structure can be associated with an equilibrium of the analyst’s type structure. We show that this conjecture is wrong. Bayesian equilibrium may fail an Extension Property. This can occur even in the case where the game is finite and the analyst uses the so-called universal structure (to analyze the game)—and, even, if the associated Bayesian game has an equilibrium. We go on to explore specific situations in which th

Paleoseismic History of the Dead Sea Fault Zone

International audienceThe aim of this entry is to describe the DSF as a transform plate boundary pointing out the rate of activedeformation, fault segmentation, and geometrical complexities as a control of earthquake ruptures. Thedistribution of large historical earthquakes from a revisited seismicity catalogue using detailedmacroseismic maps allows the correlation between the location of past earthquakes and fault segments.The recent results of paleoearthquake investigations (paleoseismic and archeoseismic) with a recurrenceinterval of large events and long-term slip rate are presented and discussed along with the identification ofseismic gaps along the fault. Finally, the implications for the seismic hazard assessment are also discussed

Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) and their applications [forthcoming]

Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) and Their Application

N-Acetyl Cysteine May Support Dopamine Neurons in Parkinson\u27s Disease: Preliminary Clinical and Cell Line Data.

BACKGOUND: The purpose of this study was to assess the biological and clinical effects of n-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) in Parkinson\u27s disease (PD). METHODS: The overarching goal of this pilot study was to generate additional data about potentially protective properties of NAC in PD, using an in vitro and in vivo approach. In preparation for the clinical study we performed a cell tissue culture study with human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived midbrain dopamine (mDA) neurons that were treated with rotenone as a model for PD. The primary outcome in the cell tissue cultures was the number of cells that survived the insult with the neurotoxin rotenone. In the clinical study, patients continued their standard of care and were randomized to receive either daily NAC or were a waitlist control. Patients were evaluated before and after 3 months of receiving the NAC with DaTscan to measure dopamine transporter (DAT) binding and the Unified Parkinson\u27s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) to measure clinical symptoms. RESULTS: The cell line study showed that NAC exposure resulted in significantly more mDA neurons surviving after exposure to rotenone compared to no NAC, consistent with the protective effects of NAC previously observed. The clinical study showed significantly increased DAT binding in the caudate and putamen (mean increase ranging from 4.4% to 7.8%; p CONCLUSIONS: The results of this preliminary study demonstrate for the first time a potential direct effect of NAC on the dopamine system in PD patients, and this observation may be associated with positive clinical effects. A large-scale clinical trial to test the therapeutic efficacy of NAC in this population and to better elucidate the mechanism of action is warranted. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02445651

Resting-State EEG Classification of Children and Adolescents Diagnosed With Major Depressive Disorder Using Convolutional Neural Networks

Jahanian Najafabadi A, Bagh K. Resting-State EEG Classification of Children and Adolescents Diagnosed With Major Depressive Disorder Using Convolutional Neural Networks. In: 2023 IEEE Signal Processing in Medicine and Biology Symposium (SPMB). IEEE; 2023: 1-6

Role of Biocathodes in Bioelectrochemical Systems

Environmental damage, depleting fossil fuels and energy security are major factors driving intensive research efforts to develop carbon neutral or carbon negative technologies which can be used to produce electricity and chemicals. Technologies under development to achieve this goal include those based on bioelectrochemical, biological, thermal and chemical processes. Evolving technologies employing biological as well as electrochemical principles are grouped in the bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) category. The main focus of this chapter is on biocathodes used in BESs

Surgical Treatment of Bullous Keratopathy: Modern Approaches and Trends

According to WHO, corneal pathology is the fourth cause (5.1 %) of blindness among the main causes of significant visual impairment in the world after cataract, glaucoma and macular degeneration. Bullous keratopathy is a serious progressive corneal disease, in which the endothelial lesion plays the main role leading to the chronic corneal edema, reduce of visual acuity, development of pain syndrome, formation of permanent opacities, and various infectious complication, which may result in eye globe loss. Since the second half of 90th XX century various modifications of modern posterior (endothelial) keratoplasty have been introduced in the clinical practice, which were subsequently used widely for the treatment of bullous keratopathy. The introduction of new microkeratomes used in refractive surgery significantly contributed to the development of endothelial keratoplasty microsurgical technique, which enables the high quality, selective replacement of the affected corneal layers in comparison to the manual lamellar keratoplasty techniques. One of the contraindications for endothelial keratoplasty is an irreversible central stromal opacity. In that case, modern technologies and new equipment (particularly femtosecond laser) provide an opportunity to perform the penetrating keratoplasty with a complex-shaped profile and corresponding edges of the graft and its bed. In bullous keratopathy, top-hat keratoplasty represents the pathogenically targeted treatment method that allows transplanting of more endothelial cells with a relatively smaller diameter of graft’s anterior segment. This article reviews the literature on modern surgical treatment of bullous keratopathy