K3 Implementation and Psychosocial Working Area Effect at SP II Factory (Slab Steel Plant) P.t. Ks Melting Unit

The implementation of healthy and safety work is playing a significant role in creating working area securely, healty and safely. But the programe doesn't have guarantee that the job and condition working area will alway be secure, healty and safe. Healt and safety work constitute one of the efforts for reducing the possibility of work accident risk, work ilness and polution area. This research use method qualitative case study. Participant of this studiy are two official employees at SSP II factory PT. KS Melting Unit. The collecting data technique for this study are observation and interview. The application of the program at factory SSP II PT. KS Unit Melting is already good. On the other hand, the working condition area in factory SSP II PT. KS Unit Melting has psychososial effects and influences employees' emotion such as higher voice intonation as if shouting or being angry with another person, easy to get annoyed or feeling unhappy, and also has sleeping problems because of the noisy working condition. The other effects are hot temperature and dust that make the employees easy to feel tired quickly

Love in translation:family language policy among Indonesian-Finnish intercultural families in Finland

Abstract. This study explores how family language policies are negotiated among Indonesian-Finnish intercultural families in Finland, as seen from the Indonesian mothers’ perspectives. The significance of this topic emerges from both the current discourse on multilingualism in Finland and the lack of research on the heritage language maintenance of Indonesian diaspora communities in the Nordic context. This study employs Family Language Policy (FLP) as a theoretical framework that encompasses both the micro perspective of language acquisition theory and the macro paradigm of language policy theory. A narrative methodology was implemented throughout the study. Six Indonesian mothers who engage in intercultural relationships were interviewed to share their experiences in bi/multilingual childrearing in Finland. Narrative analysis was applied to present the mothers’ individual stories, while thematic analysis was adopted to discuss the elements that characterise the construction and enactment of FLP in these intercultural families. The study reveals that FLP is negotiated within the interactions of language ideologies/beliefs, language practices, language planning, intra-family factors and macro-societal factors. FLP is dynamic and subject to re-negotiation across the family’s life. The mothers’ stories acknowledge that the Indonesian mothers and the Finnish fathers have an equal say in negotiating the FLP in these families. Despite the active roles of parents, children’s agency in choosing their preferred languages to speak at home appears to be the defining factor in the enactment of FLP. With Indonesia’s specific sociohistorical context put in perspective, the mothers’ stories suggest that family context provides limited space for heritage language maintenance as society has a stronger influence in socialising children into the dominant language. In Finland, Neuvola (maternity clinic) plays a crucial role in affirming the state’s protection of ethnolinguistic rights by advising parents to speak their heritage languages at home. In reality, immigrant heritage languages are problematised as a threat to social cohesion; yet, at the same time, recognised as part of Finland’s language reserve. These competing discourses create dissonance for these mothers. Furthermore, the mothers’ stories raise a question on whether the education system has been able to deliver its promises in providing equal support to children with diverse linguistic backgrounds. Therefore, with the absence of a conscious and deliberate FLP at home, these intercultural families are even more at risk of heritage language loss.Love in translation : kebijakan bahasa dalam keluarga pernikahan campur Indonesia-Finlandia di Finlandia. Abstract . Penelitian ini mengkaji bagaimana kebijakan bahasa dinegosiasikan di dalam keluarga pernikahan campur Indonesia-Finlandia di Finlandia. Relevansi topik ini muncul dari diskursus mengenai kemultibahasaan di Finlandia dan kurangnya studi tentang pelestarian bahasa ibu di komunitas diaspora Indonesia dalam konteks negara-negara Nordik. Studi ini menggunakan kerangka teori Family Language Policy (FLP) yang mengakomodasi perspektif mikro dari teori akuisisi bahasa dan perspektif makro dari teori kebijakan bahasa. Metode penelitian naratif digunakan di dalam studi ini. Enam orang ibu asal Indonesia yang menikah dengan pria Finlandia diwawancara untuk berbagi pengalaman mereka dalam membesarkan anak multibahasa di Finlandia. Pengalaman masing-masing ibu disajikan melalui analisis naratif, sedangkan analisis tematik digunakan untuk mendiskusikan berbagai elemen yang mempengaruhi konstruksi kebijakan bahasa di dalam keluarga. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa kebijakan bahasa keluarga dinegosiasikan di ruang interaksi antara ideologi bahasa, praktik bahasa, perencanaan bahasa, faktor-faktor internal keluarga dan faktor-faktor sosial-makro. Kebijakan bahasa di dalam keluarga bersifat dinamis dan mengalami negosiasi ulang seiring waktu. Para ibu asal Indonesia ini mengakui peran penting mereka dalam menegosiasikan kebijakan bahasa di dalam keluarga. Namun, terlepas dari keterlibatan aktif orang tua, anak berdaya dalam memutuskan bahasa yang ingin mereka gunakan, dan hal ini menjadi faktor penentu dalam penerapan kebijakan bahasa di dalam keluarga. Pengalaman para ibu ini menunjukkan bahwa konteks keluarga menyediakan ruang yang terbatas bagi usaha pelestarian bahasa ibu. Masyarakat memiliki pengaruh yang lebih kuat dalam mensosialisasikan anak ke dalam bahasa mayoritas. Di Finlandia, Neuvola (klinik ibu dan anak) berperan penting dalam mengukuhkan perlindungan hak-hak etnolinguistik warga dengan menyarankan orang tua untuk berbicara bahasa ibu masing-masing. Walaupun demikian, kenyataan keseharian menunjukkan bahasa warisan kaum pendatang dianggap sebagai ancaman bagi kohesi sosial, sekaligus sebagai bagian dari kekayaan bahasa masyarakat Finlandia. Paradoks wacana tersebut menciptakan kebingungan tersendiri. Lebih jauh lagi, muncul pertanyaan apakah sistem pendidikan di Finlandia sudah mampu menuntaskan janji kesetaraan dengan menyediakan dukungan yang merata bagi siswa dengan latar belakang bahasa yang beragam. Oleh karena itu, dengan berkurangnya kesadaran akan pentingnya kebijakan bahasa di dalam rumah, keluarga campuran Indonesia-Finlandia ini akan cenderung mengalami resiko lebih tinggi kehilangan bahasa ibu

Stabilitas Fisik Sediaan Lotion O/w dan W/o Ekstrak Buah Mahkota Dewa sebagai Tabir Surya dan Uji Iritasi Primer pada Kelinci

Ekstrak buah mahkota dewa mengandung phalerin dan memiliki aktivitas sebagai tabir surya. Formula optimum lotion o/w didapat berdasarkan metode Simplex Lattice Design (LSD) menggunakan software Design Expert® versi 8.0.7 dengan variasi setil alkohol, asam stearat, dan trietanolamin sedangkan lotion w/o menggunakan cera alba, span 80 dan setil alkohol. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui stabilitas fisik kedua sediaan lotion hasil optimasi serta keamanannya secara in vivo pada kulit kelinci betina. Sediaan lotion o/w dan w/o dibuat dalam 10 formula lalu diuji sifat fisiknya. Data sifat fisik digunakan untuk penentuan formula optimum. Perbedaan sifat fisik formula optimum percobaan dengan prediksi yang ditetapkan dengan uji t, taraf kepercayaan 95 %. Lotion yang optimum dilakukan uji stabilitas fisik dan uji iritasi primer pada kulit kelinci. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa formula optimum lotion o/w adalah setil alkohol 2,690%; asam stearat 4,146%; dan trietanolamin 3,164%, sedangkan lotion w/o adalah sera alba 12,136%; span 80 7,181%; dan setil alkohol 3,683%. Hasil uji-t menunjukkan hasil yang tidak berbeda signifikan antara respon sifat fisik hasil percobaan dengan prediksi software. Viskositas lotion o/w kurang stabil, tetapi daya sebar, daya lekat, rasio volume pemisahan, relatif stabil sedangkan semua lotion kurang stabil selama penyimpanan pada suhu ekstrim. Lotion secara kualitatif tidak mengiritasi kulit kelinci

Human exposure to endocrine disrupters: consequences of gastroplasty on plasma concentration of toxic pollutants

BACKGROUND: Body weight loss occurring after a hypoenergetic diet or a gastroplasty could be followed by an increase in blood concentration of potentially toxic pollutants that can interfere with the hormonal system (endocrine disrupters). DESIGN: Thirty obese individuals recruited for gastroplasty were compared before and after treatment with 45 normal-weight people. MEASUREMENTS: Blood samples were analyzed for DDT, DDE, HCB and PCBs no. 28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153 and 180, by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS: The results indicate clearly that body weight loss occurring after gastroplasty increases plasma concentration of lipophilic pollutants. CONCLUSION: Gastroplasty increases plasma concentration of organochlorine pesticides and PCBs, which could be a risk factor of endocrine disruption. Future longitudinal research will have to determine if the advantages of body weight loss are reduced by this potentially harmful effect