36 research outputs found

    The Synthesis of Alginate-Capped Silver Nanoparticles under Microwave Irradiation

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    Synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NP) was successfully performed within a few minutes by microwave irradiation of the precursor salt (AgNO3) and alginate mixed solution in one pot. Herein, alginate molecules acted as both a reducing and stabilizing agent for the preparation of the silver nanoparticles. The obtained nanoparticles were characterized by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, particle size analysis (PSA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The pH and concentration ratio of the alginate/metal precursor salt greatly influenced the particle size and its distribution of Ag-NP. The higher the pH the higher the nucleation rate and the larger the electrostatic stabilization, while both of them were responsible for producing a smaller particle size and a narrower size distribution. A higher concentration ratio also yielded a smaller particle size and a narrower size distribution, but above the optimum ratio, the trend was conversely changed due to the reducing capability of the alginate, which was dominant above the optimum ratio, thus creating a high density of nuclei, allowing aggregation to occur. A lower ratio not only led to a higher tendency to produce larger particles, but also a higher probability of anisotropic particle shape formation due to the lack of reducing capability of the alginates

    Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles using Aqueous Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Extract, and Its Interaction Study with Melamine

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    Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been successfully prepared by green synthesis method using aqueous extract of garlic with the Latin name of Allium sativum L. (ASL) as a reducing and stabilizing agents. Identification of active compounds in aqueous ASL extract was conducted by phytochemical analysis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, while the synthesized AuNPs were characterized using UV-Vis spectrophotometer and transmission electron microscopy-selected area electron diffraction (TEM-SAED). The AuNPs formation was optimized at aqueous ASL extract concentration of 0.05%, HAuCl4 concentration of 2.0×10-4 M, and pH of 3.6. The optimized AuNPs was characterized   using TEM, and has a spherical shape with particle size of 15±3 nm. The particles were also stable up until one month. The synthesized AuNPs has been studied its interaction with melamine, and showed the optimum pH of interaction at 3.6.

    Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (Pbl) Dengan Media Audio Visual Pada Materi Ikatan Kimia Terhadap Penguasaan Konsep Dan Berpikir Kritis Peserta Didik SMA Negeri 1 Panga

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    Salah satu tujuan mata pelajaran kimia di tingkat SMA adalah untuk menerapkan konsep-konsep kimia dalam rangka penyelesaian masalah yang dihadapi dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Kenyataannya di lapangan justru bertolak belakang dengan tujuan di atas. Kesulitan peserta didik SMA Negeri 1 Panga dalam memahami materi pelajaran kimia masih banyak ditemukan. Berdasarkan permasalahan dimaksud penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk: 1) mengetahui pengaruh penerapan model pembelajaran PBL dengan media audio visual terhadap penguasaan konsep peserta didik SMA Negeri 1 Panga pada materi ikatan kimia, 2) mengetahui pengaruh penerapan PBL dengan media audio visual terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik SMA Negeri 1 Panga. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode eksperimen pendekatan deskriptif, menggunakan desain penelitian posttest only control design. Sampel dalam penelitian adalah peserta didik kelas X semester 1 SMAN 1 Panga tahun pelajaran 2014/2015. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan tes penguasaan konsep dan tes kemampuan berpikir kritis yang telah divalidasi. Data hasil tes yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif dan secara statistik pada taraf signifikan α = 0,05 (95%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan PBL dengan media audio visual berpengaruh signifikan terhadap penguasaan konsep peserta didik SMA Negeri 1 Panga pada materi ikatan kimia. Nilai rata-rata kelas eksperimen (84) lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelas kontrol (62). Nilai indikator penguasaan konsep yang paling tinggi adalah pada indikator analisis (C4) (85). Penerapan PBL dengan media audio visual berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik SMA Negeri 1 Panga. Terbukti dari nilai rata-rata kelas eksperimen (82) yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelas kontrol (66). Nilai indikator kemampuan berpikir kritis yang paling tinggi adalah pada indikator mengidentifikasi dan menangani suatu ketidaktepatan dan indikator kemampuan memberikan alasa

    UNJUK KERJA SPEKTROFOTOMETER DR 1900 SEBAGAI ALAT UJI ION Cr6+ DALAM PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH PENYAMAKAN KULIT MENGGUNAKAN KULIT SALAK (Salacca zalacca)

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    Limbah penyamakan kulit merupakan salah satu limbah yang memerlukan pengolahan karena mengandung ion Cr6+ yang dapat berbahaya bagi lingkungan, terutama laboratorium sebagai tempat pendidikan. Tujuan dari kajian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas kulit salak dalam mengadsorpsi ion Cr6+ dalam limbah penyamakan kulit sebagai upaya pengelolaan laboratorium. Alat yang digunakan untuk mengukur kadar ion Cr6+ adalah spektrofotometer DR 1900 yang merupakan jenis spektrofotometer portable. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah adsorpsi menggunakan kulit salak yang diaktivasi dengan HCl. Evaluasi hasil adsorpsi dilakukan dengan cara membandingkan kadar ion Cr6+ sebelum dan setelah adsorpsi yang diukur dengan spektrofotometer DR 1900. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa efektivitas adsorpsi ion Cr6+ menggunakan adsorben kulit salak adalah 59,5714 %.Kata kunci : ion Cr6+, kulit salak, spektrofotometer DR 1900, limbah penyamakan kuli

    PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING (PBL) DENGAN MEDIA AUDIO VISUAL PADA MATERI IKATAN KIMIA TERHADAP PENGUASAAN KONSEP DAN BERPIKIR KRITIS PESERTA DIDIK SMA NEGERI 1 PANGA

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    Salah satu tujuan mata pelajaran kimia di tingkat SMA adalah untuk menerapkan konsep-konsep kimia dalam rangka penyelesaian masalah yang dihadapi dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Kenyataannya di lapangan justru bertolak belakang dengan tujuan di atas. Kesulitan peserta didik SMA Negeri 1 Panga dalam memahami materi pelajaran kimia masih banyak ditemukan. Berdasarkan permasalahan dimaksud penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk: 1) mengetahui pengaruh penerapan model pembelajaran PBL dengan media audio visual terhadap penguasaan konsep peserta didik SMA Negeri 1 Panga pada materi ikatan kimia, 2) mengetahui pengaruh penerapan PBL dengan media audio visual terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik SMA Negeri 1 Panga. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode eksperimen pendekatan deskriptif, menggunakan desain penelitian posttest only control design. Sampel dalam penelitian adalah peserta didik kelas X semester 1 SMAN 1 Panga tahun pelajaran 2014/2015. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan tes penguasaan konsep dan tes kemampuan berpikir kritis yang telah divalidasi. Data hasil tes yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif dan secara statistik pada taraf signifikan α = 0,05 (95%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan PBL dengan media audio visual berpengaruh signifikan terhadap penguasaan konsep peserta didik SMA Negeri 1 Panga pada materi ikatan kimia. Nilai rata-rata kelas eksperimen (84) lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelas kontrol (62). Nilai indikator penguasaan konsep yang paling tinggi adalah pada indikator analisis (C4) (85). Penerapan PBL dengan media audio visual berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik SMA Negeri 1 Panga. Terbukti dari nilai rata-rata kelas eksperimen (82) yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelas kontrol (66). Nilai indikator kemampuan berpikir kritis yang paling tinggi adalah pada indikator mengidentifikasi dan menangani suatu ketidaktepatan dan indikator kemampuan memberikan alasa

    The Study of Phosphate Release from Artificial Sediment into Water Body Using Diffusive Gradient in Thin Film (DGT) Device in Oxic Condition

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    The phenomenon of phosphate release in sediments into water bodies under oxic environment has been investigated using the Diffusive Gradient in Thin Film (DGT) technique. This research consists of several stages: polymer synthesis and DGT probe assembly, sediment sampling, DGT deployment in oxic conditions, and phosphate analysis from DGT adsorption results. Acrylamide polymer was successfully synthesized with a composition 15% acrylamide; N-N'-methylenebisacrylamide 0.1% and ferrihydrite as binding gels. DGT probes were assembly by placing a 16 x 3.2 cm polyacrylamide gel, binding gels and filter membranes on the DGT probes. The sediment sample was taken from the Bogor Botanical Gardens at the coordinates 6°36’00.6” S; 106°47’51.0” E. The DGT probe was placed in sediment samples for 1, 3 and 7 days in oxic conditions. After the prescribed time, the binding gel was removed and cut every 1 cm depth, then eluted using 0.25 M H2SO4 and the phosphate concentration was measured using spectrophotometry method. The results showed that the phosphate concentration tends to be higher with the increasing incubation time and depth. Maximum CDGT phosphate released on day 1, day 3 and day 7 were 1.00 µg/L at a depth of 14 cm, 6.61 µg/L at a depth of 14 cm, and 20.92 µg/L at a depth of 11 cm respectively. This ensures that the phosphate in water bodies comes from biogeochemical processes that occur in sediments and is successfully measured through DGT techniques

    MODIFIKASI KULIT SALAK (Salacca zalacca) SEBAGAI ADSORBEN KROMIUM DALAM LIMBAH PENYAMAKAN KULIT

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    Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui waktu kontak dan konsentrasi awal kromium ketika adsorpsi mencapai kesetimbangan serta untuk mengetahui pola isoterm dan efisiensi adsorpsi kromium dalam limbah penyamakan kulit. Kulit salak didelignifikasi menggunakan NaOH 0,1 M selama 12 jam kemudian diaktivasi dengan HCl 1 M selama 24 jam. Karakterisasi adsorben dilakukan dengan FTIR dan SEM-EDS. Proses adsorpsi untuk menentukan kondisi setimbang dilakukan pada variasi waktu kontak dan konsentrasi awal kromium. Konsentrasi kromium dalam larutan ditentukan dengan SSA. Daya adsorpsi ditentukan dengan membandingkan konsentrasi kromium sebelum dan sesudah adsorpsi. Data waktu kontak dalam keadaan setimbang yang diperoleh digunakan untuk melakukan adsorpsi terhadap limbah penyamakan kulit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa waktu kontak optimum ketika adsorpsi mencapai kesetimbangan adalah 90 menit sedangkan konsentrasi awal kromium yang memberikan daya adsorpsi paling besar dalam kondisi setimbang adalah 28,265 mg/L. Adsorpsi ini mengikuti pola isoterm Freundlich dan efisiensi adsorpsi kromium dalam limbah penyamakan kulit adalah 59,8173%. Kata kunci: kulit salak, adsorpsi, kromium

    Green Synthesis Nanoparticle ZnO Sargassum sp. Extract and The Products Charactheristic

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    The synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles is an emerging research area due to its wide range of applications, such as electronics, pharmaceuticals, optics and food packaging. In this study, described the green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles and their characteristics using Sargassum sp. extract and 0.1 M zinc nitrate as the precursors. The variations include Sargassum sp. extracts volume of 5, 10, and 20mL and the calcination temperature of 400, 500, and 600 oC. The characterization had been done such as the role of Sargassum sp. extract as a reducing agent for Zn2+ → Zn0 confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra due to 450-4000 cm-1 wavelength, the size of particles using Particle Size Analyzer (PSA), image and chemical composition using Scanning Electron Microscopy with X-ray microanalysis (SEM-EDS) and crystallinity using ray powder diffraction (XRD) with Cu anode at 1.54187 Å. Analysis with PSA instrument showed that ZnO particle size increased from 607 up to 649 nm along with increasing of extract concentration from 5 up to 20% (v/v). SEM imaging showed the formation of ZnO to be predominantly spherical and EDS data confirmed the existence of zinc and oxygen in the particles obtained. XRD analysis revealed hexagonal crystal system of ZnO nanoparticles and decreased in crystallite size was observed from 31.4 to 14.7 nm with increased in calcination temperature from 400 to 600 oC

    Antioxidant Deterioration in Active Composite Film during Storage

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    Pure polylactic acid is widely used for packaging, but it has limitation due to its oxygen barrier property. We investigated oxygen scavenging active packaging by incorporating synthetic antioxidant butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT) into matrix composite film (plasticized polylactic acid-natrium montmorillonite/NaMMT) using direct casting. The 2.2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) or antiradical activity was used to investigate oxygen scavenging of butylated hydroxytoluene in PLA active composite film during 15 storage days at 30oC. Oxygen permeability was calculated by using ASTM F3136-15 method. BHT oxidation rate of the active film composite film was 0.043 times per day. The BHT was estimated fully deteriorate after 108 storage days. The research revealed that the oxygen barrier property improved by 2.3 times compared to the passive polylactic composite film. BHT concentration between 5-10% was enough to significantly reduce oxygen permeability value. Oxygen permeability value and antiradical activity deterioration was significant correlated at 97 to 99 percents

    Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles using Aqueous Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Extract, and Its Interaction Study with Melamine

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    Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been successfully prepared by green synthesis method using aqueous extract of garlic with the Latin name of Allium sativum L. (ASL) as a reducing and stabilizing agents. Identification of active compounds in aqueous ASL extract was conducted by phytochemical analysis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, while the synthesized AuNPs were characterized using UV-Vis spectrophotometer and transmission electron microscopy-selected area electron diffraction (TEM-SAED). The AuNPs formation was optimized at aqueous ASL extract concentration of 0.05%, HAuCl4 concentration of 2.0×10-4 M, and pH of 3.6. The optimized AuNPs was characterized   using TEM, and has a spherical shape with particle size of 15±3 nm. The particles were also stable up until one month. The synthesized AuNPs has been studied its interaction with melamine, and showed the optimum pH of interaction at 3.6. Copyright © 2017 BCREC GROUP. All rights reserved Received: 13rd November 2016; Revised: 3rd January 2017; Accepted: 10th February 2017 How to Cite: Yulizar, Y., Ariyanta, H.A., Abdurrachman, L. (2017). Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles using Aqueous Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Extract, and Its Interaction Study with Melamine. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 12 (2): 212-218 (doi:10.9767/bcrec.12.2.770.212-218) Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.12.2.770.212-21
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