Studies on Migration of Bursaphlenchus xylophilus and the Extracts from medium cultured with Botrytis cinerea and it's inducing activity to B.xylophilus

摘要“松材线虫早期检测管诊断管”能从松树上诱引到松材线虫(Bx)，为了研究其作用的机理，本论文设计了一条新的思路，分别以灭菌的淡水沙和水琼脂平板为基质，研究了各种因素对Bx移行的影响，并从灰葡萄孢发酵液中逐级分离提取各种组分，以滤纸片法分析其中对Bx移行起诱引作用的物质。主要结果如下：病木对Bx的诱引力较强，经高压灭菌后诱引能力虽有所下降，但差值不大，说明在病木中对Bx起诱引作用的物质并没有因高压灭菌而完全失去，这与某些人“吸引物质为挥发性物质”的推测相左；但松皮浸出液对Bx并没有什么明显的吸引作用，而灰葡萄孢对Bx的诱引力一直比较稳定。Bx对不同真菌的选择性强弱依次为：灰葡萄孢>盘多毛...Abstract The present Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Bx) rapid detecting tube prepared by our lab can induce the Bx from the pine trees. To study the inducing mechanism, in this paper, we designed a new way to study the influence of different factors on the Bursaphelenchus xylophilus migration behavior based on the sterile sand tray and agar flat as the migration matrixes. We also separated differen...学位：理学硕士院系专业：生命科学学院生物学系_动物学学号：20042610

Fast Detection of Pine Wood Nematode

从形态学检测、化学生化检测、分子生物学检测3个方面,对现行的松材线虫的快速检测技术进行了综述。The present fast detection techniques of pine wood nematode was summarized from 3 aspects of morphologic detection,chemical-biochemical detection and molecular biological detection.国家自然科学基金面上项目(30470234

Extraction of active components from the fungus Botrytis cinerea and their attraction to the pinewood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus

分别以灭菌的淡水细砂和琼脂平板为基质,研究了不同真菌对松材线虫移行的影响,并从灰葡萄孢发酵液中逐级分离提取各种组分,以滤纸片法分析其中对松材线虫移行起作用的物质。结果表明:病木对松材线虫的诱引力较强,经高压灭菌后诱引能力虽有所下降,但下降不大,说明在病木中对松材线虫起诱引作用的物质并没有因高压灭菌而完全丧失,这与“吸引物质为挥发性物质“的推测相矛盾;但松树皮对松材线虫并没有什么明显的吸引作用,而灰葡萄孢对松材线虫的诱引力一直比较稳定。松材线虫对不同真菌的选择性强弱依次为:灰葡萄孢、盘多毛、酵母、空白(Ck),证明灰葡萄孢是其中对松材线虫最具吸引力的真菌。灰葡萄孢菌液经葡萄糖凝胶lH-20柱层析分离后的生测结果说明,灰葡萄孢菌液的活性物质主要存在于胞外有机相(乙酸乙酯相)中,可能是醇溶性化合物。但随着混合物的逐步分离,对松材线虫的吸引力和稳定性逐渐降低,证明对松材线虫的吸引活性是灰葡萄孢菌液的胞外有机相中几种物质协同作用的结果。supportedbyNationalNaturalScienceFundationofChina(30470234

钛合金表面渗氮层与TiAlN耦合涂层的结构及性能

研究了在钛合金表面渗氮-离子镀TiAlN膜复合处理与单一离子镀TiAlN膜处理工艺对钛合金力学性能、海水环境下的摩擦学的影响。采用SEM S4800、XRD、XPS、纳米压痕仪,观察了薄膜的表面及截面形貌,分析了渗氮后的钛合金表面、单涂层及复合涂层的相组成变化,化学成分和元素价态,测试了两种样品硬度随深度的变化。结果表明,复合涂层中择优取向(200)晶面明显,复合涂层渗氮后基底硬度增加,薄膜硬度下降速度慢,有利于提高涂层的耐磨性,且在海水润滑作用下,短时间摩擦过程中复合涂层的磨损量最小

干旱内陆河流域水盐监测与模型研究及应用

课题的研究内容包括：流域、灌区、田间、剖面尺度水盐监测网点的布设与监测；水均衡参数的试验及土壤水盐动力学模型与土壤水盐均衡模型的构建；干旱区水盐平衡模型理论与推广应用；水盐平衡与地下水数值模型在开孔河流域重点工程规划中的应用；土壤水模型模拟节水灌溉与土壤盐碱化防治的关系；开孔河流域平原灌区最佳地下水埋深以及调控模式；近50年博斯腾湖与孔雀河水盐演变过程；地下水质模拟与水源地保护区域划分研究。所取得的科研成果可以广泛应用于干旱内陆河流域水资源评价和水、土资源管理，必将产生巨大的生态效益、经济效益和社会效益

Aripiprazole versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia

BACKGROUND: In most western industrialised countries, second generation (atypical) antipsychotics are recommended as first line drug treatments for people with schizophrenia. In this review we specifically examine how the efficacy and tolerability of one such agent - aripiprazole - differs from that of other comparable second generation antipsychotics. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of aripiprazole compared with other atypical antipsychotics for people with schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychoses. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group Trials Register (November 2011), inspected references of all identified studies for further trials, and contacted relevant pharmaceutical companies, drug approval agencies and authors of trials for additional information. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included all randomised clinical trials (RCTs) comparing aripiprazole (oral) with oral and parenteral forms of amisulpride, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, sertindole, ziprasidone or zotepine for people with schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like psychoses. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We extracted data independently. For dichotomous data we calculated risk ratios (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) on an intention-to-treat basis based on a random-effects model. Where possible, we calculated illustrative comparative risks for primary outcomes. For continuous data, we calculated mean differences (MD), again based on a random-effects model. We assessed risk of bias for each included study. MAIN RESULTS: We included 12 trials involving 6389 patients. Aripiprazole was compared to olanzapine, risperidone and ziprasidone. All trials were sponsored by an interested drug manufacturer. The overall number of participants leaving studies early was 30% to 40%, limiting validity (no differences between groups).When compared with olanzapine no differences were apparent for global state (no clinically important change: n = 703, 1 RCT, RR short-term 1.00 95% CI 0.81 to 1.22; n = 317, 1 RCT, RR medium-term 1.08 95% CI 0.95 to 1.22) but mental state tended to favour olanzapine (n = 1360, 3 RCTs, MD total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) 4.68 95% CI 2.21 to 7.16). There was no significant difference in extrapyramidal symptoms (n = 529, 2 RCTs, RR 0.99 95% CI 0.62 to 1.59) but fewer in the aripiprazole group had increased cholesterol levels (n = 223, 1 RCT, RR 0.32 95% CI 0.19 to 0.54) or weight gain of 7% or more of total body weight (n = 1095, 3 RCTs, RR 0.39 95% CI 0.28 to 0.54).When compared with risperidone, aripiprazole showed no advantage in terms of global state (n = 384, 2 RCTs, RR no important improvement 1.14 95% CI 0.81 to 1.60) or mental state (n = 372, 2 RCTs, MD total PANSS 1.50 95% CI -2.96 to 5.96).One study compared aripiprazole with ziprasidone (n = 247) and both the groups reported similar change in the global state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD average change in Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) score -0.03 95% CI -0.28 to 0.22) and mental state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD change PANSS -3.00 95% CI -7.29 to 1.29).When compared with any one of several new generation antipsychotic drugs the aripiprazole group showed improvement in global state in energy (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.69 95% CI 0.56 to 0.84), mood (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.77 95% CI 0.65 to 0.92), negative symptoms (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.82 95% CI 0.68 to 0.99), somnolence (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.80 95% CI 0.69 to 0.93) and weight gain (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.84 95% CI 0.76 to 0.94). Significantly more people given aripiprazole reported symptoms of nausea (n = 2881, 3 RCTs, RR 3.13 95% CI 2.12 to 4.61) but weight gain (7% or more of total body weight) was less common in people allocated aripiprazole (n = 330, 1 RCT, RR 0.35 95% CI 0.19 to 0.64). Aripiprazole may have value in aggression but data are limited. This will be the focus of another review. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Information on all comparisons are of limited quality, are incomplete and problematic to apply clinically. Aripiprazole is an antipsychotic drug with a variant but not absent adverse effect profile. Long-term data are sparse and there is considerable scope for another update of this review as new data emerges from the many Chinese studies as well as from ongoing larger, independent pragmatic trials