类泛素蛋白及其中文命名

泛素家族包括泛素及类泛素蛋白,约20种成员蛋白.近年来,泛素家族领域取得了迅猛发展,并已与生物学及医学研究的各个领域相互交叉.泛素家族介导的蛋白质降解和细胞自噬机制的发现分别于2004和2016年获得诺贝尔奖.但是,类泛素蛋白并没有统一规范的中文译名. 2018年4月9日在苏州召开的《泛素家族介导的蛋白质降解和细胞自噬》专著的编委会上,部分作者讨论了类泛素蛋白的中文命名问题,并在随后的\"泛素家族、自噬与疾病\"(Ubiquitinfamily,autophagy anddiseases)苏州会议上提出了类泛素蛋白中文翻译草案,此草案在参加该会议的国内学者及海外华人学者间取得了高度共识.冷泉港亚洲\"泛素家族、自噬与疾病\"苏州会议是由美国冷泉港实验室主办、两年一度、面向全球的英文会议.该会议在海内外华人学者中具有广泛影响,因此,参会华人学者的意见具有一定的代表性.本文介绍了10个类别的类泛素蛋白的中文命名,系统总结了它们的结构特点,并比较了参与各种类泛素化修饰的酶和它们的生物学功能.文章由45名从事该领域研究的专家合作撰写,其中包括中国工程院院士1名,相关学者4名,长江学者3名,国家杰出青年科学基金获得者18名和美国知名高校华人教授4名.他们绝大多数是参加编写即将由科学出版社出版的专著《泛素家族介导的蛋白质降解和细胞自噬》的专家

Effects of Water and Density on Soil Respiration in Vegetated Grassland in Wind-Water Erosion Crisscross Region

为研究黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错带不同水分与密度处理的人工苜蓿和沙打旺草地土壤呼吸特征,分析了人工草地土壤呼吸对水分和密度的响应及其与环境因子的关系。结果表明:水分增加能够显著促进黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错带人工草地土壤呼吸速率(P<0.01),土壤呼吸对不同密度处理的响应特征因草地植被类型不同而异,土壤呼吸速率的季节变化对水分增加和密度响应不敏感。土壤水分是土壤呼吸的限制因子,土壤温度与土壤呼吸速率在6-7月份(旱季后期)相关性不明显,8月份后(雨季)相关性增强。土壤呼吸与表层土壤水分和温度有着显著的耦合关系,加水减弱了苜蓿草地土壤呼吸对水分和温度的依赖,而未改变沙打旺草地土壤呼吸对表层土壤水分和温度的依赖

State-space simulation of soil surface water content in grassland of northern Loess Plateau

为探明黄土高原北部草地表层土壤水分空间分布特征及其与环境因素的关系,该文用自回归状态空间模型和经典统计的线性回归模型对该区草地表层土壤含水率的分布状况进行了模拟。结果表明,状态空间方程可以应用于环境因素复杂的黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错区,其拟合效果优于线性回归模型。单因素中基于饱和导水率的模拟效果最佳(R2=0.936);多因素模拟中以饱和导水率+海拔+凋落物模拟效果最佳(R2=0.976),可以很好地解释表层土壤水分的变异状况。自回归状态空间模型可用于研究黄土高原北部水蚀风蚀交错区表层土壤水分与其他因素的空间关系

煤矸石智能分拣机器人研究进展与关键技术

煤矿井下矸石被煤泥包裹，煤矸石识别难、分拣难；井下工作空间狭小，设备布局难、煤矸石分流难，因此，需要研发高性能、高可靠的煤矸石智能分拣机器人。分析了煤矸石智能分拣机器人中煤矸石识别、机器人轨迹规划、多动态目标多机器人协同控制技术的研究现状。指出煤矸石分拣工作环境复杂，其质量和形状不规则且呈随机分布，因此，复杂环境下煤矸石识别与抓取特征提取、非结构环境下煤矸石稳定可靠抓取、多目标任务多机器人智能协同分拣是煤矸石分拣智能机器人的3大关键技术，提出要实现机器人智能分拣煤矸石，还应在适应于井下的煤矸石识别与抓取特征提取、动态目标精确定位和同步跟踪、机械臂在线轨迹规划和多机械臂智能协同控制等方法上进行深入研究。通过对上述3大关键技术的梳理，总结得出：煤矸石数据集构建与扩增、煤矸石识别与抓取特征提取是实现煤矸石高效识别的关键技术；动态煤矸石精准跟踪、机械臂同步跟踪动态目标轨迹规划和快速大质量目标稳定抓取是实现机械臂稳定抓取煤矸石的关键技术；多任务高效分配、防碰撞路径规划和智能协同控制是实现多机械臂高效智能协同分拣的关键技术。针对目前存在的共性问题，提出了解决方案：在识别方面，研究基于多模态深度学习的煤矸石识别与抓取特征提取方法，实现井下煤矸石快速识别；在轨迹规划方面，研究动态煤矸石精准定位和实时跟踪方法，实现机器人对动态煤矸石的自适应稳定抓取；在协同分拣方面，构建多层多机械臂协同控制模型，实现多机械臂复杂环境下高效智能协同分拣

Gene analysis of acute sporadic HEV in the southern areas of China

目的进一步证实我国南方地区存在戊型肝炎病毒（HEV）不同的基因序列。方法用逆转录套式聚合酶链反应（rT-nESTEdPCr）检测8例厦门地区急性散发性成型肝炎患者血清中的HEVrnA，其中2例阳性；测定了广州分离株g93—2株病毒第5代培养液的HEVrnA。对阳性PCr产物进行克隆、核苷酸序列分析。结果厦门株X-S1与广州g93-2株病毒核苷酸和氨基酸序列的同源性为992%和975%；厦门株（X-S1）和广州株（g93-2）与缅甸株（bur—121）和我国新疆株（87A）的核苷酸和氨基酸序列的同源性为79.9%和86.3%，与墨西哥株的同源性为774%和%.3%。结论经序列分析结果进一步证实我国南方地区确实存在一种不同的HEV基因型。ON.ctiv.To investigate the existing different bine wnuences of tiepatitis E virus (HEV)in the southern areas of China.Methods Eight acute--phase sera of sporadic patients with hepatitis E inXiamen were tested by reverse transcription-- polymerase chain reaction(RT -- P C R ).Two cases of them werepositive.The fad pessagu culture of Guamphou G93--2 Strain of HEV was also detected by RT--PCR.Thepositive RT--PCR products underwent cloning and nucleotide wnuencing.R.sults The homology of nucleotide and the amino acid between Xiamen X-S1 and Guangzhou G93--2 strain are 99.2% and 97.5%.Thehomology of nucleotide and the amino acid wnuences of Xiamen Strain and GuangZhou strain are 79.9%and 86.3% compared with the Burmese Strain (Bur--121) and our country Xitoiang Strain (87A), and are77.4% and 86.3% against Median Strain.Conclu.ion The results suggest that there is a different grnotypeof HEV in the southern areas of China.总后卫生部基金!960803

35MeV／u~(36)Ar+~(112,124)Sn反应中中等质量碎片关联函数的入射道依赖

测量了35MeV／u36Ar+112,124Sn反应中小角关联出射的中等质量碎片(IMF)约化速度关联函数．结果表明36Ar+124Sn反应系统中的约化速度关联函数在小约化速度处的反关联程度比36Ar+112Sn反应系统中的强,表现出明显的入射道依赖性．考察出射粒子对的单核子总动量时,发现这种差异主要来自于高动量粒子对的贡献．用三体弹道理论模型MENEKA分别计算了两个系统的IMF发射时标,在36Ar+112Sn反应系统中约为150fm／c,而在36Ar+124Sn反应系统中,约为120fm／c．同位旋相关的量子分子动力学计算表明,36Ar+124Sn系统中IMF的发射时间谱比36Ar+112Sn系统略有前移,相应地,其中心密度从最高点随时间的下降亦比36Ar+112Sn系统略快

中能重离子碰撞中带电粒子多重性的同位旋效应

利用兰州4π带电粒子探测器阵列测量带电粒子多重性,研究了55MeV/u ~(40)Ar+~(58,64)Ni核反应中He和中等质量碎片的产额与反应系统同位旋的关系,以及这种同位旋效应与反应系统的碰撞参数(即碰撞的激烈程度)、系统的激发能的变化关系,对两个反应系统,观察到带电粒子多重性中He的比分随带电粒子多重性的增加而增大,带电粒子多重性中IMF的比分随带电粒子多重性的增加而先增大,后减小的规律.两个反应系统虽然具有相同的核电荷数,但轻粒子He和中等质量碎片在多重性中的比分有明显的同位旋相关性

Aripiprazole versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia

BACKGROUND: In most western industrialised countries, second generation (atypical) antipsychotics are recommended as first line drug treatments for people with schizophrenia. In this review we specifically examine how the efficacy and tolerability of one such agent - aripiprazole - differs from that of other comparable second generation antipsychotics. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of aripiprazole compared with other atypical antipsychotics for people with schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychoses. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group Trials Register (November 2011), inspected references of all identified studies for further trials, and contacted relevant pharmaceutical companies, drug approval agencies and authors of trials for additional information. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included all randomised clinical trials (RCTs) comparing aripiprazole (oral) with oral and parenteral forms of amisulpride, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, sertindole, ziprasidone or zotepine for people with schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like psychoses. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We extracted data independently. For dichotomous data we calculated risk ratios (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) on an intention-to-treat basis based on a random-effects model. Where possible, we calculated illustrative comparative risks for primary outcomes. For continuous data, we calculated mean differences (MD), again based on a random-effects model. We assessed risk of bias for each included study. MAIN RESULTS: We included 12 trials involving 6389 patients. Aripiprazole was compared to olanzapine, risperidone and ziprasidone. All trials were sponsored by an interested drug manufacturer. The overall number of participants leaving studies early was 30% to 40%, limiting validity (no differences between groups).When compared with olanzapine no differences were apparent for global state (no clinically important change: n = 703, 1 RCT, RR short-term 1.00 95% CI 0.81 to 1.22; n = 317, 1 RCT, RR medium-term 1.08 95% CI 0.95 to 1.22) but mental state tended to favour olanzapine (n = 1360, 3 RCTs, MD total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) 4.68 95% CI 2.21 to 7.16). There was no significant difference in extrapyramidal symptoms (n = 529, 2 RCTs, RR 0.99 95% CI 0.62 to 1.59) but fewer in the aripiprazole group had increased cholesterol levels (n = 223, 1 RCT, RR 0.32 95% CI 0.19 to 0.54) or weight gain of 7% or more of total body weight (n = 1095, 3 RCTs, RR 0.39 95% CI 0.28 to 0.54).When compared with risperidone, aripiprazole showed no advantage in terms of global state (n = 384, 2 RCTs, RR no important improvement 1.14 95% CI 0.81 to 1.60) or mental state (n = 372, 2 RCTs, MD total PANSS 1.50 95% CI -2.96 to 5.96).One study compared aripiprazole with ziprasidone (n = 247) and both the groups reported similar change in the global state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD average change in Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) score -0.03 95% CI -0.28 to 0.22) and mental state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD change PANSS -3.00 95% CI -7.29 to 1.29).When compared with any one of several new generation antipsychotic drugs the aripiprazole group showed improvement in global state in energy (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.69 95% CI 0.56 to 0.84), mood (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.77 95% CI 0.65 to 0.92), negative symptoms (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.82 95% CI 0.68 to 0.99), somnolence (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.80 95% CI 0.69 to 0.93) and weight gain (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.84 95% CI 0.76 to 0.94). Significantly more people given aripiprazole reported symptoms of nausea (n = 2881, 3 RCTs, RR 3.13 95% CI 2.12 to 4.61) but weight gain (7% or more of total body weight) was less common in people allocated aripiprazole (n = 330, 1 RCT, RR 0.35 95% CI 0.19 to 0.64). Aripiprazole may have value in aggression but data are limited. This will be the focus of another review. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Information on all comparisons are of limited quality, are incomplete and problematic to apply clinically. Aripiprazole is an antipsychotic drug with a variant but not absent adverse effect profile. Long-term data are sparse and there is considerable scope for another update of this review as new data emerges from the many Chinese studies as well as from ongoing larger, independent pragmatic trials