On Cultural Models and Cross-cultural Translation—From a Cognitive Perspective

在二十一世纪的背景下，人们之间的交往比以往更加频繁。虽然人们理解外语的字面意义，但因文化差异经常造成误解。在此情况下，翻译不但是语言活动，而且也是跨文化交流。本论文从认知的角度研究翻译者如何扮演文化中介者的角色促进跨文化交流。由于不同的理解和研究视角，社会学家和人类学家对文化做了多种定义。本论文从认知的视角研究跨文化交流，所以文化被视为社会群体共有的认知模型，称文化模型。文化受多种因素的影响，而且大部分因素处在“冰山理论”的水面下，阻碍文化交流。文化中介者首先应了解语言使用者的认知机制。认知语言学认为人的概念化建立在经验的基础上。通过经验在语言和客观世界间建立一个中间层面，即概念结构。意义是概...In the background of the twenty-first century, people speaking different languages are more frequently communicating with each other than ever before. Although people understand the literal meanings of words, misunderstandings may often arise because of cultural differences. What can a translator do to promote understanding between cultures? Under such circumstances, translation is not merely a li...学位：文学硕士院系专业：外文学院外文系_英语语言文学学号：20020400

Development and Application of Replacement of Macro Program for Open CNC System

利用纯软件开放式数控系统的开放性特点,通过对美国SOfT SErVO SySTEM(3S)公司的SErVOWOrkS CnC纯软件开放式数控系统的二次开发,在未开启数控系统宏程序功能的前提下,实现磨床自动磨削功能。这种面向开放式数控系统的宏程序替代功能开发方法,为降低机床数控化改造成本提供了一条有效的途径。Taking advantage of the characteristics of pure-soft open CNC systems,ServoWorks CNC system of Soft Servo System(3S) company in United States was secondarily developed and auto-grinding function was realized under the premise of CNC systems macro program was not turned on.The method of developing macro substitution function for open CNC system provide an effective way to reduce the cost of numerical control innovation for machine tools

A method of CNC handwheel connection based on serial communication

为了解决总线模式数控系统中手轮信号采集、传输难的问题,采用了一种新型的手轮连接方式,即通过工业计算机现有的串口读取手轮的脉冲信号,经特定程序识别处理后,交由数控系统内核以完成相应的运动控制。实验结果表明,利用串口实现手轮连接,不仅能够达到传统连接方式下手轮工作的全部性能指标,而且能减少硬件数量,降低系统成本,简化系统结构,有利于进一步提高系统的可靠性。Aiming at the difficulty of handwheel's signal collection and transmission in CNC bus mode system,a new type of handwheel connection was used to read the handwheel pulses signal through the serial port of industrial computer,the signal was sent to the CNC system kernel and executed the corresponding motion control after a specific procedure.The results indicate that this method not only can work well compared with the traditional communication,but also reduce the number of hardware and cost,simplify the system structure,and it can be conducive to further enhance the reliability of the system

Determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in sediment by automatic solid phase extraction and chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry

建立了全自动固相萃取-三重四级杆串联质谱同时测定沉积物中27种多氯联苯的分析方法。样品经1; :1(体积比)丙酮正己烷超声提取后经全自动固相萃取仪净化,采用气相色谱/三重四级杆串联质谱在多反映监测模式(MRM)下进行测定。在MRM模式下用; 两对离子对对多氯联苯进行分析,对母离子进行了碰撞能优化;27种多氯联苯的线性范围为2~200 mug/L,线性的相关系数(r~2) > 0.; 9945,方法检出限在0. 023~0. 060 mug/kg之间,加标回收率为84. 0%~118%,相对标准偏差< 6. 5%。An analytical method was established for simultaneous determination of; 27 polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) residues in sediment by automatic; solid phase extraction and gas chromatography coupled with triple; quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC/MS/MS) . The samples were extracted; with acetone hexane,cleaned up by automatic solid phase extracter,then; analyzed by GC/MS/MS using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. As; the results showed,27 PCBs were analyzed in the MRM mode using two pairs; of ions. The collision energy of the parent ion was optimized. The liner; range of 27 PCBs were all larger than 0. 9945,the method detection; limits (MDLs) were form 0. 023 mug/kg to 0. 060 mug/kg, the average; recovery rate were in the range of 84. 0% ~118% and the RSD were less; than 6. 5%. The method was proved to be highly automated,; simple,selective with good reproducibility and it can be suitable for; the trace analysis of PCBs in sediment.厦门南方海洋研究中心海洋生态环境监测和水产品检测服务平台项目基

企业信用危机与受信管理

企业信用缺失会导致信用需求扩张与信用供给萎缩,进而引发信用危机。加强信用管理是防止企业信用危机重要路径。企业的信用管理包括授信管理和受信管理两个方面。目前我国论坛上论及较多的是以防止坏账风险和坏账损失为目标的授信管理,而对以提升企业自身信用度为目标的受信管理的研究却是少有问津。以企业自身应付账款管理为重点,以维护、提升企业信用度为目标,侧重对企业信用危机传导机制、企业受信管理主要特点以及企业受信管理主要内容,进行较为全面、系统的探索是十分必要

试论关联交易转移定价的税务规范

关联交易具有一定的积极作用 ,但是 ,如果滥用非正常的关联交易 ,则会对国家税收、中小投资者和债权人利益、资本市场健康发展等造成不利影响。转移定价是关联交易的核心问题。从税收角度而言 ,企业 (特别是一些外商投资企业 )滥用关联交易转移定价 ,往往会造成国家税收的流失 ,因此 ,应当加强关联交易转移定价的税务规范。有必要在对国内外关联交易转移定价税务规范进行比较的基础上 ,对我国关联交易转移定价的税务规范提出若干建议

Study on the risk factors for intrauterine infection of hepatitis B virus among pregnant women

目的探讨厦门市孕妇乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)感染情况和HBV宫内感染的影响因素。方法在1; 064名孕妇第一次到医院建立孕产妇保健卡时进行问卷调查并检测其血清乙肝标志物,根据检测结果选择外周血乙型肝炎表面抗原(hepatitis B; surface antigen,HBsAg)阳性的产妇179例随访至其分娩,并采集其分娩时的脐血和胎盘组织。对脐血进行HBsAg和HBV; DNA的检测,对胎盘组织进行HBsAg的检测。采用chi~2检验和非条件Logistic回归分析相关因素与HBV宫内感染的关系。结果被调查的1; 064名孕妇中,HBsAg阳性的孕妇共179名,感染率为16.8%。对179名HBsAg阳性的孕妇的脐血进行检测发现,发生HBV宫内感染的孕妇共; 34名,感染率为19.0%。孕妇HBV宫内感染的危险因素为胎盘HBsAg阳性、孕妇血清乙型肝炎E抗原(hepatitis B e; antigen,HBeAg)阳性、孕前超重,OR分别为5.123(95% CI:1.422 ~ 18.413)、4.619(95%; CI:1.225 ~ 17.534)、 3.343(95% CI:1.233 ~; 9.092)。结论对于HBsAg和HBeAg双阳性的超重/肥胖孕妇,其新生儿可能发生HBV宫内感染,应加强自身防护措施,合理规避HBV宫内感染风; 险。Objective To investigate the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV); infection in pregnant women and the risk factors for Intrauterine; infection of HBV among pregnant women in Xiamen. Methods Total 1 064; pregnant women were included in this study. A questionnaire was; performed to collect the general information of the subjects and HBV; infection status was tested on the first day when they came to the; hospital. Then HBsAg positive pregnant women were selected and followed; until delivery. We collected their cord blood and placenta tissue when; they delivery. HBsAg and HBV DNA in cord blood and HBsAg in placental; tissue were detected. Chi-square test and the non-conditional Logistic; regression analysis were conducted to investigate the correlation; between HBV intrauterine infection and risk factors. Results 179 out of; the 1 064 pregnant women were HBsAg positive. The infection rate was; 16.8%. 34 out of 179 HBsAg positive pregnant women were found; intrauterine transmission with a rate of 19.0%. The risk factors for the; occurrence of HBV intrauterine transmission were placenta HBsAg positive; (OR = 5.123, 95% CI:1.422-18.413),mothers with hepatitis B e; antigen(HBeAg) positive (OR = 4.619, 95% CI:1.225-17.534) and; overweight(OR = 3.343, 95% CI:1.233-9.092), respectively. Conclusions; Placenta HBsAg positive,mothers with HBeAg positive and overweight are; independent risk factors for the occurrence of HBV intrauterine; transmission.国家自然科学基金; 厦门市科技计划项

市场经济与集体主义价值观

我国是一个社会主义国家,集体主义价值观为我国价值观的核心,然而,目前,在社会主义市场经济体制下,伴随市场经济的快速发展,集体主义价值观却逐步衰弱。文章通过对市场经济形成以及运作的基础,以及个人主义与集体主义价值观的内涵及差别的分析,以期明确市场经济的发展与集体主义价值观是否存在冲突,以及其与个人主义价值观是否存在正向促进,进而探究引致价值观变化的原因

Knot Placement of B-spline Curves with Equally Spaced Geometric Information

受每个节点区间应该具有相同建模能力的启发,提出一种基于几何信息均分的B样条曲线节点设置算法.首先放置少量节点,以每个节点区间具有相等的几何信息量; 准则来确定节点的位置;为了提高样条的建模能力,根据上一次迭代中的拟合误差确定加细节点区间并使新节点均分该节点区间的几何信息.该算法可以快速有效地; 得到用户指定精度的逼近曲线.通过对一些具有不同几何复杂度的实例进行实验的结果表明,文中算法是有效的;与现有的2种算法相比,; 该算法在相同控制顶点的情况下能够得到更高精度的逼近结果.Motivated by the observation that each knot interval should be of the; same modeling ability, a knot placement algorithm based on equally; spaced geometric information for B-spline curves is proposed. In the; algorithm, a few of knots are determined according to the principle that; each knot interval is of the same amount of geometric information at the; initial iteration. In order to improve the modeling ability of the; B-splines, the knot interval needed to be refined is determined by the; last fitting errors and the new knot inserted is placed to equally space; the accumulated geometric information in the knot interval. Via the; adaptive knot placement algorithm, approximated curve with specified; tolerance can be produced rapidly and efficiently. Several models with; distinct geometric complexities are tested to demonstrate the efficacy; of our algorithm in fitting curves. Comparing to other two available; methods, more accurate results can be obtained by our method with the; same number of control points.国家自然科学基金; 福建省自然科学基金; 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资

Microbial Transformation of Gypenoside from Gynostemma pentaphyllum by Aspergullus glaucus and Its Biological Activities

以福建绞股蓝[Gynostemma pentaphyllum(Thunb)Makino]为材料,经乙醇提取和正丁醇萃取获得绞股蓝皂苷,利用灰绿曲霉(Aspergullus glaucus)微生物转化绞股蓝皂苷,通过测定绞股蓝皂苷和灰绿曲霉转化产物的抗癌、抗酪氨酸酶和抗氧化活性,比较绞股蓝皂苷经微生物转化修饰前后生物活性的差异.结果表明:灰绿曲霉转化产物对肝癌细胞SMMC7721有体外抑制作用,半抑制质量浓度(IC50)为91.66μg/m L,而绞股蓝皂苷抗癌效果不强;绞股蓝皂苷对蘑菇酪氨酸酶活力具有较强的抑制作用,IC50为0.14 mg/m L,其抑制作用属于可逆抑制,抑制类型为混合型抑制作用,而灰绿曲霉转化产物抗蘑菇酪氨酸酶活性较弱;绞股蓝皂苷和灰绿曲霉转化产物分别在0.2和2 mg/m L质量浓度下对DNA氧化损伤有保护作用.研究结果说明绞股蓝皂苷经微生物修饰后,抗癌效果增强,对蘑菇酪氨酸酶抑制作用和DNA氧化损伤保护作用减弱.该研究结果可为利用微生物转化法筛选抗癌绞股蓝皂苷奠定基础.Gynostemma pentaphyllum in Fujian Province was used as the material in this research.Gypenoside was extracted with ethanol and n-butyl alcohol. Gypenoside was microbially transformed by Aspergullus glaucus. The abilities of anticancer,anti-tyrosinase and anti-oxidation in gypenoside and transformation products were measured in our study.The difference of bioactivity between gypenoside and microbially transformed gypenoside was compared.The result showed that the products of transformation by A. glaucus affected the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cells SMMC7721 with half maximal inhibitory concentration( IC50) values of 91. 66 μg/m L,but the anticancer activity of gypenoside was very weak.Gypenoside had strong inhibition to the mushroom tyrosinase. The value of IC50 was 0. 14 mg / m L. Moreover,the products of transformation by A. glaucus showed little anti-tyrosinase acti-vity.The kinesis study showed that the inhibition of gypenoside to mushroom tyrosinase was reversible and inhibition types were mixed. Gypenoside exhibited the active protective effect on H2O2-induced oxidative-stress damage at the concentration of 0. 2 mg / m L,and the products of transformation by A. glaucus were at 2 mg / m L. This research indicated that the anticancer effect of gypenoside modified by microorganisms was enhanced,but the activity of anti-tyrosinase and H2O2-induced oxidativestress damage became weakened.This study laid the foundation of screening anticancer gypenoside by means of microbial transformation.国家自然科学基金(81274149);; 厦门市科技创新项目(3502Z20132009,3502Z20154083);; 厦门市对台科技合作项目(3502Z20141041