干旱区拟步甲水分散失速率的特征

不同时空分布的拟步甲(Teneberionidae)抗干旱能力存在着差异性,其抗干旱能力主要采用水分散失速率进行评价。在室内30℃恒温处理下,采用重量法测定了不同季节典型干旱环境下13种拟步甲水分散失速率,同时采用陷阱捕获法在野外调查了拟步甲种群动态,分析了不同时空拟步甲抗干旱能力。结果表明,夏季活动高峰种的拟步甲水分散失速率明显小于春季活动高峰种,但夏季活动高峰种致死中时间(LT50)与最大死亡时间(Tmax)比春季活动高峰种大;不同干旱环境下的拟步甲水分散失速率也存在差异性,表现为干旱绿洲区>干旱荒漠区>极度干旱区,而LT50与Tmax的大小顺序与水分散失速率相反,表明了夏季活动高峰种的拟步甲抗干旱能力大于春季活动高峰种,极度干旱地区的拟步甲更能忍耐干旱环境

一株嗜碱产甲烷八叠球菌的分离鉴定与系统发育分析

在15℃条件下用产甲烷菌培养基对采自四川省红原县的牦牛粪进行富集培养,采用Hungate厌氧操作技术从富集培养物中分离得到一株在8~45℃范围生长、最适生长pH为8.5的嗜碱产甲烷菌T13.该菌株革兰氏染色阳性,细胞聚集体,在液体培养基中为肉眼可见的颗粒状物,在固体培养基上菌落为淡黄色桑葚状;可利用甲醇、乙酸盐和甲胺作为唯一碳源生长;对氯霉素和庆大霉素敏感;生长pH范围为6.5~9.5;最适NaCl浓度为0~0.15 mol L-1;最适生长温度为30℃.形态和生理生化特征以及16S rDNA序列分析表明菌株T13为梅氏产甲烷八叠球菌（Methanosarcina mazei）.由于该菌最适生长pH为8.5,所以初步认为菌株T13是一株梅氏产甲烷八叠球菌的新菌株

Isolation, Identification and Phylogenetic Analysis of an Alkalophilic Methanosarcina

在15℃条件下用产甲烷菌培养基对采自四川省红原县的牦牛粪进行富集培养,采用Hungate厌氧操作技术从富集培养物中分离得到一株在8~45℃范围生长、最适生长pH为8.5的嗜碱产甲烷菌T13.该菌株革兰氏染色阳性,细胞聚集体,在液体培养基中为肉眼可见的颗粒状物,在固体培养基上菌落为淡黄色桑葚状;可利用甲醇、乙酸盐和甲胺作为唯一碳源生长;对氯霉素和庆大霉素敏感;生长pH范围为6.5~9.5;最适NaCl浓度为0~0.15 mol L-1;最适生长温度为30℃.形态和生理生化特征以及16S rDNA序列分析表明菌株T13为梅氏产甲烷八叠球菌(Methanosarcina mazei).由于该菌最适生长pH为8.5,所以初步认为菌株T13是一株梅氏产甲烷八叠球菌的新菌株. 更多还

MBE生长的跨导为186 mS/mm的AlGaN/GaN HEMT

用分子束外延(MBE)技术研制出了AlGaN/GaN高电子迁移率晶体管(HEMT)材料,其室温迁移率为1 035 cm2/Vs、二维电子气浓度为1.0×1013 cm-2;77 K迁移率为2 653 cm2/V*s、二维电子气浓度为9.6×1012 cm-2.用此材料研制了栅长为1 μm、栅宽为80 μm、源-漏间距为4 μm的AlGaN/GaN HEMT,其室温最大非本征跨导为186 mS/mm、最大漏极饱和电流密度为925 mA/mm、特征频率为18.8 GHz.另外,还研制了具有20个栅指(总栅宽为20×80 μm＝1.6 mm)的大尺寸器件,该器件的最大漏极饱和电流为1.33 A

Elementary Study on the Geochemical Behaviour of Cu,Pb,Cd in the Jiulong Estuary,Xiamen

于2006年4月采集厦门九龙江河口水样,测定其溶解、颗粒态Cu、Pb、Cd及相关水化学参数的含量.结果表明,厦门九龙江河口区表层海水中溶解态Cu、Pb、Cd的含量范围分别为0.96～2.16、1.02～2.49及0.16～0.44μg/L,平均值分别为1.52、1.60和0.34μg/L;颗粒态Cu、Pb、Cd的含量范围分别为0.26～3.40、0.11～6.00、0.000 4～0.028 0μg/L,平均值分别为1.08、1.61和0.0064μg/L.在垂直变化上,除Cd变化较小外,Cu和Pb浓度随深度增加而逐渐升高,其贡献主要来自底部沉积物再悬浮.九龙江河口溶解和颗粒态Cu、Pb、Cd的平均入海通量分别为6.57、6.91、1.47、4.66、6.96和0.027 kg/d.九龙江河口区表层水体中Cu、Pb、Cd的表观分配系数(Kd)分别为4.09、2.84和0.10 L/kg.3种金属在研究海域的固-液分配机制主要受"颗粒物浓度效应"影响,而Cd在低盐度区受到"盐度效应"的影响.Seawater samples collected from 7 stations of the Jiulong Estuary in April 2006 and analyzed for dissolved and particulate heavy metals including Cu,Pb and Cd.The range of concentrations of dissolved Cu,Pb,Cd were 0.96~2.16,1.02~2.49,0.16~0.44 μg/L,with average values of 1.52,1.60,0.34 μg/L,separately;while that of particulate phases were 0.26~3.40,0.11~6.00,0.000 4~0.028 0 μg/L,with mean values of 1.08,1.61,0.006 4 μg/L,separately.The vertical profile of three metals were also measured and was found that except the less change of Cd,the concentrations of copper and lead increased with depth.The main contributions were thought to be the re-suspended particles from surface sediments.The average flux of dissolved Cu,Pb and Cd from Jiulong River to coastal sea were estimated to be about 6.57,6.91,1.47 kg/d separately,while that of particulate phases were 4.66,6.96,0.027 kg/d,separately.Distribution coefficients(Kd) for metals between particulate(>0.45 μm) and dissolved(Pb>Cd in average.The average Kd of Cu,Pb and Cd were 4.09,2.84,0.105 L/kg,separately.The distribution of dissolved and particulate metals in studied area are mainly affected by the operation of the "Particle Concentration Effect",especially for Pb and Cu when salinity was above 11 ‰,while the inverse linear Kd versus salinity relationship for Cd was found when salinity below 11 ‰,which might be due to the operation of the "Salinity Effect".国家自然科学基金(40306012);; 福建省重点科技项目(2005Y021);; 福建省海洋与渔业局科技项目;; 厦门大学科技创新项目资

Aripiprazole versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia

BACKGROUND: In most western industrialised countries, second generation (atypical) antipsychotics are recommended as first line drug treatments for people with schizophrenia. In this review we specifically examine how the efficacy and tolerability of one such agent - aripiprazole - differs from that of other comparable second generation antipsychotics. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of aripiprazole compared with other atypical antipsychotics for people with schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychoses. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group Trials Register (November 2011), inspected references of all identified studies for further trials, and contacted relevant pharmaceutical companies, drug approval agencies and authors of trials for additional information. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included all randomised clinical trials (RCTs) comparing aripiprazole (oral) with oral and parenteral forms of amisulpride, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, sertindole, ziprasidone or zotepine for people with schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like psychoses. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We extracted data independently. For dichotomous data we calculated risk ratios (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) on an intention-to-treat basis based on a random-effects model. Where possible, we calculated illustrative comparative risks for primary outcomes. For continuous data, we calculated mean differences (MD), again based on a random-effects model. We assessed risk of bias for each included study. MAIN RESULTS: We included 12 trials involving 6389 patients. Aripiprazole was compared to olanzapine, risperidone and ziprasidone. All trials were sponsored by an interested drug manufacturer. The overall number of participants leaving studies early was 30% to 40%, limiting validity (no differences between groups).When compared with olanzapine no differences were apparent for global state (no clinically important change: n = 703, 1 RCT, RR short-term 1.00 95% CI 0.81 to 1.22; n = 317, 1 RCT, RR medium-term 1.08 95% CI 0.95 to 1.22) but mental state tended to favour olanzapine (n = 1360, 3 RCTs, MD total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) 4.68 95% CI 2.21 to 7.16). There was no significant difference in extrapyramidal symptoms (n = 529, 2 RCTs, RR 0.99 95% CI 0.62 to 1.59) but fewer in the aripiprazole group had increased cholesterol levels (n = 223, 1 RCT, RR 0.32 95% CI 0.19 to 0.54) or weight gain of 7% or more of total body weight (n = 1095, 3 RCTs, RR 0.39 95% CI 0.28 to 0.54).When compared with risperidone, aripiprazole showed no advantage in terms of global state (n = 384, 2 RCTs, RR no important improvement 1.14 95% CI 0.81 to 1.60) or mental state (n = 372, 2 RCTs, MD total PANSS 1.50 95% CI -2.96 to 5.96).One study compared aripiprazole with ziprasidone (n = 247) and both the groups reported similar change in the global state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD average change in Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) score -0.03 95% CI -0.28 to 0.22) and mental state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD change PANSS -3.00 95% CI -7.29 to 1.29).When compared with any one of several new generation antipsychotic drugs the aripiprazole group showed improvement in global state in energy (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.69 95% CI 0.56 to 0.84), mood (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.77 95% CI 0.65 to 0.92), negative symptoms (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.82 95% CI 0.68 to 0.99), somnolence (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.80 95% CI 0.69 to 0.93) and weight gain (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.84 95% CI 0.76 to 0.94). Significantly more people given aripiprazole reported symptoms of nausea (n = 2881, 3 RCTs, RR 3.13 95% CI 2.12 to 4.61) but weight gain (7% or more of total body weight) was less common in people allocated aripiprazole (n = 330, 1 RCT, RR 0.35 95% CI 0.19 to 0.64). Aripiprazole may have value in aggression but data are limited. This will be the focus of another review. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Information on all comparisons are of limited quality, are incomplete and problematic to apply clinically. Aripiprazole is an antipsychotic drug with a variant but not absent adverse effect profile. Long-term data are sparse and there is considerable scope for another update of this review as new data emerges from the many Chinese studies as well as from ongoing larger, independent pragmatic trials