类泛素蛋白及其中文命名

泛素家族包括泛素及类泛素蛋白,约20种成员蛋白.近年来,泛素家族领域取得了迅猛发展,并已与生物学及医学研究的各个领域相互交叉.泛素家族介导的蛋白质降解和细胞自噬机制的发现分别于2004和2016年获得诺贝尔奖.但是,类泛素蛋白并没有统一规范的中文译名. 2018年4月9日在苏州召开的《泛素家族介导的蛋白质降解和细胞自噬》专著的编委会上,部分作者讨论了类泛素蛋白的中文命名问题,并在随后的\"泛素家族、自噬与疾病\"(Ubiquitinfamily,autophagy anddiseases)苏州会议上提出了类泛素蛋白中文翻译草案,此草案在参加该会议的国内学者及海外华人学者间取得了高度共识.冷泉港亚洲\"泛素家族、自噬与疾病\"苏州会议是由美国冷泉港实验室主办、两年一度、面向全球的英文会议.该会议在海内外华人学者中具有广泛影响,因此,参会华人学者的意见具有一定的代表性.本文介绍了10个类别的类泛素蛋白的中文命名,系统总结了它们的结构特点,并比较了参与各种类泛素化修饰的酶和它们的生物学功能.文章由45名从事该领域研究的专家合作撰写,其中包括中国工程院院士1名,相关学者4名,长江学者3名,国家杰出青年科学基金获得者18名和美国知名高校华人教授4名.他们绝大多数是参加编写即将由科学出版社出版的专著《泛素家族介导的蛋白质降解和细胞自噬》的专家

Efficacy, Safety, and Immunogenicity of an Escherichia coliProduced Bivalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine: An Interim Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial

HPV是一种常见的生殖道感染病毒，高危型HPV持续性感染能够导致几乎所有的宫颈癌，其中HPV 16型和18型危害最大，可导致约70%的宫颈癌。预防性HPV疫苗有望减少甚至最终消灭由疫苗型别导致的宫颈癌，降低HPV相关的疾病负担。该研究是在全国4个中心5个现场的18-45岁健康女性中进行的多中心、随机、双盲、对照（戊肝疫苗）的三期临床试验，该研究结果证实我校自主研发的双价人乳头瘤病毒疫苗（大肠杆菌）具有良好的安全性、免疫原性和免疫持久性，可有效地预防HPV 16型和/或18型相关的宫颈高度癌前病变及持续性感染。 该论文报告了我校和厦门万泰沧海生物技术有限公司自主研发的双价人乳头瘤病毒疫苗（大肠杆菌）三期临床试验的期中分析结果。这是第一个进入临床试验并提交药品注册申请的国产人乳头瘤病毒疫苗（HPV疫苗），有望成为世界上第四个上市的HPV疫苗，受到世界卫生组织和盖茨基金会等国际组织的高度关注。 中国医学科学院肿瘤医院乔友林教授、我校吴婷教授、广西壮族自治区疾病预防控制中心李荣成主任医师、江苏省疾病预防控制中心胡月梅主任医师、北京大学人民医院魏丽惠教授、中国食品药品检定研究院李长贵研究员、中国医学科学院肿瘤医院陈汶教授为该论文的共同第一作者，我校张军教授、夏宁邵教授和中国医学科学院肿瘤医院乔友林教授为该论文的共同通讯作者。【Abstract】Background The high cost and insufficient supply of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines have slowed the pace of controlling cervical cancer. A phase 3 clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy, safety and immunogenicity of a novel Escherichia coli-produced bivalent HPV-16/18 vaccine. Methods A multi-centre, randomized, double-blind trial started on November 22, 2012, in China. In total, 7372 eligible women aged 18-45 years were age-stratified and randomly assigned to receiving 3 doses of the test or control (hepatitis E) vaccine at months 0, 1 and 6. Co-primary endpoints included high-grade genital lesions and persistent infection (over 6 months) associated with HPV-16/18. The primary analysis was performed on a per-protocol susceptible population of individuals who were negative for relevant HPV type-specific neutralizing antibodies (at day 0) and DNA (at day 0 through month 7) and who received 3 doses of the vaccine. This report presents data from a pre-specified interim analysis used for regulatory submission. Results In the per-protocol cohort, the efficacies against high-grade genital lesions and persistent infection were 100.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 55.6% to 100.0%, 0/3306 in the vaccine group vs. 10/3296 in the control group) and 97.8% (95% CI = 87.1% to 99.9%, 1/3240 vs. 45/3246), respectively. The side effects were mild. No vaccine-related serious adverse events were noted. Robust antibody responses for both types were induced and persisted for at least 42 months. Conclusions The Escherichia coli-produced HPV-16/18 vaccine is well tolerated and highly efficacious against HPV-16/18 associated high-grade genital lesions and persistent infection in women.This work was supported by grants from the Chinese National High-tech R&D Program (863 program, 2012AA02A408), the Chinese National Major Scientific and Technological Special Project for “Significant New Drug Development” (2018ZX09308010 and 2012ZX09101316), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81673240 and U1705283), the Fujian Provincial Major Scientific and Technological Project (2015YZ0002), the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (CIFMS, 2017-I2M-B&R-03, and 2016-I2M-1-019) and Xiamen Innovax. 该研究获得了国家高技术研究发展计划（863计划）、新药创制国家科技重大专项、国家自然科学基金、福建省科技重大专项、中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程基金以及厦门万泰沧海生物技术有限公司的资助

TRANSMISSION ATTRIBUTES OF BLASTING SEISMIC WAVE IN INTERFACE AND JUDGEMENT OF INTERFACE OBLIQUITY

地震波斜入射结构面时,会产生2种不同类型的透射波,引起波场极性变化.采用弹簧模型描述非充填型结构面,运用弹簧模型讨论爆破地震波在结构面的传播特性.研究结果表明,爆破地震波在结构面处的波形转换系数以及P,SV波峰值比和偏振角的变化规律均能有效反映结构面刚度和入射角变化.结合现场试验方案,提出计算P,SV波峰值比和偏振角的方法,建立偏振角与入射角和结构面透射系数的关系;由现场试验数据得到空间各测点的P,SV波峰值比和偏振角的变化规律,进而确定结构面倾角.现场试验结果表明,根据各测点的P,SV波峰值比和偏振角变化规律可以准确确定结构面倾

TRANSMISSION ATTRIBUTES OF BLASTING SEISMIC WAVE IN INTERFACE AND JUDGEMENT OF INTERFACE OBLIQUITY

地震波斜入射结构面时,会产生2种不同类型的透射波,引起波场极性变化.采用弹簧模型描述非充填型结构面,运用弹簧模型讨论爆破地震波在结构面的传播特性.研究结果表明,爆破地震波在结构面处的波形转换系数以及P,SV波峰值比和偏振角的变化规律均能有效反映结构面刚度和入射角变化.结合现场试验方案,提出计算P,SV波峰值比和偏振角的方法,建立偏振角与入射角和结构面透射系数的关系;由现场试验数据得到空间各测点的P,SV波峰值比和偏振角的变化规律,进而确定结构面倾角.现场试验结果表明,根据各测点的P,SV波峰值比和偏振角变化规律可以准确确定结构面倾

中能~(12)C+~(197)Au产物中Ir的同位素分布观测

以１２￣Ｃ（４７ＭｅＶ／ｕ）＋１９７￣Ａｕ靶，通过化学分离及γ谱学方法获得了Ｉｒ和Ｐｔ同位素产额。用测到的Ｐｔ累积产额对相应Ｉｒ同位素做了照射期内母体衰变修正，从而获得了很好的Ｉｒ同位素分布。讨论了Ａ＞１７０丰中子核产生截面、截面的Ｑｇｇ系统性和剩余激发能的问题。Yields of lr isotopes from 12C (47MeV/u) +197Au have been measured by using chemical separation and γ spectroscopy method. The lr isotope distribution was ob tained after correction for decay during the irradiation period by using the accutnulation yields of Pt. The cross sections of A>170 neutron - rich isotopes , the Qgg systematics of cross sections and the residual excitation energy of target - like frafpnents are discussed

小角度范围内弱束缚核~(17)F弹性散射微分截面的奇异行为(英文)

在兰州放射性束流线(RIBLL)上完成了17F／17O+208Pb的弹性散射微分截面角分布测量．分析了17F／17O弹性散射产物微分截面的对数(ln(dσ／dθ))随散射角平方(θ2)的依赖关系．结果表明,在所测量的角度范围内(6°-20°),17O的这一依赖关系可以用一条直线很好地拟合,而17F的这一依赖关系需要两条不同斜率的直线才能拟合．17F数据拟合中的这种斜率改变可能起因于17F的奇异结构．对其他实验组数据的分析支持以上的结论,即在一定的角度范围内,弱束缚核与稳定核相比,弹性散射产物微分截面的对数与散射角平方的依赖关系有明显的差异,这可以作为深入研究“晕核”和“皮核”的一个新探针

Aripiprazole versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia

BACKGROUND: In most western industrialised countries, second generation (atypical) antipsychotics are recommended as first line drug treatments for people with schizophrenia. In this review we specifically examine how the efficacy and tolerability of one such agent - aripiprazole - differs from that of other comparable second generation antipsychotics. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of aripiprazole compared with other atypical antipsychotics for people with schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychoses. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group Trials Register (November 2011), inspected references of all identified studies for further trials, and contacted relevant pharmaceutical companies, drug approval agencies and authors of trials for additional information. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included all randomised clinical trials (RCTs) comparing aripiprazole (oral) with oral and parenteral forms of amisulpride, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, sertindole, ziprasidone or zotepine for people with schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like psychoses. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We extracted data independently. For dichotomous data we calculated risk ratios (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) on an intention-to-treat basis based on a random-effects model. Where possible, we calculated illustrative comparative risks for primary outcomes. For continuous data, we calculated mean differences (MD), again based on a random-effects model. We assessed risk of bias for each included study. MAIN RESULTS: We included 12 trials involving 6389 patients. Aripiprazole was compared to olanzapine, risperidone and ziprasidone. All trials were sponsored by an interested drug manufacturer. The overall number of participants leaving studies early was 30% to 40%, limiting validity (no differences between groups).When compared with olanzapine no differences were apparent for global state (no clinically important change: n = 703, 1 RCT, RR short-term 1.00 95% CI 0.81 to 1.22; n = 317, 1 RCT, RR medium-term 1.08 95% CI 0.95 to 1.22) but mental state tended to favour olanzapine (n = 1360, 3 RCTs, MD total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) 4.68 95% CI 2.21 to 7.16). There was no significant difference in extrapyramidal symptoms (n = 529, 2 RCTs, RR 0.99 95% CI 0.62 to 1.59) but fewer in the aripiprazole group had increased cholesterol levels (n = 223, 1 RCT, RR 0.32 95% CI 0.19 to 0.54) or weight gain of 7% or more of total body weight (n = 1095, 3 RCTs, RR 0.39 95% CI 0.28 to 0.54).When compared with risperidone, aripiprazole showed no advantage in terms of global state (n = 384, 2 RCTs, RR no important improvement 1.14 95% CI 0.81 to 1.60) or mental state (n = 372, 2 RCTs, MD total PANSS 1.50 95% CI -2.96 to 5.96).One study compared aripiprazole with ziprasidone (n = 247) and both the groups reported similar change in the global state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD average change in Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) score -0.03 95% CI -0.28 to 0.22) and mental state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD change PANSS -3.00 95% CI -7.29 to 1.29).When compared with any one of several new generation antipsychotic drugs the aripiprazole group showed improvement in global state in energy (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.69 95% CI 0.56 to 0.84), mood (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.77 95% CI 0.65 to 0.92), negative symptoms (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.82 95% CI 0.68 to 0.99), somnolence (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.80 95% CI 0.69 to 0.93) and weight gain (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.84 95% CI 0.76 to 0.94). Significantly more people given aripiprazole reported symptoms of nausea (n = 2881, 3 RCTs, RR 3.13 95% CI 2.12 to 4.61) but weight gain (7% or more of total body weight) was less common in people allocated aripiprazole (n = 330, 1 RCT, RR 0.35 95% CI 0.19 to 0.64). Aripiprazole may have value in aggression but data are limited. This will be the focus of another review. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Information on all comparisons are of limited quality, are incomplete and problematic to apply clinically. Aripiprazole is an antipsychotic drug with a variant but not absent adverse effect profile. Long-term data are sparse and there is considerable scope for another update of this review as new data emerges from the many Chinese studies as well as from ongoing larger, independent pragmatic trials