ANALYSES ON LDH ISOENZYME AND PROTEIN FROM BOTH GUANGDONG STRAIN AND FUJIAN STRAIN OF ECHINOCHASMUS FUJIANENSIS

目的　探讨福建与广东两地福建棘隙吸虫生化特点。方法　用不连续聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳及薄层等电聚焦电泳等进行比较分析虫体乳酸脱氢酶 (LDH)同工酶和蛋白质。结果　福建与广东两地虫株都有 5种LDH同工酶 ,其中LDH1、LDH4 和LDH5的迁移率相同 ;蛋白质电泳都分离出 9条区带 ,其中有 7条带的等电点相同。但在LDH2 和LDH3 的迁移率 ,蛋白质区带的相对含量 ,同工酶的总活力与比活力 ,以及A和B亚基的含量等存在差异。结论　LDH同工酶与蛋白质的某些差异 ,可归因为基因型相似条件下所出现两地虫株生化遗传上差异Aim\ Inguired into the biochemical characteristrics of Echinochasmus fujianensis found in Fujian and Guangdong provinces. Methods\ Compared and analysed two strains by LDH isoenzyme eletrophoresis, discontinuous PAGE and thinlayer isoelectric equilibrium PAGE.Results\ Two strains both had five LDH isoenzyme, among them, LDH\-1、LDH\-4 and LDH\-5 had the same mobilities. There were nine bands in protein electrophoresis. Seven bands had the same isoelectric point.But there were differences in the mobilities of LDH\-2 and LDH\-3,the comparative amount of protein bands, total and specific activity of isoenzyme and the amount of A and B subunit. Conclusion Under the similar condition of genotypes, the differences of the biochemical inheritance can be contributed to the differences of LDH isoenzyme and protein.福建省科技计划基金资助项目!(No.98-Z-156);; 福建省“百千万人才”人选培养资金资助项

SURVEY OF MIXED INFECTIONS OF FISH-BORNE TREMATODES IN PINYUAN COUNTY AND DNA(RAPD)ANALYSIS

目的　调查广东省平远县棘隙吸虫及其他鱼源性吸虫混合感染情况。方法　对鱼类宿主取鱼鳃和鱼肉等组织 ,镜检囊蚴 ;用水洗过筛沉淀法粪检虫卵 ,部分虫卵阳性动物解剖检查。采用DNA -RAPD技术 ,比较福建棘隙吸虫广东株与福建株。结果　查出华支睾吸虫 (Clonorchissinensis)、东方次睾吸虫 (Metorchisorientalis)、福建棘隙吸虫 (Echinochasmusfujianensis)、日本棘隙吸虫 (E japonicus)、抱茎棘隙吸虫 (E perfoliatus)和钩棘单睾吸虫 (Haplorchispumilio) 6种。第二中间宿主为麦穗鱼等 11种 ,感染率 48 3% (182 / 377) ,有 92 4%的阳性鱼混合感染 2种以上吸虫囊蚴。保虫宿主狗、猫感染率 79 2 % (19/ 2 4) ,每只阳性动物均有 2种以上吸虫混合感染。 15个引物在福建棘隙吸虫广东株与福建株两者共获DNA片段 185个 ,共享度 (F) =0 984,遗传距离 (D) =0 0 16。结论　当地为人兽共患的多种鱼源性吸虫混合感染区。形态学观察和分子生物学检测结果相印证 ,福建棘隙吸虫广东株与福建棘隙吸虫福建株为同一虫种。Aim To seek the possible existence of mixed infections of Echinochasmus fujianensis and other fish-borne tremtodes in Pinyuan county,Guangdong.Methods Metacercariae of trematodes were detected from gills,muscles and some other tissues of freshwater fish and examintd under microscopy Sedimentation pocedures were used to observe parasite ova in stool Adult worms were obtained from definitive animal hosts upon dissection Experimental animal infection were performed from metacercariae of E fujianensis strains in Fujian and Guangdong,and it's DNA analysis Random amplified Polymorphic DNA(RAPD).Results Six species of trematodes were found,including Clonorchis sinensis,Metorchis orientalis,E fujanensis, E japonicus,E perfoliatus and Haplorchis pumilio Eleven species of freshwater fish comprising Pseudorasbora parve were identified as the second intermediate hosts,with an average positive rate of 48 33%(182/377) The overall mixed infection animal were contracted with 2 or more species Dogs and cats were detected to be reservoir hosts,the total infection rate being 79 2%(19/24).92 4% of infecded fish were contracted with 2 or 6 speies of the metacercariae of trematodes 185 DNA fragments were obtained by 15 primers,F=0 894 and D=0 016 between E fujianensis Guandong and Fujian strain Conclusion There are six species of fish-borne trematodes which may cause infections in human and animal in the regions E fujianensis Guangdong stain and Fujian strain are the same species福建省科技计划基金!资助项目 (No 98-Z - 1 56);; 福建省“百千万人才”人选培养资

轨道不平顺影响下高速列车齿轮传动系统的振动特性分析

为了分析高速列车齿轮传动系统在轨道不平顺激励影响下的振动特性变化规律，利用动力学软件SIMPACK建立包含齿轮传动系统的整车动力学模型，分别在大、小齿轮内部布置测点，进行无轨道不平顺和有轨道不平顺工况下的动力学仿真实验，获得高速列车时速250 km/h时大、小齿轮的振动加速度。对大、小齿轮横向、纵向和垂向振动加速度幅值进行频域分析，并对比分析了齿轮传动系统在有、无轨道不平顺工况的振动幅值、频谱分布。结果表明，由于轨道不平顺激励的影响，高速列车齿轮传动系统的横向、纵向和垂向振动加强，振动加速度均增幅明显，其中，垂向振动加速度变化幅值最大。齿轮传动系统的振动频率主要集中在0~400 Hz，小齿轮和大齿轮横向振动受轨道不平顺的影响规律一致，但小齿轮受到纵向振动的影响略小于大齿轮，小齿轮受到垂向振动的影响略大于大齿轮

一种新的隔离结构表面平坦化技术

為克服目前隔離結構平坦化技術在工藝控制、平坦化質量等方面存在的問題,提出了一種新的隔離結構表面平坦化工藝,即利用稠光刻膠做掩膜,結合反應離子刻蝕技術與濕法腐蝕技術,實現不同厚度隔離結構的平坦化。結果表明隔離結構邊緣陡峭,硅表面平坦均勻。In order to overcome the process and quality control problems, a new surfaceplanarization technology is presented in this paper. Using thick photoresist as mask, combiningreactive ion etching and wet etching, the surface planarization for isolation structure is realized.The results show that the isolation has a cliff edge and a planar silicon surface

Aripiprazole versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia

BACKGROUND: In most western industrialised countries, second generation (atypical) antipsychotics are recommended as first line drug treatments for people with schizophrenia. In this review we specifically examine how the efficacy and tolerability of one such agent - aripiprazole - differs from that of other comparable second generation antipsychotics. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of aripiprazole compared with other atypical antipsychotics for people with schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychoses. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group Trials Register (November 2011), inspected references of all identified studies for further trials, and contacted relevant pharmaceutical companies, drug approval agencies and authors of trials for additional information. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included all randomised clinical trials (RCTs) comparing aripiprazole (oral) with oral and parenteral forms of amisulpride, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, sertindole, ziprasidone or zotepine for people with schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like psychoses. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We extracted data independently. For dichotomous data we calculated risk ratios (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) on an intention-to-treat basis based on a random-effects model. Where possible, we calculated illustrative comparative risks for primary outcomes. For continuous data, we calculated mean differences (MD), again based on a random-effects model. We assessed risk of bias for each included study. MAIN RESULTS: We included 12 trials involving 6389 patients. Aripiprazole was compared to olanzapine, risperidone and ziprasidone. All trials were sponsored by an interested drug manufacturer. The overall number of participants leaving studies early was 30% to 40%, limiting validity (no differences between groups).When compared with olanzapine no differences were apparent for global state (no clinically important change: n = 703, 1 RCT, RR short-term 1.00 95% CI 0.81 to 1.22; n = 317, 1 RCT, RR medium-term 1.08 95% CI 0.95 to 1.22) but mental state tended to favour olanzapine (n = 1360, 3 RCTs, MD total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) 4.68 95% CI 2.21 to 7.16). There was no significant difference in extrapyramidal symptoms (n = 529, 2 RCTs, RR 0.99 95% CI 0.62 to 1.59) but fewer in the aripiprazole group had increased cholesterol levels (n = 223, 1 RCT, RR 0.32 95% CI 0.19 to 0.54) or weight gain of 7% or more of total body weight (n = 1095, 3 RCTs, RR 0.39 95% CI 0.28 to 0.54).When compared with risperidone, aripiprazole showed no advantage in terms of global state (n = 384, 2 RCTs, RR no important improvement 1.14 95% CI 0.81 to 1.60) or mental state (n = 372, 2 RCTs, MD total PANSS 1.50 95% CI -2.96 to 5.96).One study compared aripiprazole with ziprasidone (n = 247) and both the groups reported similar change in the global state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD average change in Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) score -0.03 95% CI -0.28 to 0.22) and mental state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD change PANSS -3.00 95% CI -7.29 to 1.29).When compared with any one of several new generation antipsychotic drugs the aripiprazole group showed improvement in global state in energy (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.69 95% CI 0.56 to 0.84), mood (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.77 95% CI 0.65 to 0.92), negative symptoms (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.82 95% CI 0.68 to 0.99), somnolence (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.80 95% CI 0.69 to 0.93) and weight gain (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.84 95% CI 0.76 to 0.94). Significantly more people given aripiprazole reported symptoms of nausea (n = 2881, 3 RCTs, RR 3.13 95% CI 2.12 to 4.61) but weight gain (7% or more of total body weight) was less common in people allocated aripiprazole (n = 330, 1 RCT, RR 0.35 95% CI 0.19 to 0.64). Aripiprazole may have value in aggression but data are limited. This will be the focus of another review. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Information on all comparisons are of limited quality, are incomplete and problematic to apply clinically. Aripiprazole is an antipsychotic drug with a variant but not absent adverse effect profile. Long-term data are sparse and there is considerable scope for another update of this review as new data emerges from the many Chinese studies as well as from ongoing larger, independent pragmatic trials