Corrosion environment evaluation and durability design requirements of coastal concrete bridge

依据JTg/T b07—01—2006《公路工程混凝土结构防腐技术规范》和gb/T 50476—2008《混凝土结构耐久性设计规范》,结合海南一个沿海混凝土大桥的具体环境条件和工程结构情况,对大桥所处腐蚀环境评价中环境分区、环境作用分级以及耐久性设计要求等问题进行了研究。大桥的环境作用分为一般环境、土中环境、海洋环境和滨海环境四个区域。一般环境处于海南东北部沿海腐蚀偏高范围,腐蚀性较高,分级提高加以考虑。土中环境主要由于砖红壤地质腐蚀加重的影响,在工程详细勘探和耐久性设计时给于关注。海洋环境由于海南炎热地区水温高、盐度高会加重腐蚀,耐久性设计中给于考虑。滨海环境主要考虑海洋大气影响范围扩大、影响程度增高、海水入侵和盐渍化影响会不断扩大范围和程度等,对滨海大气和滨海土壤环境的耐久性加以重视。在大桥的设计、施工的不同阶段贯彻和实施规范的技术措施是保证耐久性的关键,对特殊形式和部位的构件和结构耐久性要给于专门措施。According to JTG/T B07—01—2006"Specification for deterioration prevention of highway concrete structures"and GB/T 50476—2008"Code for durability design of concrete structures",The corrosion environmental classification,environmental action grade and durability design requirements of a coastal concrete bridge in Hainan province are researched combining the bridge environment condition and engineering structure.The environment condition of the bridge is divided into four districts:the general environment,soil environment,ocean environment and coastal environment.The general environment is placed in northeast coast of Hainan and belongs to higher corrosion scope.The corrosion is higher so the grade is exalted.The influence in soil environment mainly is the Latosols geology corrosion.at the detailed investigation and design this must pay attention.because of in the south blazing hot region,the water temperature is high and the salt degree is high so the ocean environment will aggravate corrosion,the durability design must considered.The coastal environment mainly considers the ocean atmosphere spread,increasing corrosion degree,the sea water invading and salinization.The durability of the coastal atmosphere and coastal soil environment should be attached importance to.At the different stage of bridge design and construction the specialized technique measure is the key that promises durability.The special form and the part of bridge must carry out the specialized measure

Foresight into a new transdermal absorption study of cosmetics: how to evaluate transdermal absorption and skin concentration of cosmetics?

Skin　permeation　experiments have been　broadly　done since 1970s to 80s as an evaluation　method　for　transdermal drug　delivery systems．In　cosmetic　formulations，skin　concentration　of　active　ingredients is　more　important　than　their skin　permeation，because　primary　target site　of　the　active　ingredients is skin surface　or skin　tissues．Nevertheless，little　investigation was carried　out　on　the　test　method　of skin　concentration after application　of cosmetic　formulations. Recently　we　investigated　an　estimating　method of skin　concentration　of　the　chemical compounds from their skin　permeation　profiles. In the study，we　took　care　of "3Rs" issues for animal experiments、We　have　proposed　an equation 　which　was capable　to　estimate animal or　human skin　concentration　from permeation　pofile　through　the artificial　membrane （silicone　membrane) and animal skin． The silicone　membrane　was found　to　be　useful as an alternative　membrane　to　human　or animal skin　for　predicting　human skin concentration　of chemical　compounds，bocause　an extremely　excellent extrapolation　to　animal or　human skin　concentration　was attained by calculation using　the silicone　membrane　permeation　data. We review　present　our　paper and　relative　studies．特集 化粧品科学の新たな視点を探

《行政许可法》在反思中探索前进

《行政许可法》于十届全国人大常委会第四次会议表决通过,自2004年7月1日起施行。该法是继国家赔偿法、行政处罚法、行政复议法之后又一部规范政府行为的重要法律,集中体现执政为民的宗旨,意味着政府正从管制型政府向有限政府、服务政府、透明政府和诚信政府转变。应当说, 《行政许可法》的制定与实施是我国行政法治建设的重要里程碑,必将推进我国行政许可行为的法制化、规范化,推进社会主义民主与法治的进程

An Analysis of Application of Balanced Scorecard in GN ReSound China Ltd.

丹麦瑞声达集团在全球助听器行业中排名第三，年产助听器超过一百万台。该集团在厦门设立的独资企业——瑞声达听力技术（中国）有限公司，拥有员工443人，承担着集团75%的生产任务。为了提升竞争力、支持集团的总体战略，瑞声达听力技术（中国）有限公司于2003年初决定建立以战略为核心的管理体系，确定导入平衡计分卡来建立企业的战略，并在小范围内进行以平衡计分卡执行战略的试验。笔者受命全权负责该项目的实施，全程参与了整个实施过程。笔者作为项目的执行人，试图通过本文对平衡计分卡的实践、验证和思考做一个总结。 全文分为三个部分：第一部分介绍了平衡计分卡的背景、结构及其在企业的使用情况；第二部分是瑞声达公司的简...GN ReSound A/S (Denmark) is number 3 in the world market of Hearing Aids, which produces more than 1,000,000 Hearing Aids per year. As its wholly owned subsidiary in Xiamen China, GN ReSound China Ltd. has around 443 employees and produces 75% of total volume. In the beginning of 2003, in order to strengthen its competitiveness and support the corporate strategy, GN ReSound China Ltd. decided to e...学位：工商管理硕士院系专业：管理学院工商管理教育中心_工商管理硕士(MBA)学号：X200015053

Research on domestic banking intermediate business risk legal regulation under The Base Agreement

近年来，在国际先进同业经验的指引下，大力发展中间业务已成为国内银行业的共识，各商业银行纷纷将中间业务视为自己经营战略转型、夺取竞争优势的关键。在此基础上我国银行中间业务得到了长足的发展，呈现出业务迅猛发展、产品日新月异、规模高速增长、收入大幅提高的良好态势。然而在我国大力发展中间业务的趋势下，中间业务带来的巨大风险却往往被忽视，对中间业务风险监管的法律规制的严重不足大大制约了我国中间业务的创新与发展，给整个金融业带来潜在风险。 当前解决我国银行中间业务的风险监管问题，必须从法律规制入手，建立起合理的制度体系。本文遵循问题提出——模式借鉴——不足分析——问题解决的逻辑思路对论题展开研究。通过厘...In recent years, under the guidance of international advanced experience, greatly developing intermediary business has become the consensus of the domestic banking sector, all commercial banks have seen intermediate business as a key to transform business strategy and win competitive advantage. On this basis, China's banking intermediary business has been considerable development, showing a good t...学位：法律硕士院系专业：法学院法律系_法律硕士(JM)学号：1302009115031

干扰司法独立的外部因素——浅谈政党干预与司法独立

行政机关以及国家权力机关干预司法已成为社会重点关注的问题,在倡导司法独立的过程中必须搞清楚行政权力机关是如何干预司法的,又是为何干预司法的。正确设置政党对司法的有限干预是我们司法独立工作中得以深入开展的重中之重

谈WTO多哈回合谈判与中国的国家定位

WTO多哈回合谈判拉锯至今分歧根源在于全球区域经济发展的不平衡以及各国基于本国经济结构而在国际经济交往中的利益诉求不同。现今国际社会仍然缺乏一套“硬性“的国际经济法律支撑,因此争端会表现为集团政治力量之博弈。在此过程中,我国应当以现实为基础,放眼未来经济发展趋势,走“南北逢源“的中间定位