论保险立法谨慎核保原则

保险合同的射幸性、附和性和高度技术性特征,要求保险法应强调作为合同制定方的保险人的谨慎核保义务,防止被保险人和利害关系人受到人身伤害或利益损害;平衡保险合同双方当事人的权利义务关系;提高保险人风险选择的准确度;约束保险人承保时的射幸行为。但我国《保险法》对保险人谨慎核保义务的规定失之薄弱,应该在《保险法》中形成谨慎核保原则的规范性条款

Thermodynamics and kinetics of D-glyceric acid adsorption on ion exchange resin

D-甘油酸是一种重要的甘油衍生物,具有解酒护肝的功能。关于D-甘油酸生产方法的研究已有不少,但对其分离方法及分离机理的研究却鲜见报道。通过静态吸附实验,研究了D-甘油酸在201×7阴离子交换树脂上的等温热力学和动力学特性。结果表明,D-甘油酸在201×7阴离子交换树脂上的最大平衡吸附容量随p H的增加而降低,其吸附等温线符合Freundlich模型。在293~308 K下,吸附焓变为14.77 k J·mol-1,表明该吸附过程为吸热过程。升高温度有利于提高吸附速率,但对最大平衡吸附容量影响不大。同时,采用动边界模型描述D-甘油酸在该树脂上的交换行为,分别考察了料液浓度、树脂粒径和温度对交换过程的影响。交换过程的吸附速率随D-甘油酸浓度和温度的增加而增大,但随树脂粒径的增大而减小。研究表明该离子交换过程的速率控制步骤为颗粒扩散过程,交换过程的反应速率常数k0为1.22×10-3,反应级数a为0.631,表观活化能Ea为14.90 k J·mol-1,并得到了动力学总方程。D-glyceric acid, one of the promising glycerol derivatives, has various biological functions such as accelerating ethanol and acetaldehyde oxidation. Plenty studies on the synthesis but few studies on downstream processes to recover D-glyceric acid were available. A static equilibrium adsorption was performed to study isothermal thermodynamics and kinetics of D-glyceric acid adsorption onto 201×7 strong basic anion exchange resin. The results showed that the adsorption process followed the Freundlich isothermal model at different p H and temperature conditions, which the maximum adsorption capacity decreased with increasing initial p H. The change of adsorption enthalpy was 14.77 k J·mol-1 at 293—308 K, suggesting an endo-thermic adsorption process. Raising temperature improved adsorption rate with limited influence on equilibrium adsorption capacity. The Dynamic Boundary Model was used to investigate adsorption kinetics with a focus on effects of D-glyceric acid concentration, resin particle diameter and adsorption temperature. The results suggested the particle diffusion was rate-limiting step of the adsorption process. The adsorption rate increased with the increase of D-glyceric acid concentration and temperature, but decreased with the increase of resin particle diameter. The general kinetics equation was obtained with the rate constant of exchange(k0), reaction order(a) and the apparent activation energy of reaction(Ea) as following k0=1.22×10-3, a=0.631, Ea=14.90 k J·mol-1.福建省高校产学合作项目(2015N5006);; 福建省教育厅中青年教师教育科研项目(JA15393);; 泉州师范学院青年博士预研基金项目(2015QBKJ04)~

氨基酸对鲍鱼碱性磷酸酶活力的影响

选用L Ala、L Val、L Leu等15种氨基酸为效应物,研究它们对杂色鲍(Haliotisdiversicolor)碱性磷酸酶(EC.3.1.3.1)催化pNPP水解反应的影响.结果表明:上述这些氨基酸对鲍鱼碱性磷酸酶均有一定程度的抑制作用,抑制程度随着试剂浓度增大而加剧.当浓度为10.0mmol/L时,分别可以使酶活力下降:7.77%、36.75%、22.79%、39.86%、16.16%、19.33%、94.77%、20.19%、17.02%、40.15%、31.08%、17.52%、30.56%、36.77%和12.59%.尤其以L Cys对酶的抑制作用最为显著(抑制率为94.77%),其次是L Ile和L His,它们均能使酶活力下降40%;对酶抑制率在30%以上的氨基酸还有L Val、L Trp、L Phe和L Lys,其它选用的氨基酸对酶的抑制率小于25%.选择对杂色鲍ALP具有较明显的抑制作用的氨基酸L Val、L Ile、L Trp和L Cys等氨基酸为研究对象,研究它们对酶催化pNPP水解反应的抑制作用机理,并测定其抑制常数.结果表明L Cys的抑制作用为混合型效应,其KI和KIS值分别为0.042mmol/L和0.139mmol/L;而L Val、L Ile、L Trp为反竞争性,其KIS分别为9.56、8.55、8.09mmol/L

Optimization for astaxanthin extraction from Haematococcus pluvialis with ethanol using response surface methodology

采用安全无毒的乙醇为溶剂,研究了超声时间、料液比、搅拌速度等因素对虾青素提取效率的影响。在此基础上,采用响应面设计对以上3个因素的交互关系进行探究。结果表明,3个因素对虾青素提取率的影响顺序为：超声时间〉料液比〉搅拌速度;最佳提取条件为：超声时间20min、料液比1：150、搅拌速度1000 r/min,在此条件下虾青素提取率可达48.42%。Ethanol, an environmentally friendly solvent, was used to extract astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis. The effect of several conditions, including ultrasound time, the ratio of solid to liquid （S/L） and stirring rate, on astaxanthin extraction rate was investigated. Response surface methodology was applied to study the interaction in these factors. The effects of three factors on the extraction of astaxanthin were in order of ultrasound time, S/L, and stirring rate. The optimal astaxanthin extraction rate was 48.42% with 20 min of ultrasound time, 1：150 of S/L, and 1000 r/min of stirring rate.国家自然科学基金项目（41606177）; 福建省高校产学合作项目（2015N5006）; 福建省教育厅中青年教师教育科研项目（JA15406）; 泉州市科技局校地协同创新项目（2016N056

Finite Element Modeling of Carotid Siphon Based on CT Data

目的基于CT血管造影(CT AngIOgrAPHy,CTA)扫描数据,构建颈内动脉虹吸段三维有限元模型。方法利用gE lIgHTSPEEd64排螺旋CT扫描获得颈内动虹吸段CTA数据,将dICOM格式原始数据直接读入MIMICS软件系统,采用阈值分割与手动分割相结合的处理方法,选择感兴趣部位,计算得到初步三维几何模型。调用fEA模块的rEMESH功能,获取血管面网格,文件以流体网格格式保存并输出,再导入gAMbIT软件进行流体网格划分及网格质量检查,获取三维有限元模型。结果构建了颈内动脉虹吸段有限元模型,模型具有良好的解剖形态,与实体相一致。其流体网格文件可直接导入流体力学有限元软件进行相关研究。结论基于CTA扫描数据进行颈内动脉有限元建模具有精确、快速及效率高的特点,为血管流体力学研究提供基础。Objective To achieve finite element modeling of carotid siphon based on CT data.Methods By GE Lightspeed 64 MSCT scan with 0.625 mm in thickness, we got the CT data of carotid siphon, which was loaded to the software of "Mimics" with the dicom-format images.With the combination of threshold setting and manual editing, the three-dimensional geometry model was calculated.With the Remesh function of FEA module, the vascular surface grid was gained and saved as fluid grid format, which was directly loaded to Gambit software to divide fluid mesh and check its quality.Finally the finite element modeling of carotid siphon was finished.Results Finite element modeling of carotid siphon was successfully set up.It had the same good anatomical shape as a real object.The fluid grid data could be directly loaded to hydromechanics finite element software for further research.Conclusion Finite element modeling of carotid siphon based on CT data has the characteristics of accuracy and high efficiency, which provides basic medium for hemodynamic research.国家自然科学基金面上项目(项目编号:81071214

乙醇对鲍鱼碱性磷酸酶活力与构象的影响

以乙醇为效应物研究对鲍鱼碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活力影响的结果表明,酶的剩余活力随着乙醇浓度增大而迅速下降,乙醇浓度40%可使酶活力完全丧失,说明乙醇对鲍鱼ALP有明显的失活作用,IC50为13%.含较低浓度乙醇(30%)的失活过程是可逆的反应.测定乙醇对酶的失活作用机理,结果表明乙醇对鲍鱼ALP的失活作用是非竞争性机制,说明底物存在不影响乙醇对酶的失活作用.应用荧光光谱、紫外吸收光谱研究鲍鱼ALP经乙醇微扰后的分子构象变化,发现乙醇对酶分子构象有显著的影响,酶的内源荧光强度随乙醇浓度增大而增强,荧光发射峰逐渐发生红移.紫外吸收光谱在276 nm吸收峰随乙醇浓度增大而增强.这些结果表明,酶蛋白分子中的生色基团残基的微环境发生变化

Extracting condition and the activity admeasurement for pectinesterase in achenes of Ficus awkeotsang Makino

研究了爱玉子果胶酯酶的优化提取方法,并测定了不同条件下爱玉子果胶酯酶的活性及热稳定性。结果表明:爱玉子果胶酯酶抽提液中NaCl的最佳浓度是5%,最佳抽提温度是30℃,最佳抽提时间是24 h,最佳保存时间24 h;酶活测定时作用液中NaCl最适浓度范围为0.6%~1.0%,作用液的最适pH为7.0,温度30~50℃,爱玉子果胶酯酶的热稳定性良好。A method of extraction and assay for the pectinesterase were investigated and proposed as follows: the best concentration of NaCl in extracting mixtrure is 5%,the best extracting temperature is 30℃,the best extracting time is 24 hours,the best conservating time is 24 hours,the best concentration of NaCl in mixture is 0.6% to 1.0%,and maintain the pH on 7.0.Between 30-50℃,the pectinesterase in achenes of Ficus awkeotsang has a good thermal stability.福建省教育厅基金资助项目(K04029);; 福建省科技厅重点资助项目(2007S0015

中国会计教育的国际化发展状况浅析

由厦门大学会计发展研究中心提供的第四届会计与财务问题国际研讨会——会计教育改革与发展论文集中的第一部分：会计教育一般10目前全国有15所院校，在本科教育阶段设置了注册会计师专门化这一会计专业，有12所院校开办了CGA(加拿大注册会计师)专业，而且列为本科必修课，称为国际会计专业。还有英国伦敦工商学会举办的LCCI考试，美国的财务会计认证ICMA考试，以及英国的ACCA。这些都标志着中国的会计教育已步入专业化、国际化的发展轨道。通过介绍三者在中国的会计教育状况，以及当前世界范围内的会计舞弊案件及国内高校会计教育中存在的问题，提出几点建议与思考：会计教育重在道德教育；加强会计教师队伍建设；加强会计实践教学环节；充分利用网络资源；课堂教学科学化

鲍鱼碱性磷酸酶的分离纯化和性质研究

以杂色鲍(Haliotis diversicolor)内脏为原料,经Tris HCl缓冲液(pH 7.5,含0.1mol/L NaCl)抽提,正丁醇处理,硫酸铵分级沉淀分离,DE 32离子交换、Sephadex G 150分子筛、DE 32纯化,得到电泳单一纯的碱性磷酸酶制剂,比活力为1 226 U/mg.酶学性质和动力学性质研究表明:该酶催化对硝基苯磷酸水解反应的最适 pH值为 10.08,最适温度为48℃.米氏常数Km 值为0.80 mmol/L,Vm 值为20.1 mmol/L·min-1(pH 10.0,37℃).酶的热稳定性研究表明:该酶在pH 7~11区间和在温度低于55℃下稳定.金属离子对酶活力的影响结果表明:Li+、Na+和K+对酶活力没有影响,Mg2+、Ca2+、Ba2+、Mn2+和Co2+对酶有不同程度的激活作用,而Cu2+、Cd2+、Zn2+、Hg2+、Ag+、Bi2+和Pb2+等对酶起抑制作用