Microorganism-mediated Synthesis of Gold Nanomaterials and Their Applications

金纳米材料由于其所具有的良好的生物相容性和特殊的理化性质，对其制备方法的研究和应用领域的探索一直是纳米科技的研究热点。随着纳米材料制备技术的发展，利用微生物菌体来制备或构建纳米材料的研究也逐渐引起了人们的关注。相比于传统的物理法和化学法，利用微生物还原法制备的纳米材料，具有成本低、反应条件温和、纳米颗粒稳定性好等优点；以微生物为生物模板，可以借助微生物菌体表面规整的表皮层或表皮层丰富的官能团，用于金纳米材料形貌和尺寸的调控和制备。但是，目前有关微生物法制备金纳米材料的研究中，大多采用的都是活菌，还原过程与细胞的新陈代谢过程息息相关，所制备的纳米颗粒有很大一部分是位于胞内，往往还需要通过细胞破壁...The research on the preparation and application of gold nanomaterials has been a hot-spot in nanotechnology field due to their good biocompatibility and special physical/chemical properties. With the development of nano-materials preparation technology, utilizing the microbial cells to prepare or assemble nanomaterials has gained increasing attention. Compared with the conventional physical and ch...学位：工学博士院系专业：环境与生态学院_环境工程学号：2262008015014

Discussion on the Treatment of Hypertension from Retained Fluid

根据古代文献关于"饮病"和现代医学关于高血压病的认识,"饮病"与高血压病无论从临床表现还是从发病机制上都有着密切的相关性。近年来,"痰饮"成为高血压病发病的重要病因之一,并贯穿于高血压病发病的始终。五苓散、苓桂术甘汤等具有"化饮"功效的方剂在治疗高血压病的临床实践中已取得较好疗效,但始终缺乏从饮论治高血压病的辨治纲要。因此,将"饮邪"引入高血压病的致病因素之中,对其做系统性、理论性的探讨,并总结出一套治则治法,对指导临床实践具有一定的帮助。According to the ancient literature on the"retained fluid disease"and modern medicine on the understanding of hypertension,"retained fluid disease"and hypertension disease from clinical manifestations or from the pathogenesis are closely related. In recent years,"phlegm"has become one of the important causes of hypertension,and always runs through the occurrence of hypertension. Wuling Powder and Linggui Zhugan Decoction have"dispersing retained fluid"effect of the prescription in the treatment of hypertension in clinical practice to obtain good curative effect,but always a lack of debate on the treatment of hypertension from the theory of"retained fluid disease"treatment program. Therefore,put the"drink evil"into the category of hypertension disease,on the system,theoretical study,and sums up the prevention and treatment,to guide the clinical practice has certain help.2013~2015福建省中医药科研项目计划(课题名称:五苓散健脾-利水-温阳通脉多靶点途径调控高血压大鼠RAAS表达的机制研究)(编号:wzln201309);; 2013年夏门市科技局高校、科研院所科技创新项目(课题名称:柴苓降压剂的开发研究)(编号:3502Z20134052

甲硫醚硫醇化催化剂的研究进展

甲硫醇是合成蛋氨酸等产品的重要有机化工原料。本文主要针对近些年来国内外甲硫醚、硫化氢合成甲硫醇催化剂的研究进展,甲硫醚、硫化氢和甲硫醇三者在催化剂表面的吸附特性及可能的反应过程,以及催化剂的失活与再生等方面进行综述。福建省教育厅中青年科研基金(JAT160423);;泉州师范学院学科服务产业项目(1024-YA0201)和泉州师范学院青年预研基金(2016QBKJ01

Thermodynamics and kinetics of D-glyceric acid adsorption on ion exchange resin

D-甘油酸是一种重要的甘油衍生物,具有解酒护肝的功能。关于D-甘油酸生产方法的研究已有不少,但对其分离方法及分离机理的研究却鲜见报道。通过静态吸附实验,研究了D-甘油酸在201×7阴离子交换树脂上的等温热力学和动力学特性。结果表明,D-甘油酸在201×7阴离子交换树脂上的最大平衡吸附容量随p H的增加而降低,其吸附等温线符合Freundlich模型。在293~308 K下,吸附焓变为14.77 k J·mol-1,表明该吸附过程为吸热过程。升高温度有利于提高吸附速率,但对最大平衡吸附容量影响不大。同时,采用动边界模型描述D-甘油酸在该树脂上的交换行为,分别考察了料液浓度、树脂粒径和温度对交换过程的影响。交换过程的吸附速率随D-甘油酸浓度和温度的增加而增大,但随树脂粒径的增大而减小。研究表明该离子交换过程的速率控制步骤为颗粒扩散过程,交换过程的反应速率常数k0为1.22×10-3,反应级数a为0.631,表观活化能Ea为14.90 k J·mol-1,并得到了动力学总方程。D-glyceric acid, one of the promising glycerol derivatives, has various biological functions such as accelerating ethanol and acetaldehyde oxidation. Plenty studies on the synthesis but few studies on downstream processes to recover D-glyceric acid were available. A static equilibrium adsorption was performed to study isothermal thermodynamics and kinetics of D-glyceric acid adsorption onto 201×7 strong basic anion exchange resin. The results showed that the adsorption process followed the Freundlich isothermal model at different p H and temperature conditions, which the maximum adsorption capacity decreased with increasing initial p H. The change of adsorption enthalpy was 14.77 k J·mol-1 at 293—308 K, suggesting an endo-thermic adsorption process. Raising temperature improved adsorption rate with limited influence on equilibrium adsorption capacity. The Dynamic Boundary Model was used to investigate adsorption kinetics with a focus on effects of D-glyceric acid concentration, resin particle diameter and adsorption temperature. The results suggested the particle diffusion was rate-limiting step of the adsorption process. The adsorption rate increased with the increase of D-glyceric acid concentration and temperature, but decreased with the increase of resin particle diameter. The general kinetics equation was obtained with the rate constant of exchange(k0), reaction order(a) and the apparent activation energy of reaction(Ea) as following k0=1.22×10-3, a=0.631, Ea=14.90 k J·mol-1.福建省高校产学合作项目(2015N5006);; 福建省教育厅中青年教师教育科研项目(JA15393);; 泉州师范学院青年博士预研基金项目(2015QBKJ04)~

Optimization for astaxanthin extraction from Haematococcus pluvialis with ethanol using response surface methodology

采用安全无毒的乙醇为溶剂,研究了超声时间、料液比、搅拌速度等因素对虾青素提取效率的影响。在此基础上,采用响应面设计对以上3个因素的交互关系进行探究。结果表明,3个因素对虾青素提取率的影响顺序为：超声时间〉料液比〉搅拌速度;最佳提取条件为：超声时间20min、料液比1：150、搅拌速度1000 r/min,在此条件下虾青素提取率可达48.42%。Ethanol, an environmentally friendly solvent, was used to extract astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis. The effect of several conditions, including ultrasound time, the ratio of solid to liquid （S/L） and stirring rate, on astaxanthin extraction rate was investigated. Response surface methodology was applied to study the interaction in these factors. The effects of three factors on the extraction of astaxanthin were in order of ultrasound time, S/L, and stirring rate. The optimal astaxanthin extraction rate was 48.42% with 20 min of ultrasound time, 1：150 of S/L, and 1000 r/min of stirring rate.国家自然科学基金项目（41606177）; 福建省高校产学合作项目（2015N5006）; 福建省教育厅中青年教师教育科研项目（JA15406）; 泉州市科技局校地协同创新项目（2016N056

Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Various Medicinal Plant Extracts and Their Antibacterial Properties

作者简介:林源(1985－)，女，硕士研究生。联系人:李清彪(1963－),教授，博士生导师，电话:0592－ 2189595，E－mail:kelqb@xmu．[中文摘要]分别以中草药丁香、山茱萸、地榆和乌梅的提取液为还原剂和保护剂合成银纳米颗粒,利用紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-vis)、透射电镜(TEM)以及X射线粉末衍射(XRD)对产物进行了表征。结果表明,所得银纳米颗粒呈近球形,提高提取液的pH有利于获得粒径较小、分散性好、稳定性高的银纳米颗粒。进一步考察制得的银纳米颗粒的抗菌性能,结果表明,其对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌有很强的抑制作用,最小抑菌质量浓度(M IC)分别可达1.69和3.38 mg/L。[英文摘要]Quasi-spherical silver nanoparticles(AgNPs) were synthesized from the extracts of different medicinal plants including Syzygium aromaticum,Cornus officinalis,Prunus mume and Sanguisorba officinalis,and were subsequently characterized by means of UV-visible spectroscopy,transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction.When pH values of the extracts were adjusted to 10,the biosynthesized AgNPs were well-dispersed,highly stable,and relatively small in size.Thus obtained AgNPs were found to demonstrate good antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus，with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 1.69 and 3.38 mg /L required，respectively．国家自然科学基金重点项目(21036004);国家自然科学基金面上项目(20976146);福建省科技计划重点项目(2009H0041

黑曲霉负载银纳米颗粒的制备及其抗菌性能

采用非酶还原法,以黑曲霉菌原位还原银氨离子制备一种新型银纳米颗粒(AgNPs)/菌体复合抗菌材料,着重考察了反应温度与pH值对还原过程和所得复合材料的抗菌性能及稳定性的影响。结果表明,在温度为30℃、60℃和pH 9.5、11.5条件下,能够合成出粒径为6.9～8.2nm的近球形AgNPs。该AgNPs均匀地分布在菌体表面上,对E.coli显示出高的抗菌性能:最小抑菌浓度(MIC)为217～434mg·L-1(以菌粉总质量表示)或8～20mg Ag·L-1(以银含量表示)。提高反应温度有利于提高菌体银负载量,但AgNPs粒径增大,抗菌性能有所下降;提高反应pH值有利于提高还原速率,而对抗菌性能影响不显著。复合材料中AgNPs与菌体结合牢固,单位质量复合材料释出的Ag+含量为1.7～6.8mg.g-1,提高反应温度和pH值后Ag+的释出均减少

Preparation of Au Nano-Wire with Waste Gold-Containing Catalyst by E.Coli Adsorption-Chemical Reduction Method

采用大肠杆菌吸附-化学还原法,以大肠杆菌(ECCS)为模板、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为保护剂、抗坏血酸为还原剂,由废含金催化剂制备金纳米线(AunWS)。采用Xrd,SEM,TEM等技术对AunWS进行表征。研究了AunWS对罗丹明6g(r6g)和4-巯基苯甲酸(4-MbA)的拉曼散射信号的增强效果。实验结果表明:在制备过程中加入微生物ECCS,可使金回收率提高约20百分点;当溶液PH小于4时,反应2 H后,有大量呈线状的AunWS聚集沉降,金回收率可达99%1以上。表征结果显示,AunWS呈多晶结构,晶格间距为0.23 nM。表面增强拉曼散射分析表明,AunWS对r6g和4-MbA具有良好的拉曼光谱增强性能。The Au nano-wires(AuNWs) were prepared with waste gold-containing catalyst by E.Coli adsorptionchemical reduction method using E.Coli cells(ECCs)as bio-template,cetyltrimthyl ammonium bromide(CTAB)as protective agent and ascorbic acid(AA) as reducing agent,and characterized by XRD,SEM and TEM.The enhancement effects of AuNWs on Raman scattering signals of Rhodamine 6G(R6G) and 4-sulphur benzoic acid(4-MBA) were studied.The experimental results indicate that:The Au recover rate can be increased by about 20 percent with the addition of ECCs;When the solution pH is less than 4 and the reaction time is 2 h,plenty of linear AuNWs are gathered and settled,and the Au recover rate reaches 99%.The characterization results show that the AuNWs exhibits the polycrystalline structure with 0.23 nm of lattice spacing.The surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS) analysis results show that AuNWs have good enhancement effects on Raman spectra of R6 G and 4-MBA.福建省教育厅A类科研项目(JA14440); 莆田市工业科技类科研项目(2012JG01

高速光纤通信系统中PMDE的设计与应用

文章用琼斯传输矩阵法研究了"偏振控制器+保偏光纤"模型仿真器的一阶偏振模色散（PMD）、二阶平行分量、二阶垂直分量及二阶PMD合矢量的统计特性。仿真器的段数越多,其一阶、二阶PMD的统计特性就越接近理论曲线,综合经济因素得出:实验室仿真一阶、二阶PMD特性时采用"3PC+3PMF"模型最为合适。这一结论给下一步的PMD补偿提供了基础

植物重要膜蛋白的扩散与胞吞机制

膜蛋白作为细胞膜的重要组成部分,通常会发生胞吞循环以调控其在细胞膜上的数量平衡,或响应外界环境的刺激.单分子成像技术是近年来发展起来的,可用于在活细胞条件下对单个分子进行观测和研究的新技术,具有较高的时空分辨率,实现了在纳米和微秒水平上对单个分子的快速实时成像和精确分析.本文结合作者所在实验室取得的研究成果,介绍了利用单分子技术,包括全内反射荧光显微术、荧光相关光谱、荧光互相关光谱分析等方法,对植物几种重要膜蛋白在质膜上的运动特征以及胞吞途径的研究工作,总结了植物中脂筏微区分布及脂筏参与的胞吞途径对膜蛋白功能的调控机制,展望了植物质膜微区的精确划分以及膜蛋白胞吞之后的去向等方面所面临的难题