恩格斯对道德绝对主义的批判——兼论“普世价值”

恩格斯拒绝承认凌驾于历史、民族和阶级差别之上的不变的、绝对的道德原则的存在,相反地,他断定,一切道德归根到底都是当时的社会经济状况的产物,人们总是从他们阶级地位所依据的实际生产关系中获得自己的道德观念,道德实际上与人们所处的阶级地位和时代有关,道德原则不是普遍永恒绝对的

论儒家“成物”思想

儒家将物(“禽兽草木“等)纳入关怀的范围,要求在“成己“的同时还要“成物“。“成物“出于“诚“,是让禽兽昆虫草木等自然、自由地成长,使其天赋本性真实完整地显露和实现,促成天地生成万物功能的完成。儒家“成物“思想有两种路向,一是《中庸》、二程等把“成物“看成是圣人、仁者的德行,二是《易传》、荀子和朱熹等把“成物“看成是君主乃至君子的责任和义务。儒家的这种思想应该是一种生态伦理,但其要求我们积极主动地参与万物的生长的观点似又与现代的生态伦理有所不同

论五凉学术的渊源和特征

东汉末年 ,随着私人讲学盛行及魏、西晋统治中心河洛地区的玄学流行 ,河西五郡及与之毗邻的关陇地区成为汉代章句之学的重镇。但在西晋末年 ,由于外来学者的涌入和外出凉州士人的归来 ,凉州学术逐渐失去其地方特色 ,呈现出多元化的倾向。五凉学术与西晋有前后承继关系 ,体现出魏晋学术的总体风

论儒家慈善伦理的现代转化

儒家慈善伦理的根本是仁,它以爱亲为核心,通过仁政(“博施于民而能济众“)、同情(“仁者爱人“),将无血缘关系的百姓、弱者纳入关怀、救济的范围。儒家慈善伦理是中国传统宗法社会的产物,在现时代面临新的转型,即由爱亲转化为博爱,将慈善从付之于情感(仁)转化为付之于义务和责任(“义“)。从个人美德转化为社会公正,从“民本主义“转化为“人本主义“

老庄道论之异同

老子之“道”在可见有形世界之先和之外，是天地万物的来源与归宿。庄子以其相对主义之诡辩，消解了老子“道”与物的界限，从而使天地万物与道有相同的规定，道乃天地万物的本质和总括。但在先秦道家中，还是庄子仍以玄理阐释“道”，庄子乃老子道论的继承者和光大者

试论中国传统护“生”伦理

基于古人对世界“生”的本质的认识,中国古代思想家们要求顺应天地“生”的意志,维护万物的生成和生长,不阻断自然界“生”之进程。他们认为,不能在万物生、育的春夏季节捕猎动物、砍伐树林,以维护各种生物种群的延续和再生能力。这些思想在宋明理学和中国土生的宗教———道教那里得到发展和发挥。维护“生”成为中国古代生态伦理的基本原则。这种思想有助于我们克服当代生态伦理中的一些困难

苯硫酚对固氮酶催化活性的影响

研究了苯硫酚对棕色固氮菌固氮酶催化底物还原活性的影响。结果表明:当反应体系中固氮酶钼铁蛋白与苯硫酚的摩尔比为1:4时,固氮酶的乙炔还原活性比对照组下降了62.3％,下降的幅度随着苯硫酚浓度的升高而增大;但在乙炔存在的情况下,固氮酶的放H_2活性随着苯硫酚的浓度的升高而升高。在氩气氛下,苯硫酚浓度的升高对固氮酶放H_2活性的影响不明显。这一现象有可能是由于苯硫酚取代与铁钼辅基的Fe_1原子连接的半胱氨酸的巯基而引起的

钼酸盐柠檬酸盐络合物及有机酸对棕色固氮菌生长的影响

将经过0.9%NaCl溶液处理8h的棕色固氮菌(AzotobactervinelandiiOP)作为菌种分别接入Burk′s培养基和用不同有机酸替代柠檬酸三钠或用不同等摩尔的钼络合物替代钼酸钠的各种改良的Burk′s培养基中,分别测定菌体生长曲线和固氮活性.结果发现,与Burk′s培养基相比,以高柠檬酸、苹果酸、马来酸替代柠檬酸三钠或以K6[Mo2O5(cit)2]·5H2O、K4[Mo2O5(Hcit)2]·4H2O和Na2[MoO2(Hcit)]·3H2O替代柠檬酸三钠和钼酸钠的培养基能促进菌体的生长;以乙醇酸替代柠檬酸三钠的培养基则会抑制固氮菌的生长;各种培养条件下菌体细胞的C2H2还原活性表现了类似的规律.讨论了固氮酶活性中心FeMoco在装配过程中钼的可能运输方式和装配机理

Experimental study on reperfusion of intraocular lens

作者简介: 祁明信, 男, 1945 年7 月 出生, 教授、主任医师、博士研究生 导师, 主要从事白内障的基础与临 床研究。联系电话: 0591-83570887; E-mail:qihuang@netease. com 通讯作者: 黄秀榕,E-mail:[email protected][中文文摘]目的开展晶状体再灌注的离体和动物实验研究,并对再灌注人工晶状体技术进行评价。方法采用新鲜离体幼兔眼、离体猪眼、新西兰白兔眼,应用自行研制的人工晶状体材料,进行以下实验:(1)体外固化实验;(2)晶状体前囊膜微型撕囊及其稳固性实验;(3)经微型前囊膜开口超声乳化吸出晶状体内容物实验;(4)活的新西兰白兔眼内人工晶状体再灌注实验。结果(1)按硅酮聚合物与固化剂50:1的比例可获得柔软、弹性好、固化时间短(完全固化时间为60min)的注入材料;(2)晶状体前囊膜1.8～2.0mm的连续环形撕囊口具有较好的稳定性,可经该微型开口吸出晶状体内容物并灌注材料;(3)超声能量18%、流量25mL·min-1、负压120mmHg(1kPa=7.5mmHg)为晶状体内容物经微型前囊膜开口吸出的最佳条件;(4)注入灌注材料后可形成由晶状体囊膜包裹的、置换原晶状体皮质和核的、新的再灌注人工晶状体。结论采用再灌注人工晶状体的方法可进行新型人工晶状体再灌注,可为治疗白内障和老视提供参考。[英文文摘]Objective To carry out the experimental study on reperfusion of intraocular lens(IOLs) in vitro or in animal,and to assess the technique of IOLs reperfusion.Methods The following experiments were performed by using self-developed materials in fresh rabbit eyes and pig eyes in vitro,as well as in eyes of alive New-Zea-land rabbits:(1)Solidification study of self-developed material in vitro;(2)Continuous circular capsulorhexis(CCC) in anterior capsule of lens and its stability;(3)Draw of lens contents via phaco through mini-CCC;(4)IOLs ref illing in the eyes of alive New-Zea land rabbits. Results(1) Thematerialwhich was soft, springy and short-term solidification(full solidification time was 60 minutes) were obtained in certain proportion of geland solidified agent(50:1) in vitro; ( 2)The CCC in anterior capsule of lens with 1.8-2.0 mm diameter had very good stability. The lens contents were drawn and the materialwere refilled through themini-CCC; (3) The best conditions of drawing out lens contents through m ini-CCC were phaco energy 18% , flow 25 mL·min- 1, and negative pressure 120 mmH g (1kPa=7.5 mmHg);(4) The new refilled IOLs, which were wrapped by capsule of lens and were replaced original cortex and nucleus of lens, were obtained after thematerial refillied. Conc lusion. New IOLs are refilled through this method, which can prov ide reference for the treatment of cataract and presbyopia.福建省科技三项费用;教育厅重点资助项目基金资助(编号:K98041

Resonance avoidance of engine compartment based on acoustic and structural modal analysis

为了解决某型挖掘机动力舱在作业过程中低频噪声突出、结构振动剧烈的问题,利用HyPErMESH软件分别建立了其声腔与结构的有限元模型,通过VIrTuAl.lAb和rAdIOSS软件计算出了其声腔和结构的自由模态,探究了其声学和振动特性.与发动机激励频率对比后,排除了动力舱声腔共振的可能性,指出了可能的结构共振频率,并通过振动测试验证了动力舱在挖掘机怠速工况下振动加剧的推断,为其优化设计及减振降噪提供了参考.During the working process of an excavator,the low frequency noise and the structural vibration of the engine compartment are serious.In order to solve this problem,the acoustic and the structural finite element models of the engine compartment were established respectively by using HyperMesh software.Its acoustic and structural free modals were calculated by using Virtual.Lab and Radioss software.Its acoustic and vibration characteristics were explored.After comparing with the incentive frequencies of the engine,the possibility of acoustic resonance was ruled out,the structural resonance frequencies were pointed out.A vibration test was conducted to verify the deduction that the engine compartment vibrated intensely under the idling condition of the excavator which provided us with references for the optimization design and vibration &noise reduction of the engine compartment.国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2013BAF07B04); 福建省自然科学基金计划资助项目(2014J01210