Rapid determination of 1,2-propylene glycol and glycerol in refill fluids for electronic cigarettes by Raman spectroscopy

为实现电子烟烟液主要成分的简便快速检测,建立了同时测定电子烟烟液中1,2-丙二醇和丙三醇含量的拉曼光谱分析方法,利用该方法测定了17个电子烟烟液; 样品,并与气质联用法进行了结果比较。结果表明:①1,2-丙二醇和丙三醇分别在0.125~0.956和0.106~1.120; g/mL时,以522和671 cm~(-1)特征信号峰强度绘制的标准工作曲线线性关系良好(R~2>; 0.999),单样本和独立样本t检验结果证实方法的准确性较高。②17个电子烟烟液样品中,1,2-丙二醇和丙三醇的含量分别为0.533~0.766; 和0.182~0.476; g/mL。该方法与气质联用法检测结果的配对样本t检验结果表明,在95%置信概率下,两种方法的定量结果一致。该方法不需进行样品前处理,更适用于批量; 电子烟烟液中1,2-丙二醇和丙三醇的快速定量分析。A simple and rapid Raman spectroscopy method for simultaneous; determination of 1,2-propylene glycol and glycerol in refill fluids for; electronic cigarettes was developed. Samples of 17 refill fluids were; analyzed by a portable Raman spectrometer,and the data were compared; with those determined by GC-MS. The results showed that: 1) The standard; curves of 1,2-propylene glycol and glycerol determined at the Raman; intensity of 522 and 671 cm~(-1) possessed good correlation coefficients; (R~2 above 0.999) in the content range of 0.125-0.956 and 0.106-1.120; g/mL,respectively. The results of one sample t-test and independent; sample t-test indicated that the Raman method was accurate. 2) The; contents of 1,2-propylene glycol and glycerol in 17 refill fluids were; in the range of 0.533-0.766 and 0.182-0.476 g/mL, respectively. The; result of paired sample t-test showed that the data determined by Raman; spectroscopy were consistent with those obtained by GC-MS at a; confidence level of 95%. Without sample pretreatment, Raman spectroscopy; method is simple to operate and more suitable for the rapid quantitative; determination of 1,2-propylene glycol and glycerol in batches of refill; fluids for electronic cigarettes.浙江中烟工业有限责任公司科技项

Experimental study on reperfusion of intraocular lens

作者简介: 祁明信, 男, 1945 年7 月 出生, 教授、主任医师、博士研究生 导师, 主要从事白内障的基础与临 床研究。联系电话: 0591-83570887; E-mail:qihuang@netease. com 通讯作者: 黄秀榕,E-mail:[email protected][中文文摘]目的开展晶状体再灌注的离体和动物实验研究,并对再灌注人工晶状体技术进行评价。方法采用新鲜离体幼兔眼、离体猪眼、新西兰白兔眼,应用自行研制的人工晶状体材料,进行以下实验:(1)体外固化实验;(2)晶状体前囊膜微型撕囊及其稳固性实验;(3)经微型前囊膜开口超声乳化吸出晶状体内容物实验;(4)活的新西兰白兔眼内人工晶状体再灌注实验。结果(1)按硅酮聚合物与固化剂50:1的比例可获得柔软、弹性好、固化时间短(完全固化时间为60min)的注入材料;(2)晶状体前囊膜1.8～2.0mm的连续环形撕囊口具有较好的稳定性,可经该微型开口吸出晶状体内容物并灌注材料;(3)超声能量18%、流量25mL·min-1、负压120mmHg(1kPa=7.5mmHg)为晶状体内容物经微型前囊膜开口吸出的最佳条件;(4)注入灌注材料后可形成由晶状体囊膜包裹的、置换原晶状体皮质和核的、新的再灌注人工晶状体。结论采用再灌注人工晶状体的方法可进行新型人工晶状体再灌注,可为治疗白内障和老视提供参考。[英文文摘]Objective To carry out the experimental study on reperfusion of intraocular lens(IOLs) in vitro or in animal,and to assess the technique of IOLs reperfusion.Methods The following experiments were performed by using self-developed materials in fresh rabbit eyes and pig eyes in vitro,as well as in eyes of alive New-Zea-land rabbits:(1)Solidification study of self-developed material in vitro;(2)Continuous circular capsulorhexis(CCC) in anterior capsule of lens and its stability;(3)Draw of lens contents via phaco through mini-CCC;(4)IOLs ref illing in the eyes of alive New-Zea land rabbits. Results(1) Thematerialwhich was soft, springy and short-term solidification(full solidification time was 60 minutes) were obtained in certain proportion of geland solidified agent(50:1) in vitro; ( 2)The CCC in anterior capsule of lens with 1.8-2.0 mm diameter had very good stability. The lens contents were drawn and the materialwere refilled through themini-CCC; (3) The best conditions of drawing out lens contents through m ini-CCC were phaco energy 18% , flow 25 mL·min- 1, and negative pressure 120 mmH g (1kPa=7.5 mmHg);(4) The new refilled IOLs, which were wrapped by capsule of lens and were replaced original cortex and nucleus of lens, were obtained after thematerial refillied. Conc lusion. New IOLs are refilled through this method, which can prov ide reference for the treatment of cataract and presbyopia.福建省科技三项费用;教育厅重点资助项目基金资助(编号:K98041

建立環境檢驗QA／QC制度（建立有機參考實驗室）

研究期間：19891101~1990053

[[alternative]]Effect of Far-Infrared-Ray Heat Therapy on the Elderly Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus

[[abstract]]　本研究招募50至75歲中老年之有、無糖尿病者合計60位受試者，探討遠紅外線(far-infrared-ray, FIR)熱療輔助改善第二型糖尿病中老年患者之生化、生理參數的效應。受試者隨機分為「有糖尿病、有FIR熱療」組（15位）、「有糖尿病、無FIR熱療」組（9位）、「無糖尿病、有FIR熱療」組（17位）及「無糖尿病、無FIR熱療」組（19位），FIR熱療組之頭背部（腦幹區、整個脊椎）、腹部、大腿及足底進行56天的FIR熱療試驗（每天4小時，每週5天），採各組血液檢驗其生化參數並以非侵入性方式檢驗其生理參數之變化。　　　研究結果顯示，（一）、具顯著降低者：(1)在生化參數方面，「有糖尿病、有FIR熱療」者，經過「第56天」FIR熱療後，其醣化血色素顯著降低(p = 0.0081)；受試者在「處理時間」「後測」之空腹血糖均顯著低於「前測」(p = 0.0005)；受試者在「處理時間」「後測」之胰島素濃度均顯著低於「前測」(p = 0.0006)；受試者在「處理時間」「後測」之胰島素阻抗顯著低於「前測」(p = 0.0009)；受試者在「處理期間」「第56天」的總膽固醇顯著低於「第0天」(p = 0.0301)。「有糖尿病、有FIR熱療」者，三酸甘油脂於「第56天」顯著較「第0天」低(p = 0.0469)(2)在生理參數方面，「有FIR熱療」時，「有糖尿病」者之低高頻功率比顯著低於「無糖尿病」者(p = 0.0170)；「處理時間」「後測」時，「有FIR熱療」者的舒張壓顯著低於「無FIR熱療」者(p = 0.0195)；「有糖尿病」之受試者在「處理期間」「第56天」的左側動脈硬化程度(L_PWV)顯著低於「第0天」(p = 0.0005)，且於「有FIR熱療」者呈現顯著持續降低(p = 0.0032)；「有FIR熱療」時，受試者在「處理時間」「後測」之左側動脈硬化程度(L_PWV)顯著低於「前測」(p = 0.0023)；「有糖尿病」之受試者在「處理期間」「第28天」、「第56天」之右側動脈硬化程度(R_PWV)顯著低於「第0天」(p < 0.0001)，且於「有FIR熱療」者呈現顯著持續降低(p = 0.0008)；「有FIR熱療」時，受試者在「處理時間」「後測」的右側動脈硬化程度(R_PWV)顯著低於「前測」(p = 0.0016)；「有FIR熱療」者的左側動脈堵塞程度(L_ABI)顯著低於「無FIR熱療」者(p = 0.0199)；「處理期間」「第28天」時，「有FIR熱療」者的右側動脈堵塞程度(R_ABI)顯著低於「無FIR熱療」者(p = 0.0353)。（二）、具顯著上升者：(1)在生化參數方面，「有糖尿病、有FIR熱療」者「第56天」「前測」之超氧化物歧化酶顯著較「第0天」者高(p = 0.0262)。(2)在生理參數方面，受試者在「處理時間」「第40分鐘」之心率變異性顯著較高(p < 0.0001)；「有FIR熱療」時，「有糖尿病」者之常規化高頻百分比顯著高於「無糖尿病」者(p = 0.0120)；「有糖尿病」時，「有FIR熱療」者之常規化高頻百分比顯著高於「無FIR熱療」者(p = 0.0359)；「有FIR熱療」時，受試者隨著「處理時間」（0分鐘至60分鐘）的增長，心跳（71.4次/分）有顯著持續上升至正常心跳的效果(p < 0.0001)；「有FIR熱療」者的左、右側足部末稍血液循環顯著高於「無FIR熱療」者(p < 0.0001)；「有FIR熱療」時，受試者在「處理時間」「後測」的左、右側足部末稍血液循環顯著高於「前測」(p < 0.0001)。　　　以上研究結果顯示，FIR熱療可顯著降低第二型糖尿病中老年患者之醣化血色素、空腹血糖、胰島素阻抗、總膽固醇、低高頻功率比、舒張壓、動脈硬化程度、動脈堵塞程度，並顯著提升超氧化物歧化酶、心率變異性、常規化高頻百分比、心跳、足部末稍血液循環。對於無糖尿病中老年者，FIR熱療亦可顯著降低總膽固醇、舒張壓、動脈硬化程度、動脈堵塞程度，及顯著提升超氧化物歧化、心率變異性、心跳、足部末稍血液循環。[[abstract]]　　This study recruited totally sixty samples of 50 to 75 years old with or without diabetes mellitus (DM) to investigate the effect of far-infrared-ray heat therapy (FIRHT) on the biochemical and physiological parameters of elderly patients with type II diabetes mellitus. The samples were randomly classified into ＂DM with FIRHT＂ group (15 individuals), ＂DM without FIRHT＂ group (9 individuals), ＂non-DM with FIRHT＂ group (17 individuals) and ＂non-DM without FIRHT＂group (19 individuals). In experiment, the head, back (including brainstem area and whole spine), abdomen and feet of the groups treated by FIRHT were irradiated by far infrared rays 4 hours per day and 5 days per week in a period of 56 days. Blood examination and non-invasive measurement were carried out to determine the variation of biochemical and physiological parameters, individually. 　　　The results showed significant decrease in biochemical parameters including glycated hemoglobin (p = 0.0081) and total cholesterol (p = 0.0301) after 56 days of treatment as well as fasting blood glucose (p = 0.0005) insulin concentration (p = 0.0006) and insulin resistance (p = 0.0009) after 60 min of treatment. The triglyceride of ”DM without FIRHT” group also increased apparently on Day 56 than that on Day 0 (p = 0.0469) In the aspect of physiological parameters, the DM groups had obviously lower ratio of LF/HF than non-DM ones under FIRHT (p = 0.0170); the FIRHT groups had lower diastolic blood pressure than the groups without FIRHT treatment (p = 0.0195); the left bronchial ankle pulse wave velocity (PWV) of the DM groups was significantly lower (p = 0.0005) on Day 56 than Day 0, and that of the ”DM with FIRHT”group decreased continuously during the treatment period (p = 0.0032) ; the left (p = 0.0023) and right (p = 0.0016) PWV of FIRHT groups presently decreased after 60 min of treatment; the DM groups had lower right PWV on Day 28 and Day 56 than Day 0(p < 0.0001), and the right PWV of the ”DM with FIRTH”group declined continuously during the treatment period (p = 0.0008) ; the FIRHT groups had less blockage on both left (p = 0.0199) and right (p = 0.0353) arteries than the groups without FIRHT treatment according to the ankle bronchial index (ABI) values. Moreover, the SOD concenetration of the “DM with FIRHT treatment” group increased obviously on after 56 days of treatment (p = 0.0262).　　　As to physiological parameters increased, the FIRHT groups had distinctly higher heart rate variability (HRV) at 40 min in short term investigation (p < 0.0001), which also exhibited higher value on Day 28 than Day 0 (p = 0.0202) and still maintained high on Day 60. Moreover, the DM groups had obviously higher normalized HF ratio (nHF) than non-DM ones under FIRHT (p = 0.0120); the DM groups treated by FIRHT had apparently higher (nHF) than those without FIRHT treatment (p = 0.0359); the heart rate of FIRHT groups increased with short-term treatment time (0-60 min) to a normal range (averaged 71.4 beat/min)(p < 0.0001); the peripheral blood circulation of left and right legs was higher than those without FIRHT treatment (p < 0.0001) in short term investigation.　　　The above results indicated that FIRHT was significantly able to help elderly type II DM patients reduce glycated hemoglobin, fasting plasma glucose, insulin resistance, total cholesterol, ratio of LF/HF, diastolic blood pressure, atherosclerosis and artery blockage while obviously increase the uperoxide dismutase, heart rate variability, normalized high frequency power, heart rate, peripheral blood circulation (PBC) of the feet. For the elderly non-DM patients, FIRHT can also decrease the total cholesterol diastolic blood pressure, atherosclerosis and artery blockage while increase superoxide dismutase, heart rate variability, heart rate and PBC of the feet

The Soil Moisture Content and the Change Characteristics of Different Mulching Methods in Weibei Rainfed Highland

通过田间定位试验研究了渭北旱塬秸秆覆盖、地膜覆盖、秸秆加地膜覆盖及传统耕作保墒方式的土壤水分含量及动态变化 ,结果表明秸秆覆盖方法的保墒效果最好 ,2 m土层的有效水达 2 74.3 mm,比对照增加 3 3 .3 mm,降雨可下渗到 1 .6m。9月 1 5日分析 ,秸秆覆盖的表层土壤含水 2 9.9% ,地膜覆盖的 1 8.6% ,对照只有 1 3 .8%

Shock wave and turbulent boundary layer interaction in a double compression ramp

Direct numerical simulations of shock wave and supersonic turbulent boundary layer interaction in a double compression ramp with fixed ramp angles of 12 degrees and 24 degrees at Mach 2.9 are conducted. The characteristics of the shock interactions are investigated for four different length between the two ramp kinks, corresponding to L-c = 0.9 delta(ref), 1.8 delta(ref), 2.7 delta(ref), and 3.6 delta(ref) (delta(ref) being the upstream turbulent boundary layer thickness). The influence of increasing L-c on flow structures, unsteadiness, Reynolds stress, turbulence kinetic energy, and Reynolds stress anisotropy tensor is assessed. The size of the separation region is significantly decreased and reattached flow appears between the two ramp kinks. Streamwise vorticity contours and streamline curvature show the decreased spanwise width and increased spanwise coherency of Gortler-like vortices. Analysis of fluctuating wall pressure indicates that the low-frequency unsteadiness is strongly suppressed in the interaction region. Profiles of Reynolds stress components and turbulence kinetic energy exhibit different turbulence evolution across the interaction, leading to substantial differences observed in the anisotropy invariant map. It is found that the near wall region is characterized by decreased anisotropy, becoming closer to the axisymmetric compression state, while a significant increase of turbulence is identified in the outer region, following the axisymmetric expansion limit. Moreover, downstream of the interaction, turbulence in the near-wall region experiences a faster recovery and the influence of L-c is found to be marginal. The main effect of L-c is observed in the outer region, an increase of L-c resulting in a monotonic decay of turbulence intensities and an inward movement of turbulent structures

煤炭消烟燃烧技术研究探析

烟煤等发烟煤在燃烧过程中会释放大量烟尘,严重污染环境,煤炭燃烧时必须消烟以满足环保要求。因此,本文研究探析煤炭消烟燃烧技术,分析了这些技术的特点和发展趋势。指出与其他消烟技术相比,复合消烟技术的消烟效果较好,是煤炭消烟燃烧处理的未来发展趋势和热点,应着重开发这类技术,为实现煤炭低烟甚至无烟燃烧提供技术支持。</p