[[alternative]]How Non-Profit Organizations Form Public-Private Partnerships: A Case Study of the Leolin Food Bank in Changhua County

[[abstract]]　　食物銀行在全球已行之有年，在台灣隸屬新興的社會救助方式。隨著國際 環境迅速變化萬千，2020 起 COVID-19 造成全球經濟衰退，食物銀行被需求增 加而快速成長。在台灣食物銀行不僅是非營利組織積極成立，公部門也開始重 視推動此一機制。本研究個案樂林食物銀行位於彰化縣最西南角，在地理環 境、社會資源不足的情況下，建構公私協力跨部門合作。從地方政府(二林鎮 公所)到中央部會(工研院、勞動部)。以不同協力樣貌架構食物銀行與公部 門的協力關係。　　本研究採質性研究取向，採半結構式的深度訪談法及參與觀察法，探討樂 林食物銀行如何形構出此種協力合作關係、關係影響因素、協力關係內涵，以 及過程中所遇到的問題、困難及挑戰。本研究發現，樂林食物銀行在跨部門協 力合作過程，公私協力合作的關鍵因素，在於公私協力雙方須具備「整合社會 資本能力、互信與良好溝通關係」、「互惠互利」、「共同目標與價值觀」、「主事 者參與投入」。面臨跨部門協力合作所遇到的困難與挑戰時，研究觀察發 現，樂林食物銀行從地方政府到中央部會，並非呈現線性式的協力合作模 式，而是依協力單位、協力模式、協力資源，在不同協力階段而產生的協力模 式。樂林食物銀行跨部門合作過程及成效，其合作模式不僅帶給公私協力雙方 達到協力目標，對非營利組織尋求社會資源也具相對的影響力。食物銀行為近 期新興社會福利機制，本研究建議，在公私協力跨部門合作時，公部門政策保 持彈性，才能有效發揮專案計畫功能，透過社會資源整合才能延續公私協力合 作模式，並達到永續發展的目標。[[abstract]]　　Food banks have been present around the world for many years and are an emerging form of social assistance in Taiwan. As the international environment rapidly changes and the COVID-19 pandemic causes a global economic recession in 2020, the demand for food banks has increased significantly. In Taiwan, food banks are not only actively established by nonprofit organizations, but the public sector has also begun to pay attention to promoting this mechanism. The case study, Lelin Food Bank, is located in the southwest corner of Changhua County. Faced with an insufficient geographical environment and social resources to establish public-private partnerships, the food bank has collaborated with various entities ranging from the local government (Erlin Town Office) to central ministries (such as ITRI and the Ministry of Labor) in different forms of collaboration.　　This study adopts a qualitative research approach, using semi-structured in- depth interviews and participant observation methods to explore how Lelin Food Bank forms its collaborative relationships, the factors influencing these relationships, their implications, and the problems, difficulties, and challenges encountered in the process.　　The study found that in the cross-departmental collaboration process of Lelin Food Bank that the key factors for public-private collaboration include "the ability to integrate social capital, mutual trust, and effective communication," "mutual benefit," "common goals and values," and "participation of key personnel." When faced with difficulties and challenges in cross-departmental collaboration, research observations revealed that Lelin Food Bank does not follow a linear collaboration model from local government to central ministries but relies on collaborative units, models, and resources, generating cooperation modes at different stages. The study examines the cross-departmental cooperation process and results of Lelin Food Bank, whose cooperation model helps public and private entities achieve collaborative goals and influences non-profit organizations in seeking social resources. Food banks are an emerging social welfare mechanism. This study suggests that cross-departmental public–private partnership, and public-sector policies should remain flexible to affect the utilized project planning functions. Integration of social resources is crucial for sustaining the public-private collaboration model and achieving permanent results towards sustainable development goals

[[alternative]]A Study on Tourists’ Image of Leisure Behavior in Inclusive Game Facilities--Taking New Taipei City Metropolitan Park Bear Monkey Forest as an Example

[[abstract]]　　現今父母注重孩子身心健康，公園中的遊戲場不僅提供活動空間，也能促進親子情感連結與兒童全面發展，然家長擔心現有的罐頭遊具單調且無法滿足兒童發展所需的感官刺激。自 2017 年起，新北市啟動戶外共融遊戲場改造計畫，儘管多處改造完成，仍面臨多項問題。　　本研究以「新北市大都會公園—熊猴森樂園」為例，運用「重要—表現度分析法」(Importance-Performance Analysis，簡稱 IPA)探討遊客對共融式遊戲場期待與感知程度上的差異，以作為改善依據。研究採問卷調查法，以到訪熊猴森樂園的幼童陪同者為發放對象，並採便利抽樣法，共發放 420 份問卷，回收 400 份有效問卷，有效問卷率為 95.24%，後續資料分析採信效度分析、因素分析、敘述性統計、獨立樣本 T 檢定、單因子變異數分析、重要—表現度分析等統計方法，將所得資料加以統計處理，相關研究結論歸納如下：在服務品質方面，遊客對熊猴森樂園的場地設施維護、安全性和遊戲設施多樣性感到滿意，應繼續保持；停車位不足、缺乏遮蔭休憩場地和公共廁所不足是需優先改善的地方。在遊憩吸引力方面，遊客對環境設計、共融式遊具的豐富性和促進幼童發展的表現感到滿意，也應繼續保持；改善親子友善廁所設施是一個優先考慮的改善方向。[[abstract]]　　Today, parents pay increasing attention to their children's physical and mental health. Playgrounds not only provide space for activities but also promote parent-child bonding and children's holistic development. However, parents are concerned that existing standardized play equipment is monotonous and fails to provide the sensory stimulation necessary for children's development. Since 2017, New Taipei City has initiated an outdoor inclusive playground renovation project. Despite the completion of many renovations, the project still faces several challenges.　　This study takes "New Taipei City MetropolitanPark-Bear Monkey Forest Park" as an example, and uses "Importance-Performance Analysis" (IPA) to explore tourists' expectations and perceptions of inclusive playgrounds. differences as a basis for improvement. The study adopted a questionnaire survey method, targeting the accompanying children who visited Bear Monkey Forest Park, and adopted a convenience sampling method. A total of 420 questionnaires were distributed, and 400 valid questionnaires were recovered. The valid questionnaire rate was 95.24%. Follow-up data analysis Statistical methods such as validity analysis, factor analysis, narrative statistics, independent sample T test, single-factor variation analysis, and importance-performance analysis were adopted to statistically process the obtained data. The relevant research conclusions are summarized iv as follows: In terms of service quality, Visitors are satisfied with the well-maintained, safe and diverse game facilities of the Bear Monkey Forest Park, as well as the clear usage regulations, and should continue to maintain them; the parking spaces of the Bear Monkey Forest Park are insufficient and lack adequate cover. The number of shaded rest areas and public toilets cannot meet the needs of tourists and are the areas that need improvement the most. In terms of recreational attractions, tourists are satisfied with the overall environmental design of Bear Monkey Forest Park, the richness of inclusive play equipment, and its ability to promote the physical and mental development of young children. This aspect should continue to be maintained; adjust parent-child friendliness Toilet facilities are a priority for improvement at Monkey Bear Park

[[alternative]]Cittaslow in environmental practice- The action research of the interactivity between the course and self-directed learning for the students

計畫編號: PSR1100532執行機構: 南華大學通識教育中心主管機關: 教育部研究期間: 11008~11207[[abstract]]本計畫主題希望將環境教育相關議題，設計融合「環境教育X數位學習X社會實踐」，探討學生於學期型課程與自我導向學習之間的關係。課程預計招募正式課程型學生及自我導向學習，與嘉義縣大林鎮上林社區發展協會合作社區合作，開發具有社區特點之氣候變遷、生態農業環境教育教案。 本研究第一年的目的為探討：1.學生學習成效：探討學期型課程學生與自我導向學習學生之學習策略；2.教師教學素養：建立學期型課程學生與自我導向學習學生之教學模式；3.課程教學品質：開發具有環境內涵的數位學習單元及環境教育行動；4.場域：協助社區產生生態農業相關的環境教育教案。本研究第二年的目的為探討：1.學生學習成效：比較二群體學生之溝通、合作、自主學習的學習歷程；2.教師教學素養：分析學生服務學習反思、社會關懷及數位學習成效；3. 課程教學品質：評估數位學習與環境行動的教學成效及環境教育行動；4. 場域：協助社區產生氣候變遷相關的環境教育教案。 預計透過、檔案評量、課程數位學習成效評估問卷、社會實踐學習成效評估、焦點團體訪談(三角校正)等，評估學生於社會實踐課程之學習成效。[[abstract]]This study is focused on the environmental education, e-learning and social practice. The site of social practice will be in Dalin Township, Chiayi, which has been certified by Cittaslow International. The Cittaslow focuses on the slow movement, just like slow food, slow travel and environments. The purposes of this study are to develop a courses-group for the between semester-based courses and self-directed learning. The courses will be followed by the project-based learning. The e-learning materials of “environmental education”, “environmental science” and “design thinking” are in the Moodle system will be for the study before social practice. In this study, it is expected to design its own to assess students' learning effectiveness in the e-learning material and social practice. The purposes of this study are to develop a social practice course with the climate change and ecological agriculture of environmental education; to explore the learning strategies of formal curriculum students; to explore the learning process of communication, cooperation, coordination and autonomous learning of students; to analyze the reflection, social care and learning effectiveness of student service learning. It is expected to open the narrative of Environmental Science (2 credits), Environmental Education and Creative Action (2 credits), Environmental Education (2 credits). It is expected to assess students' learning effectiveness by file analysis, social practice learning effectiveness assessment and focus group interviews (triangulation)

[[alternative]]A Study on the Educational Connotation of Master Hsing Yun's Bodhi Light Tales

[[abstract]]　　本研究以《星雲說喻》為主要研究對象，透過分析《星雲說喻》中的故事和譬喻與象徵，探討其所蘊含的教化意涵及其對佛教教義的詮釋。研究的主要目的是深入了解《星雲說喻》如何通過文學形式傳達佛教的核心理念，尤其是六度波羅蜜的實踐。首先梳理佛典中的譬喻阿波陀那（梵語：avadāna）的論述結構與修辭技巧，將這些分析作為對文本進行詮釋的基礎。接著，論文透過比較佛典譬喻與現代修辭譬喻，解析《星雲說喻》中譬喻的定義、功能和應用，並分析其在傳達佛教教義中的作用。特別是對三業清淨、倫理關係和人間淨土等理念的闡述，展示星雲大師如何將傳統佛教思想與現代生活相結合，以引導讀者實踐佛法於日常生活中。　　爾後進一步探討《星雲說喻》中所呈現的六度波羅蜜，包括布施、持戒、忍辱、精進、禪定和般若，並分析這些菩薩行在故事中的具體體現及其教育意義。最後，本文提出未來研究的方向和建議，期望能為人間佛教的研究提供更多的視角和參考。[[abstract]]　　This study focuses on " Venerable Master Hsing Yun’s Bodhi Light Tales" as its main research subject, analyzing the stories, parables, and symbols within the text to explore their didactic implications and interpretations of Buddhist teachings. The primary aim of the research is to deeply understand how "Xingyun Shuoyu" conveys the core principles of Buddhism through literary forms, especially the practice of the Six Pāramitās (Perfections).　　Firstly, the research reviews the narrative structure and rhetorical techniques of parables in Buddhist scriptures as a foundation for interpreting the text. Then, by comparing the parables in Buddhist scriptures with modern rhetorical parables, the thesis defines, functions, and applies the parables in "Xingyun Shuoyu" and analyzes their role in conveying Buddhist teachings. Particularly, it elucidates concepts such as the purification of the three karmas, ethical relationships, and the Pure Land on earth, showcasing how Master Hsing Yun integrates traditional Buddhist thought with modern life to guide readers in practicing Buddhism in their daily lives.　　Subsequently, the study further investigates the presentation of the Six Pāramitās in "Xingyun Shuoyu," including generosity, morality, patience, effort, meditation, and wisdom. It analyzes the specific manifestations and educational significance of these Bodhisattva practices within the stories. Finally, the thesis proposes future research directions and suggestions, aiming to provide more perspectives and references for the study of Humanistic Buddhism

[[alternative]]Application of Derivative Extracts of Black Soldier Fly Chitosan in Fruit Preservatives

[[abstract]]　　本研究的目的係從黑水虻(BSF)中萃取甲殼素並將其代謝成殼聚糖，然後將其作為水果表面之塗層(Coating)，實驗結果發現其能有效地減少多種有害微生物，並延長水果之保鮮期。甲殼素的提取需先進行除油，然後在高溫下溶解於酸性和鹼性溶液。甲殼素向殼聚糖的轉化是通過使用NaOH的氧化還原步驟完成。經連續發酵條件處理，蛹甲殼素的脫蛋白率（DP）、脫鹽率（DM）、甲殼素得率（CY）和去乙醯化（DD）分別為80.58%、86.32%、60.56%和30.28%。　　本研究係以木瓜進行實驗，由於木瓜果實具有更年期特徵，這意味著隨著成熟，其呼吸速率會增加。 透過用殼聚醣（一種由黑水虻蛹製成的聚合物）覆蓋木瓜果實，可以降低其成熟度。 研究結果與對照組相較可得，將殼聚醣應用於水果塗層可以將木瓜的保質期延長三到四天，並且重量幾乎保持不變，係因殼聚醣會抑制木瓜果實於儲存過程出汗之速度。因此本研究實驗結果證明，黑水虻蛹萃取之殼聚醣具有可用於保存木瓜果實之物理特性。[[abstract]]　　This study aimed to extract chitin and convert it into chitosan from black soldier flies (BSF). After that, these materials were applied on fruit as coatings, and it was discovered that this increased the items' shelf life and effectively reduced a wide range of hazardous microorganisms. In order to extract chitin, oil had to be removed and then the material had to dissolve at high temperatures in both acidic and alkaline solutions. Under continuous fermentation conditions, the deproteinization (DP) rate, demineralization (DM) rate, chitin yield (CY), and deacetylation degree (DD) of puparium chitin were 80.58%, 86.32%, 60.56%, and 30.28%, respectively. 　　The papaya fruit is climacteric, meaning that as it ripens, its respiration rate increases. Papaya fruit maturity can be reduced by covering them with chitosan, a polymer made from the black soldier fly pupae. The findings demonstrated that applying chitosan to fruit coatings can increase the shelf life of papayas by three or four days when compared to the control group and the weight remained almost unchanged. This is because the chitosan inhibits the rate at which papaya fruits sweat while being stored. Chitosan was useful in preserving physical characteristics of papaya fruits

[[alternative]]A Study on the Impacts of Social Participation on Aging Experiences in Elderly Male: The Analysis of Cases at C-LTC Stations

[[abstract]]　　嘉義縣高齡人口比例在 2022 年進入超高齡社會（super-aged society），社區關懷據點自長照 1.0 於社區長照服務體系耕耘，並在長期照顧服務計畫 2.0（2017－2026）鼓勵下轉型為社照 C 據點（C-LTC），目的為提供更完善的照顧服務。然基於保障高齡者獨立、參與、照顧、自我實現與尊嚴之基本福旨，使用健康促進活動服務項目之男性人次遠低於女性。本研究以半結構式訪談 12 位持續參與社照Ｃ據點之男性長輩，藉由持續性比較分析法彙整文本資料，探討長照 C 據點男性參與者的老年生活調適，以及其在參與據點活動過程的相互影響。[[abstract]]　　The proportion of the elderly population in Chiayi County will enter the super-aged society in 2022. The community care base has been working in the community long term care service system since Long-term Care 1.0 (LTC), and has been transformed with the encouragement of the LTC 2.0 (2017-2026). It is the C-LTC Stations, with the purpose of providing more complete care services. However, based on the basic purpose of protecting the independence, participation, care, self-realization and dignity of the elderly, the number of men using health promotion activity services is much lower than women. This study uses semi-structured interviews with 12 elderly male who continue to participate in the C-LTC Stations, and uses continuous comparative analysis to compile textual data. Exploring the living adjustments and influences of elderly male participants in C-LTC Stations

[[alternative]]Association Among Continuous Prāṇāyāma Practice and Fatigue, Sleep and Mental Health in COVID-19 Recovered Patients

[[abstract]]　　背景及目的：全球在歷經逾三年的疫情席捲之後，世界衛生組織(WHO)於2023年5月公布新冠肺炎(COVID-19)自緊急事件轉變為長期持續的疾病預防、控制和管理，但仍有為數甚多的新冠肺炎染疫康復者深受新冠肺炎染後徵候群(Post COVID-19 Condition)所困擾，其中最常見的症狀如疲勞、睡眠障礙、焦慮等；而在疫情之前，這些症狀也是近代普遍探究的健康議題。瑜伽呼吸法，梵文轉寫為Prāṇāyāma，亦稱為生命能控制法，是瑜伽專有名詞，廣義的瑜伽呼吸法亦稱為瑜伽呼吸練習(Yogic Breathing Practice)，在COVID-19疫情期間被用來預防、治療與疫後護理。本研究目的在探討實踐瑜伽呼吸法練習與個體在疫情期間的心理健康狀態，染疫時確診症狀嚴重程度，以及康復後疲勞與睡眠品質的相關性。　　材料及方法：本研究以立意取樣方式，用橫斷式結構性問卷進行資料收集與分析，研究對象為日常有實踐呼吸法練習且有新冠肺炎染疫康復經驗，年齡在20歲以上的民眾；透過網路問卷匿名方式，收集期間為民國112年8月10日至112年10月10日，內容及評估工具為：基本資料，練習行為與練習期間，華人健康調查量表(CHQ-12)，染疫後功能量表(PCFS)，疲勞量表(FS-14)，中文版匹茲堡睡眠品質量表(CPSQI)。資料收集後以SPSS 18.0軟體為分析工具，統計水準以P<0.05表示有統計上的意義。　　結果：本研究共收到200份回覆。研究結果顯示，有高達逾九成參與者，在確診時的症狀嚴重程度對個體功能為無影響至輕度影響；實踐瑜伽呼吸法與個體心理健康、確診時的症狀嚴重程度，以及康復後的疲勞與睡眠品質有相關性。持續練習期間與心理健康、疲勞程度、睡眠品質皆具有顯著的差異性(p < .001)。近七成研究參與者在疫情期間之心理健康狀態相對良好，持續練習期間越長者狀態越穩定，而練習行為是否規律、是否定時定量以及每次練習時間長短對於心理健康的差異性不大。練習行為結果顯示，越是規律性練習者其每次練習時間較長，也較能長期地持續練習。　　結論：呼吸法練習是一種相對容易掌握與執行的方法，本研究發現瑜伽呼吸法練習並且持續實踐，有助於維持個體在染疫後之身心健康狀態，本研究結果期能提供呼吸法練習推廣與未來相關學術研究之參考，以及新冠肺炎後遺症防治之潛在臨床意義與參考。[[abstract]]　　Background and Purpose：Many individuals recovering from COVID-19 continue to endure post-COVID-19 symptoms. Common issues include fatigue, sleep disorders, and anxiety, which were prevalent health concerns before the pandemic. Pranayama, known as yogic breathing practice, has been employed during the COVID-19 pandemic for prevention, treatment, and post-recovery care. This study aims to investigate the correlated effects of continuous Pranayama practice on the fatigue, sleep quality, and mental health of individuals who have recovered from COVID-19.　　Materials and Methods：This study employs a cross-sectional questionnaire survey to recruit Pranayama practitioners who have experienced recovering from COVID-19. All participants willingly agreed to take part in this research and successfully fulfilled the online questionnaire. Data collection transpired from August 10, 2023, to October 10, 2023. The questionnaire encompasses basic information, the Chinese Health Questionnaire, Post-COVID-19 Functional Status, Fatigue Scale-14 and the Chinese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Analytically, statistical methods involve descriptive statistics, single-factor variation analysis, and correlation analysis.　　Results：This study gathered 200 valid samples, revealing a correlation between consistent Pranayama practice and fatigue, sleep quality, and mental health. Over 90% of the participants had symptoms ranging from asymptomatic to mild symptoms when they were diagnosed with COVID-19. Approximately 70% reported relatively good mental health during the pandemic, with a prolonged duration of continuous practice associated with more stable menta health. Results pertaining to practice behavior suggest that individuals engaging in more regular practice tend to have longer sessions and are more inclined to sustain their practice over the long term.　　Conclusion：Pranayama practice is an easy-to-implement method. This study found that continuous practice of yogic breathing can help maintain physical and mental health post-epidemic. The study results can provide reference for the promotion of pranayama practices, relevant research, and the prevention and treatment of post-COVID-19

[[alternative]]Study on the Relationship among Mind Mapping Course Perception, Learning Motivation, Learning Attitude, and Learning Effectivenes

[[abstract]]　　為了讓學習變得更有趣且更有效率，本研究引入心智圖方法，探討其是否能夠協助老師、志工老師及家長，在學習心智圖課程後有所幫助。本研究以學校老師及社區品格讀經班的志工老師與家長們為研究對象，透過網路進行問卷調查，共回收208份問卷。運用SPSS統計軟體，將回收之問卷進行信度分析、效度分析、敘述性統計、獨立樣本 T 檢定、單因子變異數分析、相關分析及迴歸分析等統計方法進行分析，以瞭解學習心智圖課程過程中，從學習動機、學習態度與學習成效等，各個變項是否有關係。　　研究結果顯示，在差異性分析方面， (1)女性相較於男性更喜歡學習心智圖課程。(2)職業以教師最高。背景變項在獨立樣本 T 檢定中，男性與女性心智圖課程與學習動機無顯著差異，但是在學習態度與學習成效則有顯著差異。另外背景變項的年齡與職業的單因子變異數分析與心智圖課程、學習動機、學習態度與學習成效都無顯著差異。心智圖課程、學習動機、學習態度與學習成效等四個變項進行 Pearson 積分差相關來檢驗是否有線性相關，分析結果顯示心智圖課程與學習動機、學習態度、學習成效、彼此都呈現顯著的正相關，所以四個變項，兩兩之間是具有相關性。迴歸分析結果，四個變項之間，都有顯著正向影響。[[abstract]]　　To make learning more engaging and efficient, this study introduces the mind map method to explore its potential to assist teachers, volunteer teachers, and parents after learning the mind map course. The study targets school teachers and volunteer teachers and parents from community character education classes. Through an online questionnaire survey, a total of 208 questionnaires were collected. Using SPSS statistical software, the collected questionnaires were analyzed through reliability analysis, validity analysis, descriptive statistics, independent sample T-test, one-way ANOVA, correlation analysis, and regression analysis to understand the relationships between various variables such as learning motivation, learning attitude, and learning effectiveness in the process of learning the mind map course.　　The research results show that in terms of difference analysis: (1) Females are more interested in learning the mind mapping course compared to males. (2) The highest occupation category is teachers. The background variables show no significant difference in learning motivation between males and females in the independent samples T-test for the mind mapping course, but there are significant differences in learning attitude and learning effectiveness. Additionally, the one-way ANOVA for background variables of age and occupation shows no significant difference with the mind mapping course, learning motivation, learning attitude, and learning effectiveness. Pearson correlation analysis of the four variables-mind mapping course, learning motivation, learning attitude, and learning effectiveness-shows significant positive correlations among them, indicating that the variables are interrelated. Regression analysis results show significant positive influences among the four variables

[[alternative]]Interpreting Lewis Carroll’s Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass from the Perspective of Russian Formalism

[[abstract]]　　俄國形式主義的兩位主要代表人物，什克洛夫斯基(Viktor Shklovsky)及雅各布森(Roman Jakobson)在二十世紀初期，提出了「陌生化」及「文學性」兩項重要的革命式論述來試圖取代舊文藝觀。將文學的研究焦點從作家背景、社會環境、哲學及心理學等外在因素，回歸到作品文本本身的主體性來加以研究探討。形式主義者認為唯有透過研究文學作品本身所形成的文字效果、結構、修辭和風格等特點，才能找到文學本身的內在規律，這種純粹「文學性」研究，才能使文學成為一門獨立的科學。　　本論文以「陌生化」及「文學性」兩大形式主義論點來討論路易斯・卡洛爾的《愛麗絲夢遊奇境》及《鏡中奇緣》這兩本經典的童書。利用「去熟悉化」的原則及「語言加工」的技巧來分析這兩本《愛麗絲》書。其中第二章介紹俄國形式主義的興起背景。第三章，討論空間、時間及角色的創造如何被陌生化，以凸顯出此兩書獨特的創作之處。而第四章利用語言學中各種語言加工的雙關語、同音語、語意及邏輯所產生的荒謬效果，如何讓這兩本《愛麗絲》書成為經典童書。[[abstract]]　　In the early 20th century, two key figures of Russian Formalism, Viktor Shklovsky and Roman Jakobson, proposed two revolutionary concepts, "defamiliarization" and "literariness," in an attempt to replace the traditional literary perspectives. They aimed to shift the focus of literary studies from external factors such as the author's background, social environment, philosophy, and psychology to the subjectivity of the literary text itself. Formalists believed that by examining the textual effects, structures, rhetoric, and styles formed within literary works, one could discover the inherent rules of literature. This pure study of "literariness" would then elevate literature to an independent science.　　This paper discusses Lewis Carroll's classic children's books, Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass, using the two major Formalist arguments of "defamiliarization" and "literariness." The analysis employs the principles of "estrangement" and the techniques of "language processing" to examine these two "Alice" books. The second chapter introduces the background of the rise of Russian Formalism. In the third chapter, the discussion revolves around how the creation of space, time, and characters is defamiliarized to highlight the unique aspects of these two books. The fourth chapter analyzes the absurd effects generated by various linguistic processes in semantics, logic, puns, and homophones, illustrating how these elements contribute to the status of these two "Alice" books as classic children's literature

[[alternative]]A Research on Ruan Ji’s “Yung Huai Shih”

[[abstract]]　　阮籍（210-263）是中國詩歌史上最重要的詩人之一，其五言詠懷詩藝術上代表了五言詩的成熟，內容曲折地反映了當時社會的種種，格調之高是詩歌史上所少見，詠懷組詩的形式與精神更影響了後世眾多詩人。本論文試圖探討阮籍辭賦對詠懷詩的影響，同時也論述時代背景、阮籍生平與詠懷詩之間的關係。本論聚焦理解詩歌中對禮法名教的批判、探索詠懷詩中的理想人格、研究阮籍的詩作特色及瞭解阮籍詠懷詩對後世的影響。　　本論文主要分為五章，第一章〈緒論〉研究動機與目的，文獻探討，研究方法與架構。第二章〈阮籍的身世、時代與文學觀〉生平經歷與父母影響，魏晉時期的政局、風氣，玄學與文學發展，阮籍的詠懷詩。第三章〈詠懷詩的思想情懷與藝術手法〉詠懷詩的風格技巧，詠懷詩的修辭技巧。第四章〈阮籍詠懷詩特色及在歷史上的影響〉詠懷詩的組詩體制與意象組合，詩文影響，老莊的影響，出世與入世的影響，現實意義。第五章為結論與展望。[[abstract]]　　Ruan Ji (210-263) is one of the most important poets in the history of Chinese poetry. His five character poetry represents the maturity of five-character poetry, and the content tortuously reflects various issues in society at that time. The rich texture is rare in the history of poetry, and the style and spirit of his poetry have influenced many poets in later generations. This thesis attempts to explore the influence of Ruan Ji's poetics on the poetry of Yonghuai Poem, and also discusses the background of the times, the relationship between Ruan Ji's life and Yonghuai Poem. This thesis focuses on realizing the criticism of code of ethics in poetry, exploring the ideal personality in Yonghuai Poem, studying the characteristics of Ruan Ji's poetry, and understanding the impact of Ruan Ji's poetry on future generations.　　This thesis is mainly divided into five chapters. The first chapter introduces the research motivation and purpose, literature review, methodology, and framework. Chapter 2 ,entitled Ruan Ji's Life and spirit, takes a closer look at his life experience and parents' Influence, including the political situation, society, metaphysics, and literature development during the Wei and Jin Dynasties, and Ruan Ji's poems. Chapter 3 contains the artistic techniques and the rhetorical skills of Yonghuai Poem. In Chapter 4, poetic system and image combination, the influence of the verses, Laozi and Zhuangzi, death and birth, and the practical significance are discussed. Chapter 5 is the conclusion and recommendations