第十八届美国理论与应用力学大会总结

1会议概况2018年6月5—9日,第18届美国理论与应用力学大会(18th U.S. National Congress of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, USNCTAM2018)在美国芝加哥召开.本次大会由美国力学国家委员会和中国力学学会联合主办,旨在探讨和交流近四年世界范围内在理论和应用力学领域的基础研究、创新技术的最新进展,吸引了来自世界各地的近千名专家学

基于仿生模式识别与传统模式识别的人脸识别效果比较研究

本文实现了一种基于仿生模式识别的人脸识别系统,并将其识别效果同最近邻分类器与不同核函数的SVM进行了分析比较.以ORL人脸库为识别对象,针对有"拒识"的情况下,通过改变不同识别算法的可调参数,在保证参与训练人的正确识别率在大致相同水平的条件下,分析了参与训练人的错误识别率(错识别为参与训练的其他人)与未参与训练人的错误接受率(错识别为参与训练的某人)的优劣.比较结果表明,基于仿生模式识别的方法明显优于其它模式识别方法

复杂背景下多姿态人脸快速检测算法

通过对图像进行预处理(似眼物检测),不但缩小了人脸检测的搜索空间,而且将复杂背景下多姿态多人脸检测简化为在候选区域内,已知大致的人脸尺度情况下正面端正单人脸检测问题,并结合多模板匹配与规则验证完成了人脸区域的最后确定.实验结果表明该算法具有较高的速度和检测成功率

有效去除图像中脉冲噪声的新型滤波算法

提出一种基于局部极值噪声检测的迭代中值滤波算法。该算法集中了minmax算法与PSM算法各自的优势，并将两种算法有机地结合起来，经过实验仿真并与其他滤波算法进行比较表明，该算法可以有效地去除图像中的脉冲噪声，尤其是在噪声密度非常大的情况下表现了很好的性能

相变储热材料研究进展

对储热特别是相变储热材料的研究进展进行了综述.根据不同相变温度对相变储热材料进行分类,重点介绍了目前广泛应用的相变储热材料的重要性能、制备方法、应用及存在的问题,并对相变储热材料的下一步研究进行了展望,提出将相变材料的研究与相变储热换热器和热管理理念相结合是发展高效储能系统的主流发展方向

相变储热材料研究进展

对储热特别是相变储热材料的研究进展进行了综述.根据不同相变温度对相变储热材料进行分类,重点介绍了目前广泛应用的相变储热材料的重要性能、制备方法、应用及存在的问题,并对相变储热材料的下一步研究进行了展望,提出将相变材料的研究与相变储热换热器和热管理理念相结合是发展高效储能系统的主流发展方向

相变储热材料研究进展

对储热特别是相变储热材料的研究进展进行了综述.根据不同相变温度对相变储热材料进行分类,重点介绍了目前广泛应用的相变储热材料的重要性能、制备方法、应用及存在的问题,并对相变储热材料的下一步研究进行了展望,提出将相变材料的研究与相变储热换热器和热管理理念相结合是发展高效储能系统的主流发展方向

北山造山带古生代浊积岩构造环境探讨及其大地构造意义/Tectonic settings of Paleozoic turbidites in the Beishan orogen and its implications for regional accretionary tectonics[J]

北山造山带是研究中亚造山带增生造山的关键地区之一,浊积岩是增生造山带的重要组成部分.北山古生代浊积岩主要出露于营毛沱、柳园和黑山口地区.营毛沱浊积岩发育于下奥陶统,古水流方向由南向北,内部砂岩具中高等风化程度的长英质源区,构造背景为被动陆缘.早二叠世柳园浊积岩内部砂岩具低到中等风化程度的中基性源区,构造背景为大洋岛弧.早二叠世黑山口浊积岩中的砂岩源区具中等风化程度,环境相对柳园砂岩较为稳定,和长英质源区的沉积岩具相似性,构造环境可能为活动陆缘弧.对北山古生代浊积岩的解剖揭示北山古生代经历了复杂的俯冲增生过程.早古生代花牛山—火石山一带发育向北的俯冲,火石山南部被动陆缘形成营毛沱浊积岩,之后的俯冲带局部后撤形成泥盆纪墩墩山岛弧.柳园地区晚古生代洋壳向花牛山和石板山岛弧带俯冲分别形成了柳园和黑山口浊积岩.本研究支持北山增生时间持续到早二叠世的观点,对认识天山、索伦缝合带的衔接对比研究具有重要的意义

Aripiprazole versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia

BACKGROUND: In most western industrialised countries, second generation (atypical) antipsychotics are recommended as first line drug treatments for people with schizophrenia. In this review we specifically examine how the efficacy and tolerability of one such agent - aripiprazole - differs from that of other comparable second generation antipsychotics. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of aripiprazole compared with other atypical antipsychotics for people with schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychoses. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group Trials Register (November 2011), inspected references of all identified studies for further trials, and contacted relevant pharmaceutical companies, drug approval agencies and authors of trials for additional information. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included all randomised clinical trials (RCTs) comparing aripiprazole (oral) with oral and parenteral forms of amisulpride, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, sertindole, ziprasidone or zotepine for people with schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like psychoses. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We extracted data independently. For dichotomous data we calculated risk ratios (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) on an intention-to-treat basis based on a random-effects model. Where possible, we calculated illustrative comparative risks for primary outcomes. For continuous data, we calculated mean differences (MD), again based on a random-effects model. We assessed risk of bias for each included study. MAIN RESULTS: We included 12 trials involving 6389 patients. Aripiprazole was compared to olanzapine, risperidone and ziprasidone. All trials were sponsored by an interested drug manufacturer. The overall number of participants leaving studies early was 30% to 40%, limiting validity (no differences between groups).When compared with olanzapine no differences were apparent for global state (no clinically important change: n = 703, 1 RCT, RR short-term 1.00 95% CI 0.81 to 1.22; n = 317, 1 RCT, RR medium-term 1.08 95% CI 0.95 to 1.22) but mental state tended to favour olanzapine (n = 1360, 3 RCTs, MD total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) 4.68 95% CI 2.21 to 7.16). There was no significant difference in extrapyramidal symptoms (n = 529, 2 RCTs, RR 0.99 95% CI 0.62 to 1.59) but fewer in the aripiprazole group had increased cholesterol levels (n = 223, 1 RCT, RR 0.32 95% CI 0.19 to 0.54) or weight gain of 7% or more of total body weight (n = 1095, 3 RCTs, RR 0.39 95% CI 0.28 to 0.54).When compared with risperidone, aripiprazole showed no advantage in terms of global state (n = 384, 2 RCTs, RR no important improvement 1.14 95% CI 0.81 to 1.60) or mental state (n = 372, 2 RCTs, MD total PANSS 1.50 95% CI -2.96 to 5.96).One study compared aripiprazole with ziprasidone (n = 247) and both the groups reported similar change in the global state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD average change in Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) score -0.03 95% CI -0.28 to 0.22) and mental state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD change PANSS -3.00 95% CI -7.29 to 1.29).When compared with any one of several new generation antipsychotic drugs the aripiprazole group showed improvement in global state in energy (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.69 95% CI 0.56 to 0.84), mood (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.77 95% CI 0.65 to 0.92), negative symptoms (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.82 95% CI 0.68 to 0.99), somnolence (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.80 95% CI 0.69 to 0.93) and weight gain (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.84 95% CI 0.76 to 0.94). Significantly more people given aripiprazole reported symptoms of nausea (n = 2881, 3 RCTs, RR 3.13 95% CI 2.12 to 4.61) but weight gain (7% or more of total body weight) was less common in people allocated aripiprazole (n = 330, 1 RCT, RR 0.35 95% CI 0.19 to 0.64). Aripiprazole may have value in aggression but data are limited. This will be the focus of another review. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Information on all comparisons are of limited quality, are incomplete and problematic to apply clinically. Aripiprazole is an antipsychotic drug with a variant but not absent adverse effect profile. Long-term data are sparse and there is considerable scope for another update of this review as new data emerges from the many Chinese studies as well as from ongoing larger, independent pragmatic trials