Творчі завдання на заняттях з вивчення англійської мови (Imaginative activities at the language class)

Стаття присвячена творчим завданням на заняттях з іноземної мови для професійного спілкування. Ці завдання, засновані на реальних життєвих ситуаціях, можуть бути використані на регулярній основі і зазвичай виконуються шляхом обговорення в групах. Також наведені приклади творчих завдань для груп з різним рівнем володіння іноземною мовою, заснованих на вигаданих оповіданнях, історіях і т.д., націлених на розвиток навичок вирішення завдань для розвитку творчого мислення. (The article is devoted to imaginative activities in teaching foreign languages for professional communication.These tasks are based on real-life situations that can be used on a regular basis and are usually solved by means of discussion. The examples of imaginative activities are based on fictions, incomplete narratives, and they are aimed at problem solving to stimulate creative thinking that have been proposed, as well as tasks for different levels. Creative tasks work best if they are an integral part of the course. They are not intended to supplant skill-getting segments, as these two types of learning interact. They can be used at all levels.

Письмові навички при вивченні англійської мови як іноземної. Теоретичні перспективи

Ця стаття присвячена проблемам, пов’язаним з навчанням навичкам письма. Основною метою статті є аспекти дискурсу, а також розглядається ефективність повідомлень, мовних стратегій і ресурсів. Крім того, запропоновано завдання і методи проведення занять, які можуть надати новизни практиці письмових класних занять і зробити свій внесок у розвиток і зміцнення індивідуальних і соціальних ідентичностей студентів через функціонально орієнтовані тексти. (This article is devoted to some problems referred to teaching writing skills. The objective of the article is to highlight the discourse dimension, the effectiveness of the message as a whole, the linguistic strategies and resources. Moreover, the tasks proposed may provide an invigorating effect on classroom writing practices and contribute to the development and reinforcement of the students’ individual and social identities through functionally oriented texts.

Овладение иностранным языком и преподавание (Оволодіння іноземною мовою і викладання) (Second language acquisition and language teaching)

В настоящей работе рассматривается роль, которую сыграли исследования в области овладения вторым языком в двух последних педагогических концепциях: во-первых, это коммуникативное преподавание, пропагандируемое в начале девяностых годов, в котором основное внимание было уделено принципам; во-вторых, более поздние исследования о необходимости сосредоточить внимание на смысловой структуре учебных программах. В статье рассматриваются два смежных педагогических вопроса: выбор языковых форм в целенаправленном обучении и его преимуществах в зависимости от индивидуальных факторов и контекста обучения. (У роботі розглядається роль, яку зіграли дослідження в області оволодіння другою мовою в двох останніх педагогічних концепціях: по-перше, це комунікативне викладання, що пропагується на початку дев’яностих років, в якому основна увага була приділена принципам; по-друге, більш пізні дослідження про необхідність зосередити увагу на смисловій структурі навчальних программах.В статті розглядаються два суміжних педагогічних питання: вибір мовних форм в цілеспрямованому навчанні і його переваги в залежності від індивідуальних чинників і контексту навчання.) (The present paper reviews the role that second language acquisition research has played on two recent pedagogical proposals. First, communicative language teaching, advocated in the early nineties, in which focus on the code was excluded, and then the more recent research-based proposals of integrating some degree of focus on form in meaning-based curricula. The paper deals with two related pedagogical issues: the choice of linguistic forms in focused instruction and its benefits depending on individual factors and the learning context.

Cardiovascular Risk Reduction with Icosapent Ethyl for Hypertriglyceridemia

BACKGROUND Patients with elevated triglyceride levels are at increased risk for ischemic events. Icosapent ethyl, a highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester, lowers triglyceride levels, but data are needed to determine its effects on ischemic events. METHODS We performed a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving patients with established cardiovascular disease or with diabetes and other risk factors, who had been receiving statin therapy and who had a fasting triglyceride level of 135 to 499 mg per deciliter (1.52 to 5.63 mmol per liter) and a low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level of 41 to 100 mg per deciliter (1.06 to 2.59 mmol per liter). The patients were randomly assigned to receive 2 g of icosapent ethyl twice daily (total daily dose, 4 g) or placebo. The primary end point was a composite of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, coronary revascularization, or unstable angina. The key secondary end point was a composite of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke. RESULTS A total of 8179 patients were enrolled (70.7% for secondary prevention of cardiovascular events) and were followed for a median of 4.9 years. A primary end-point event occurred in 17.2% of the patients in the icosapent ethyl group, as compared with 22.0% of the patients in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.68 to 0.83; P<0.001); the corresponding rates of the key secondary end point were 11.2% and 14.8% (hazard ratio, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.65 to 0.83; P<0.001). The rates of additional ischemic end points, as assessed according to a prespecified hierarchical schema, were significantly lower in the icosapent ethyl group than in the placebo group, including the rate of cardiovascular death (4.3% vs. 5.2%; hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.66 to 0.98; P=0.03). A larger percentage of patients in the icosapent ethyl group than in the placebo group were hospitalized for atrial fibrillation or flutter (3.1% vs. 2.1%, P=0.004). Serious bleeding events occurred in 2.7% of the patients in the icosapent ethyl group and in 2.1% in the placebo group (P=0.06). CONCLUSIONS Among patients with elevated triglyceride levels despite the use of statins, the risk of ischemic events, including cardiovascular death, was significantly lower among those who received 2 g of icosapent ethyl twice daily than among those who received placebo. (Funded by Amarin Pharma; REDUCE-IT ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01492361

Development of A Method of Providing Ergonomics of A Web-interface for Customers of A Virtual Instrument-making Enterprise with Limited Physical Capabilities

A method has been developed and implemented to ensure the ergonomics of using the Web interface for customers of a virtual instrument-making enterprise with limited capabilities through the use of expert systems. The essence of this method is to supplement the dialog component of the Information and Analytical Portal (IAP) with a specialized shell of the expert system (ES), which, being filled with knowledge about the limited capabilities of users caused by various pathologies, makes it possible to adapt the interface in the dialogue to the capabilities of a particular user. implementations of this solution method are fully consistent with the results obtained using the principles of interface improvement. However, due to the use in this synthesis method of various approaches to the technology of expert systems development, additional opportunities open up in solving the problem of providing the convenience of using the interface for customers with limited capabilities. When using the proposed method, it becomes possible to simplify the procedure of interaction "man-machine", to solve the problems of people with disabilities, to increase the volume of consumers who have access to advanced information technologies. These facts, confirmed by the results of numerical modeling, showed the effectiveness of the presented method and an individual approach to users with disabilities. The software implementation of the logical-linguistic hierarchical model on the example of “strong myopia” with the help of the production shell ES is proposed and substantiated. As the initial data, information about hardware was used, the use of which, in appropriate cases, will make it possible to increase the ergonomics of the IAP for users with disabilities

Use of anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents in stable outpatients with coronary artery disease and atrial fibrillation. International clarify registry

© 2015 Fauchier et al. Background: Few data are available regarding the use of antithrombotic strategies in coronary artery disease patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) in everyday practice. We sought to describe the prevalence of AF and its antithrombotic management in a contemporary population of patients with stable coronary artery disease. Methods and Findings: CLARIFY is an international, prospective, longitudinal registry of outpatients with stable coronary artery disease, defined as prior (=12 months) myocardial infarction, revascularization procedure, coronary stenosis &gt;50%, or chest pain associated with evidence of myocardial ischemia. Overall, 33,428 patients were screened, of whom 32,954 had data available for analysis at baseline; of these 2,229 (6.7%) had a history of AF. Median (interquartile range) CHA&lt;inf&gt;2&lt;/inf&gt;DS&lt;inf&gt;2&lt;/inf&gt;-VASc score was 4 (3, 5). Oral anticoagulation alone was used in 25.7%, antiplatelet therapy alone in 52.8% (single 41.8%, dual 11.0%), and both in 21.5%. OAC use was independently associated with permanent AF (p&lt;0.001), CHA&lt;inf&gt;2&lt;/inf&gt;DS&lt;inf&gt;2&lt;/inf&gt;-VASc score (p=0.006), pacemaker (p&lt;0.001), stroke (p=0.04), absence of angina (p=0.004), decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (p&lt;0.001), increased waist circumference (p=0.005), and longer history of coronary artery disease (p=0.008). History of percutaneous coronary intervention (p=0.004) and no/partial reimbursement for cardiovascular medication (p=0.01, p&lt;0.001, respectively) were associated with reduced oral anticoagulant use. Conclusions: In this contemporary cohort of patients with stable coronary artery disease and AF, most of whom are theoretical candidates for anticoagulation, oral anticoagulants were used in only 47.2%. Half of the patients received antiplatelet therapy alone and one-fifth received both antiplatelets and oral anticoagulants. Efforts are needed to improve adherence to guidelines in these patients. Trial Registration: ISRCTN registry of clinical trials: ISRCTN43070564