Status and temporal dynamics of the flora and vegetation of the Deliblaot Sands

U  radu  je  analizirana  flora  i  vegetacija  Deliblatske peščare. Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrđivanje  recentnog stanja  i  osnovnih  karakteristika  flore  Deliblatske peščare,  ali  i  analiza  dinamike  flore  Deliblatske peščare u poslednjih 220 godina. Jedan od ciljeva je bila analiza sukcesivnih promena u flori i vegetaciji Deliblatske  peščare  i  predikcija  njihovog  pravca  i kvaliteta,  kao  i  utvrđivanje  diverziteta  i sintaksonomske šeme vegetacije Deliblatske peščare uz klasifikaciju problematičnih vegetacijskih grupa u širem aspektu- na nivou čitave Srbije, ali i Pontskog i Panonskog regiona. Terenska istraživanja su vršena u periodu  2012-2018  godine.  Floristički  podaci  su uzimani  na  istim  lokalitetima  kao  i  fitocenološki snimci.  Ukupno  je  uzeto  282  fitocenološka  snimka metodom po Braun-Blankeu. Za florističku analizu je obrađena  301  referenca,  a  na  terenu  su  prikupljeni podaci  za  440  vrsta,  od  kojih  je  6  po  prvi  put registrovano na ovom području. U florističku analizu je uključeno  ukupno prikupljenih  9.887  podataka. U radu je dat floristički pregled u vidu spiska taksona koji  su  zabeleženi  na  Deliblatskoj  peščari  (ima  ih 1072),  sa  lokalitetima  na  kojima  su  do  sada pronađeni,  obeleženi  su  prvi  nalazi  za  vrste  i podvrste, a obeležene su i vrste koje su potvrđene na terenskim  istraživanjima  u  okviru  ove  disertacije. Floristička  analiza  je  realizovana  klasičnim numeričkim  metodama,  u  cilju  prezentacije najzastupljenijih  familija,  rodova,  životnih  formi  i horotipova.  Predstavljene  su  endemične,  reliktne  i ugrožene  i  ivnazivne  vrste  Peščare.  Na  Deliblatskoj peščari je zabeleženo 16 endemskih, 22 reliktnih, 49 strogo  zaštićenih,  8  iz  Crvenje  knjige  flore  Srbije  i 54  invazivna  taksona.  Dinamika  florističkih istraživanja  je  predstavljena  analizom   literaturnih podataka i dinamike istraživanja ovog područja, a u skladu  sa  značajnim  društvenim  promenama područja,  od  kojih  se  kao  najznačajniji  momenat izdvaja  početak  pošumljavanja  Peščare.  U  pregledu vegetacije  Deliblatske  peščare  su  predstavljeni najznačajniji vegetacijski tipovi ovog područja, date su  fitocenološke  tabele  snimaka  koji  su  za  ove zajednice  uzeti  u  toku  terenskog  istraživanja, fotografije zajednica i mape sa tačkama na kojima su uzimani  snimci.  U  okviru  pregleda  vegetacije Deliblatske peščare, pored već poznatih vegetacijskih jedinica,  po  prvi  put  su  predstavljene  tri  asocijacije autohtone  vegetacije  i  dve  sastojine  antropogenih zajednica.  U  cilju  razrešavanja  problematike klasifikacije  peščarske  vegetacije,  prikupljeni  su  i analizirani fitocenološki podaci za čitavu Srbiju, ali i ceo  Panonski  i  Pontski  basen.  Na  ovaj  način  je detaljno  razjašnjena  klasifikacija  psamofitskih zajednica  Deliblatske  peščare  do  nivoa subasocijacija. Dinamika  vegetacije  Deliblatske  peščare  je analizirana  praćenjem  sukcesivnih  stadijuma obrastanja  peska  i  zatvaranjem  sklopa  sastojina. Monitoring je podrazumevao i pedološke analize na na  lokalitetima  različitih  vegetacijskih  tipova.  U okviru  praćenja  dinamike  vegetacije,  realizovana  su istraživanja  na  područjima  na  kojima  se  vrši revitalizacija stepskih sastojina. Rezultati ukazuju da je  su  revitalizacijom  postignuti  dobri  rezultati  koje treba  dalje  usmeravati  i  korigovati  u  pravcu postizanja  optimalnih  uslova  za  opstanak  i  razvoj stepske, ali i drugih tipova vegetacije. Rezultati  ove  doktorske  disertacije  daju  dobru osnovu za dalja floristička i vegetacijska istraživanja Deliblatske  peščare,  ali  i  drugih,  sličnih,  prirodnih područja  i  značajan  doprinos  proučavanju  flore  i vegetacije Srbije.In this research was analyzed flora and vegetation of the  Deliblato  Sands.  The  aim  of  the  study  was  to determine the recent state and basic characteristics of the flora of Deliblato Sands, as well as to analyze the dynamics  of  flora  in  the  last  220  years.  One  of  the aims  was  to  analyze  the  successive  changes  in  the flora  and  vegetation  of  Deliblato  Sands  and  the prediction of their direction and  quality. Also, one of the  goals  was  to  determine  the  diversity  and syntaxonomical  scheme  of  vegetation  through classification  of problematic vegetation groups in the wider  aspect  -  at  the  level  of  the  whole  Serbia,  but also of Pontic and Pannonian region. Field  research were  carried  out  in  the  period  2012-2018.  Floristic data were taken at the same sites as phytocenological plots.  In  total,  282  phytosociological  relevés  were taken  using  the  Braun-Blanquet  method.  301 different  references  were  processed  for  floristic analysis  and  data  for  440   species  were  collected  in the field  (6 of them  were registered for the first time in  this  area).  A  total  of  9,887  data  collected  were included in the floristic analysis. The  research  gives a  floristic  overview  in  the  form  of  a  list  of  taxa recorded  in  Deliblato  Sandst  (there  are  1072  taxa), with the localities where they have been  found so far, and  the first findings for species and subspecies are marked, as well as the  species confirmed in the field research  within  this  dissertation.  Floristic  analysis was performed using classical numerical methods, in order  to  present  the  most  represented  families, genera,  life  forms  and  chorotypes.  Endemic,  relict and  endangered  and  invasive  species  of  Sandstone are  presented.  16  endemic,  22  relicts,  49  strictly protected, 8 from the Red Data Book of Serbian flora and 54 invasive taxa have been recorded in Deliblato Sands.  The  dynamics  of  floristic  research  is represented  by  the  analysis  of  literary  data  and  the dynamics  of  research  activities  in  this  area.  In accordance with the significant social changes of the area,  it  is  noted  that  the  most  significant  event  was the  beginning  of  afforestation  of  the  Sand.  The vegetation  overview  of the Deliblato  Sands presents the  most  significant  vegetation  types  of  the  area, provides  phytosociological  tables  of  relevés  takenduring  this  research,  photographs  of  communities and  maps  with  points  where  the  recordings  were taken.  In  addition  to  the  already  known  vegetation units,  within  the  vegetation  review  of  the  Deliblat Sandstone,  three  associations  of  indigenous vegetation  and  two  stands  of  anthropogenic communities  were  presented  for  the  first  time.  In order to solve the problem of classification of sandy vegetation, phytocenological data were collected and analyzed for the whole Republic of Serbia, as well as the  entire  Pannonian  and  Pontic  basin.  In  this  way, the classification of the psammophytic  communities of  the  Deliblato  Sands  to  the  level  of  subassociations was clarified. The vegetation dynamics of the Deliblato Sands were analyzed  by  monitoring  successive  stages  of  sand and  steppe  vegetation.  Monitoring  also  included pedological  analyzes  at  sites  of  different  vegetation types.  As  part  of  the  monitoring  of  vegetation dynamics,  research  has  been  carried  out  in  areas where steppe stands are being revitalized. The results indicate  that  the  revitalization  has  achieved  good results that need to be further directed and corrected in  order  to  achieve  optimal  conditions  for  the survival  and  development  of  steppe  and  other vegetation types. The  results  of  this  doctoral  dissertation  provide  a good  basis  for  further  floristic  and  vegetation research  in  the  Deliblato  sands,  as  well  as  other similar natural areas and a significant contribution to the study of the flora and vegetation of Serbia

Uticaj lajnera na zapaljenje zubne pulpe

Introduction The study included application of liners and dental composites in to cavities of six experimental animals - rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Objective The aim of the study was to investigate rabbit dental pulp response to different liners. Methods Cavity preparation for class V were made on the maxillary central incisors and one lower incisor, while the second lower incisor served as a control tooth. These teeth were restored with the use of one of the following liners - Calcimol LC, ANA Liner and Fuji II LC Improved, and Ceram-X mono dental composite. After an observation period of five days animals were sacrificed and prepared for histological analysis. The existence and degree of the pulp inflammation was determined by using a light microscope. Results Results showed that the used liners do not cause distortion of the structure and continuity of the odontoblastic layer. Inflammation was not registered in the control group, while in each group of tested materials one tooth with mild signs of hyperemia was registered. Results showed that all three tested liners demonstrated favorable effects on the pulp of the tooth and did not lead to inflammatory reactions. Conclusion Histological analysis of the dental pulp of experimental animals suggests that the liners used in this study do not compromise the integrity of the odontoblastic layer, if it is applied over a thin layer of dentin. In each group of tested materials one tooth with mild signs of hyperemia and vasodilation was registered.Uvod Ispitivanje je obuhvatilo primenu lajnera i kompozitnog materijala u kavitete intaktnih zuba šest eksperimentalnih životinja - kunića. Cilj rada Cilj istraživanja je bio da se proveri uticaj različitih lajnera na nastanak i stepen zapaljenja pulpe nakon primene u kavitete zuba kunića. Metode rada Kod svake životinje su urađene preparacije V klase na dva gornja centralna sekutića i na jednom donjem sekutiću, dok je drugi donji sekutić služio kao kontrolni zub. U preparisane kavitete su aplikovani materijali koji su indikovani za primenu kod dubokih kaviteta neposredno pre postavljanja kompozitnih restauracija na zubima: Calcimol LC, ANA Liner i Fuji II LC improved. Svi kaviteti su restaurisani kompozitnim materialom CeramX-mono. Posle opservacionog perioda od pet dana životinje su žrtvovane i pripremljene za histopatološku analizu. Rezultati Svetlosnom mikroskopijom analizirani su postojanje i stepen zapaljenja u zubnoj pulpi. Rezultati su pokazali da korišćeni lajneri ne narušavaju strukturu i kontinuitet odontoblastnog sloja. Na zubima kontrolne grupe nije uočeno zapaljenje, dok je kod testiranih materijala u svakoj grupi zabeležen jedan zub sa blagim znacima hiperemije. Dobijeni rezultati su pokazali da su sva tri ispitana lajnera povoljno uticala na pulpu zuba i nakon aplikacije nisu doveli do zapaljenjskih reakcija u pulpi. Zaključak Histološka analiza zubne pulpe eksperimentalnih životinja je pokazala da lajneri korišćeni u ovom istraživanju ne narušavaju integritet odontoblasta eksperimentalnih životinja ukoliko se nanose preko tankog sloja dentina. Utvrđeno je samo postojanje blage hiperemije i vazodilatacije u po jednom uzorku pulpe zuba zaštićenih testiranim lajnerima

Značaj ulaganja u nauku : regionalna i nacionalna analiza

Ulaganje u naučnoistraživačke delatnosti doprinosi rastu kvaliteta i predstavlja osnovni preduslov za razvoj privrede i društva u celini. Tendencija za postizanjem održivog, inkluzivnog i pametnog rasta podrazumeva značajna izdvajanja novčanih sredstava za istraživanje i razvoj. Praćenje vrednosti ulaganja vrši se putem seta pokazatelja, od kojih je nazastupljeniji bruto domaći izdatak na istraživanje i razvoj kao % bruto domaćeg proizvoda (BDP) (gross domestic expenditure on research and development – GERD). Cilj rada je da pruži prikaz situacije u regionu, uz deskriptivnu analizu situacije u Republici Srbiji i njene pozicije u odnosu na region, a na osnovu praćenja trenda izdvajanja za istraživanja i razvoj (%BDP) i broja objavljenih naučnih radova u referentnim časopisima u periodu od 2000-2013. godine

Diagnostic Value of MPO in Patients Admitted for Suspected Acute Coronary Syndrome- A Study of Adult in Mostar, Bosnia AND Herzegovina

We assessed the diagnostic efficacy of plasma Myeloperoxidasis (MPO) alone or in combination with cardiac troponin I (cTnI) for detecting ACS in patients presenting with chest pain initiating within 24 h before the hospital admission. In this prospective cohort study were included all respondents who have visited outpatient clinic of internal diseases, University Hospital Mostar because of chest pain and suspected acute coronary syndrome within 24 h of the onset of the period of 6 months and the total sample consisted of 114 patients. Troponin and myeloperoxidase were significantly positively correlated at the beginning of treatment, myeloperoxidase was significantly positively associated with adverse cardiovascular events during hospitalization and myocardial infarction (P0.05). Sensitivity of myeloperoxidase as a valid test detection of myocardial infarction at baseline was 0.15 and specificity was 0.85, suggesting good diagnostic value usable in the clinical practice

Povijesni pregled pošumljavanja Deliblatske pješčare

SummaryDeliblato Sands is one of the largest sandy areas in Europe. Given that developing of vegetation on the sand is a slow process, followed by human activities that devastate the plant cover (grazing, deforestation), the free-moving sand on Deliblato Sands exited until the 18th century. Unbound sand hindered the development of agriculture in the entire southern Banat region, so it was necessary to start a more intensive process of restraining sand masses. The afforestation of this area began in 1818 and is still ongoing. In the process of afforestation, nine periods can be recognized that differ in relation to afforestation/reforestation techniques, the choice of species or the organizational structure of the forestry units (and countries) of the area of Deliblato Sands belonged throughout history.The most significant results in the binding of free moving sand were achieved by the application of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) seedlings with juniper scrub (Juniperus communis L.) laid down on open sandy areas and sowing different species of grass between the rows of seedlings. This technique has been applied since the IV afforestation period (1878-1898). The largest areas were afforested in the V period (1898-1918), when parts of Deliblato Sands were formally protected for the first time in history as areas of importance for the preservation of biodiversity. The species most used in afforestation are black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.), Scots pine and black pine (Pinus sylvestris L., Pinus nigra J. F. Arnold), poplars (Populus sp.), and some shrubby (e.g. Juniperus virginiana L.) and herbaceous species (e. g. Ammophilla arenaria (L.) Link, Festuca vaginata Willd., Leymus arenarius (L.) Hochst., Carex arenaria L.). Today, Robinia pseudoacacia L. is most common tree species on Deliblato Sands and it occupies almost a third of the entire area.SažetakDeliblatska peščara jedna je od najvećih peščara u Europi. S obzirom da je obrastanje pijeska spor i dugotrajan proces, praćen ljudskim aktivnostima koje devastiraju biljni pokrov (ispaša, sječa šuma), površine ogoljenog pijeska na Pješčari zadržane su sve do 18. stoljeća. Rastresiti pijesak kočio je razvoj poljoprivrede u regiji cijelog južnog Banata, te je trebalo krenuti u intenzivniji proces obuzdavanja pješčane mase. Pošumljavanje ovog područja počelo je 1818. godine i još uvijek traje. U procesu pošumljavanja može se prepoznati devet razdoblja koja se razlikuju u odnosu na tehnike pošumljavanja, izbor vrste te organizacijski ustroj šumarskih jedinica kojima je područje Pješčare povijesno pripadalo. Najznačajniji rezultati postignuti su u vezivanju rastresitog pijeska korištenjem sadnica bagrema (Robinia pesudoacacia L) u kombinaciji s grmovima borovice (Juniperus communis L.) položenih među redove sadnica i uz sijanje različitih vrsta trava. Ova tehnika primjenjuje se od IV. razdoblja pošumljavanja (1878-1898). Najveća područja pošumljena su tijekom V. razdoblja pošumljavanja (1898.-1918.), kada su dijelovi Pješčare prvi put u povijesti formalno zaštićeni kao područja značajna za očuvanje biološke raznolikosti. Vrste koje su najčešćće korištene u pošumljavanju su bagrem (Robinia pseudoacacia L.), bijeli i crni bor (Pinus sylvestris L., Pinus nigra J. F. Arnold), topola (Populus sp.), a zasađene su i neke grmolike (npr. Juniperus virginiana L.) i zeljaste vrste (npr. Ammophilla arenaria (L.) Link, Festuca vaginata Wild., Leymus arenarius (L.) Hochst., Carex arenaria L.). Danas je u Deliblatskoj peščari bagrem najzastupljenija vrsta, zauzima skoro trećinu cjelokupne površine

Fifteen emerging challenges and opportunities for vegetation science: A horizon scan by early career researchers

With the aim to identify future challenges and opportunities in vegetation science, we brought together a group of 22 early career vegetation scientists from diverse backgrounds to perform a horizon scan. In this contribution, we present a selection of 15 topics that were ranked by participants as the most emergent and impactful for vegetation science in the face of global change. We highlight methodological tools that we expect will play a critical role in resolving emerging issues by providing ways to unveil new aspects of plant community dynamics and structure. These tools include next generation sequencing, plant spectral imaging, process-based species distribution models, resurveying studies and permanent plots. Further, we stress the need to integrate long-term monitoring, the study of novel ecosystems, below-ground traits, pollination interactions and global networks of near-surface microclimate data at fine spatio-temporal resolutions to fully understand and predict the impacts of climate change on vegetation dynamics. We also emphasize the need to integrate traditional forms of knowledge and a diversity of stakeholders into research, teaching, management and policy-making to advance the field of vegetation science. The conclusions reached by this horizon scan naturally reflect the background, expertise and interests of a representative pool of early career vegetation scientists, which should serve as basis for future developments in the field

Phylogenetic structure of European forest vegetation

[Aims] (a) To determine the contribution of current macro-environmental factors in explaining the phylogenetic structure of European forest vegetation, (b) to map and describe spatial patterns in their phylogenetic structure and (c) to examine which lineages are the most important contributors to phylogenetic clustering and whether their contribution varies across forest types and regions. [Location] Europe. [Taxon] Angiosperms. [Methods] We analysed the phylogenetic structure of 61,816 georeferenced forest vegetation plots across Europe considering alternative metrics either sensitive to basal (ancient evolutionary dynamics) or terminal (recent dynamics) branching in the phylogeny. We used boosted regression trees to model metrics of the phylogenetic structure as a function of current macro-environmental factors. We also identified clades encompassing significantly more taxa than under random expectation in phylogenetically clustered plots. [Results] Phylogenetic clustering was driven by climatic stress and instability and was strong in the areas glaciated during the Pleistocene, likely reflecting limited postglacial migration, and to a lower extent in areas of northern-central Europe and in summer-dry Mediterranean regions. Phylogenetic overdispersion was frequent in the hemiboreal zone in Russia, in some areas around the Mediterranean Basin, and along the Atlantic seaboard of the Iberian Peninsula. The families Ericaceae, Poaceae and Fagaceae were overrepresented in clustered plots in different regions of Europe. [Main conclusions] We provide the first maps and analyses on the phylogenetic structure of European forest vegetation at the plot level. Our results highlight the role of environmental filtering, postglacial dispersal limitation and spatial transitions between major biomes in determining the distribution of plant lineages in Europe.The study was supported by the Czech Science Foundation (19-28491X). IB and JAC were funded by the Basque Government (IT936-16). JCS considers this work a contribution to his VILLUM Investigator project “Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World” funded by VILLUM FONDEN (grant 16549)

Fifteen emerging challenges and opportunities for vegetation science: A horizon scan by early career researchers

With the aim to identify future challenges and opportunities in vegetation science, we brought together a group of 22 early career vegetation scientists from diverse backgrounds to perform a horizon scan. In this contribution, we present a selection of 15 topics that were ranked by participants as the most emergent and impactful for vegetation science in the face of global change. We highlight methodological tools that we expect will play a critical role in resolving emerging issues by providing ways to unveil new aspects of plant community dynamics and structure. These tools include next generation sequencing, plant spectral imaging, process-based species distribution models, resurveying studies and permanent plots. Further, we stress the need to integrate long-term monitoring, the study of novel ecosystems, below-ground traits, pollination interactions and global networks of near-surface microclimate data at fine spatio-temporal resolutions to fully understand and predict the impacts of climate change on vegetation dynamics. We also emphasize the need to integrate traditional forms of knowledge and a diversity of stakeholders into research, teaching, management and policy-making to advance the field of vegetation science. The conclusions reached by this horizon scan naturally reflect the background, expertise and interests of a representative pool of early career vegetation scientists, which should serve as basis for future developments in the field

2020 consensus guideline for optimal approach to the diagnosis and treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer in Bosnia and Herzegovina

The HERe2Cure project, which involved a group of breast cancer experts, members of multidisciplinary tumor boards from healthcare institutions in Bosnia and Herzegovina, was initiated with the aim of defining an optimal approach to the diagnosis and treatment of HER2 positive breast cancer. After individual multidisciplinary consensus meetings were held in all oncology centers in Bosnia and Herzegovina, a final consensus meeting was held in order to reconcile the final conclusions discussed in individual meetings. Guidelines were adopted by consensus, based on the presentations and suggestions of experts, which were first discussed in a panel discussion and then agreed electronically between all the authors mentioned. The conclusions of the panel discussion represent the consensus of experts in the field of breast cancer diagnosis and treatment in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The objectives of the guidelines include the standardization, harmonization and optimization of the procedures for the diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of patients with HER2-positive breast cancer, all of which should lead to an improvement in the quality of health care of mentioned patients. The initial treatment plan for patients with HER2-positive breast cancer must be made by a multidisciplinary tumor board comprised of at least: a medical oncologist, a pathologist, a radiologist, a surgeon, and a radiation oncologist/radiotherapist

2020 consensus guideline for optimal approach to the diagnosis and treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The HERe2cure project, which involved a group of breast cancer experts, members of multidisciplinary tumor boards from healthcare institutions in Bosnia and Herzegovina, was initiated with the aim of defining an optimal approach to the diagnosis and treatment of HER2 positive breast cancer. After individual multidisciplinary consensus meetings were held in all oncology centers in Bosnia and Herzegovina, a final consensus meeting was held in order to reconcile the final conclusions discussed in individual meetings. Guidelines were adopted by consensus, based on the presentations and suggestions of experts, which were first discussed in a panel discussion and then agreed electronically between all the authors mentioned. The conclusions of the panel discussion represent the consensus of experts in the field of breast cancer diagnosis and treatment in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The objectives of the guidelines include the standardization, harmonization and optimization of the procedures for the diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of patients with HER2-positive breast cancer, all of which should lead to an improvement in the quality of health care of mentioned patients. The initial treatment plan for patients with HER2-positive breast cancer must be made by a multidisciplinary tumor board comprised of at least: a medical oncologist, a pathologist, a radiologist, a surgeon, and a radiation oncologist/radiotherapist