Uluslararası sermaye hareketlerinin gelişmekte olan ülkelere olası etkileri : Türkiye örneği

Çalışmanın amacı uluslararası sermaye hareketlerinin Türkiye ekonomisi üzerindeki etkilerini incelemektir. İlk bölümde; dünyadaki uluslararası sermaye hareketlerinden bahsedilmektedir. Uluslararası sermaye hareketlerinin nedenleri ve çeşitleri hakkında bilgi verilmektedir. İkinci bölümde uluslararası sermaye hareketlerinin gelişmekte olan ülkelere yönelmesinin nedenlerinden ve sonuçlarından bahsedilmektedir. Üçüncü bölümde ise Türkiye'deki Uluslararası sermayenin hareketlerinin gelişim seyri, etkileri ve uluslararası sermaye için uygulanan politikalardan bahsedilmiştir. En sonunda ise genel bir değerlendirme yapılmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Uluslararası Sermaye, Finansal Serbestleşme, Yabancı Yatırım.\ud The aim of this study is to examine the effects of international capital flows on the Turkish economy. In the fırst chapter, the international capital in the world has been mentioned. Some information about the reasons and types of the international capital flows has been given. In the second chapter, the reasons and the results of international capital flows towards the developing countries has been mentioned. In the third chapter, the movement of developing, affects of international capital flows in Turkey has been mentioned. At the end, a general evaluation has been done. Key Words: International Capital, Financial Liberalization, Foreign Investment

COVID 19 disease independently predicted endothelial dysfunction measured by flow-mediated dilatation

The systemic effects of COVID-19 disease are still largely uncertain and needs to be scrutinized with further trials. Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is responsible for the majority of adverse cardiovascular events. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) is easily obtainable method to assess ED accurately. It is aimed to evaluate ED by measuring FMD following COVID-19 disease. Patients diagnosed with COVID-19 disease were recruited to the hospital two month after the discharge. Sex and age-matched healthy subjects were determined as the control group. Blood samples and FMD measurements were obtained from each participant. All subjects were divided into two groups according to the presence of ED determined by FMD measurements. These two groups were compared in terms of demographic features and the presence of recovered COVID-19 disease. A total of 92 subjects consisting of 59 without ED and 33 with ED were included in the study. ED (+) group was older (p = 0.015) and more likely to have hypertension (p = 0.044) and COVID-19 rate was higher in ED (+) group (p = 0.009). While neutrophil count (p = 0.047) and CRP (p = 0.036) were higher, eGFR (p = 0.044) was lower in ED (+) group. In the backward multivariable regression analysis, COVID-19 disease [OR = 3.611, 95% CI 1.069-12.198, p = 0.039] and BMI [OR = 1.122, 95% CI 1.023-1.231, p = 0.015] were independent predictors of ED. COVID-19 disease may cause ED which is the major underlying factor of cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, COVID-19 disease may deteriorate the existing cardiovascular disease course. Detecting ED in the early phase or preventing by new treatment modalities may improve short and long-term outcome

A scrutiny study on wave energy potential and policy in Turkey

Recently new and renewable energy sources began to become prominent as alternatives to fossil fuels. Among these are wind, solar, hydraulic, biomass, geothermal and wave energies. As for Turkey, the least accounted and less applied of these sources is wave energy. The government has established a short-term outlook on utilization of renewable energy sources, named “National Renewable Energy Action Plan” which is a part of Vision 2023 targets. Nonetheless, there is no planned utilization of and/or investment into wave energy in Turkey’s agenda up to the year 2023. This might be mainly because of the complex structure of wave energy conversion systems, marine conditions, mechanical difficulties and high initial investment costs. However, this type of energy is environmentally friendly, cheap and clean, and a great potential is available especially in Turkey which is surrounded on three sides by sea. Although Turkey has neither coasts to oceans nor a long stretch of west coastline, which have the highest energetic waves thanks to the prevailing west-to-east winds; the Black Sea basin, as well as the south-western Mediterranean region, may offer a good potential for development as an energetic regime, often comparable to oceanic sites in terms of wave heights, induced by strong wind patterns. In this study, wave energy potential in Turkey and recent studies made on determination of suitable sites for evaluation of wave energy in Turkey are discussed

Operational stability and degradation of organic solar cells

Recently, Organic solar cells (OSC) have been increasingly utilized all over the world. The changes made in the organic components of the organic solar cells enable them to exhibit good features such as mechanical flexibility, lightness and high power generation efficiency even under lower light intensities. However, operational stability is an important parameter for organic solar cells. Despite the aforementioned advantages of organic solar cells, degradation in operational environments limits their use in harsh conditions. Studies have shown that the organic layer and the cathode layer of the OSCs are degraded by external factors, and this adversely affects the operational stability and productivity of OSCs considerably. The overall efficiency of an organic solar cell is defined as a function of life cycle and efficiency of energy generation. Therefore, the shorter the life cycle becomes, the lesser the overall efficiency of OSCs gets. Recent studies are focused on improving the operational stability and power generation efficiencies of OSCs by reducing the effects degradation induced by external factors, such as climatic conditions and thermal fatigue. The purpose of this study is to assess how organic solar cells work, how they degrade from external factors, such as water and water vapor, and how these parameters affect the operational stability as well as the efficiency of the organic solar cells

Fuzzy multi-criteria decision making for carbon dioxide geological storage in Turkey

The problem of choosing the best location for CO2 storage is a crucial and challenging multi-criteria decision problem for some companies. This study compares the performance of three fuzzy-based multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) methods, including Fuzzy TOPSIS, Fuzzy ELECTRE I and Fuzzy VIKOR for solving the carbon dioxide geological storage location selection problem in Turkey. The results show that MCDM approach is a useful tool for decision makers in the selection of potential sites for CO2 geological storage

Outcomes of high-risk breast lesions diagnosed using image-guided core needle biopsy: results from a multicenter retrospective study

PURPOSEThe clinical management of high-risk lesions using image-guided biopsy is challenging. This study aimed to evaluate the rates at which such lesions were upgraded to malignancy and identify possible predictive factors for upgrading high-risk lesions.METHODSThis retrospective multicenter analysis included 1.343 patients diagnosed with high-risk lesions using an image-guided core needle or vacuum-assisted biopsy (VAB). Only patients managed using an excisional biopsy or with at least one year of documented radiological follow-up were included. For each, the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) category, number of samples, needle thickness, and lesion size were correlated with malignancy upgrade rates in different histologic subtypes. Pearson’s chi-squared test, the Fisher–Freeman–Halton test, and Fisher’s exact test were used for the statistical analyses.RESULTSThe overall upgrade rate was 20.6%, with the highest rates in the subtypes of intraductal papilloma (IP) with atypia (44.7%; 55/123), followed by atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) (38.4%; 144/375), lobular neoplasia (LN) (12.7%; 7/55), papilloma without atypia (9.4%; 58/611), flat epithelial atypia (FEA) (8.7%; 10/114), and radial scars (RSs) (4.6%; 3/65). There was a significant relationship between the upgrade rate and BI-RADS category, number of samples, and lesion size Lesion size was the most predictive factor for an upgrade in all subtypes.CONCLUSIONADH and atypical IP showed considerable upgrade rates to malignancy, requiring surgical excision. The LN, IP without atypia, pure FEA, and RS subtypes showed lower malignancy rates when the BI-RADS category was lower and in smaller lesions that had been adequately sampled using VAB. After being discussed in a multidisciplinary meeting, these cases could be managed with follow-up instead of excision

Bir üretim işletmesinde veri madenciliği uygulaması

06.03.2018 tarihli ve 30352 sayılı Resmi Gazetede yayımlanan “Yükseköğretim Kanunu İle Bazı Kanun Ve Kanun Hükmünde Kararnamelerde Değişiklik Yapılması Hakkında Kanun” ile 18.06.2018 tarihli “Lisansüstü Tezlerin Elektronik Ortamda Toplanması, Düzenlenmesi ve Erişime Açılmasına İlişkin Yönerge” gereğince tam metin erişime açılmıştır.Veri madenciliği, büyük veri yığınlarından anlamlı bilgiyi ortaya çıkarma sürecidir. Veri depolama ve bilgisayar sistemlerindeki hızlı gelişim ve düşük maliyetler nedeni ile veri madenciliği iş dünyasında hızla gelişen bir olgu olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Günümüzde veri madenciliği pazarlama, finans, bankacılık, sigortacılık, parakendecilik, telekomünikasyon, imalat gibi pek çok alanda kullanılmaktadır.Bu çalışmada, veri madenciliği ayrıntılı bir şekilde ele alınmıştır. Uygulama kısmında, bir üretim işletmesinde, üretilen ürünlerin uygunsuz olarak ayrılmasının nedenleri belirlenerek, bu nedenlerin analizi ile uygunsuz ürünlerin sayısını azaltıcı stratejiler geliştirilmesi hedeflenmektedir. Çalışmada analiz için SPSS Clementine 11.1 yazılımı kullanılmıştır. Neden analizi için karar ağaçları ve yapay sinir ağları ile bir model geliştirilmiştir.Veri madenciliği üretim sektöründe pek fazla kullanılmamaktadır. Bu çalışma ile veri madenciliğinin üretim sektöründe başarıyla kullanılabilir olduğunu göstermek amaçlanmıştır.Data minig is the process of finding hidden and unknown patterns in huge amounts of data. Data mining seems in business world as fastly developing fact owing to fast development and low cost on data storage and computer systems. Data mining is used in various areas such as marketing, e-commerce, banking, insurance, telecommunications etc.In this work, data mining have been examined intensively. In the implemantation stage, it is determined causes of selection of incorrect products from products which is produced in a manufacturing company. After determination, with resaults of this analysis it is aimed at developing strategies which is used to reduce count of incorrect products. In work, SPSS Clementine 11.1 software was used. A model was developed with desicion trees and artificial neural netwoks for analysis.Data mining isn`t used widely in manufacturing areas. With this work, it is aimed at showing that data mining can be used in manufacturing area succesfuly

Kovuşturma evresinde belge delillerinin ikamesi ve değerlendirilmesi

Ceza muhakemesi ithama konu vakıaların deliller nazarında ispatı faaliyeti üzerine inşa edilmektedir. Şüphenin bertaraf edilmesi ancak deliller ile mümkündür. Vakıaların sanığa izafe edilebilirliğini sağlayan deliller nitelik olarak objektif iseler de değerlendirmeye tabi tutuldukları ölçüde sübjektif açıdan da ele alınırlar. Bu durum ispat faaliyetinin nispi mahiyet taşıdığını da göstermektedir. Delillerin serbestçe değerlendirilmesi ve vicdani ispat sisteminin geçerli olduğu Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu’nda delil hiyerarşisi benimsenmemiş olup, vakıayı temsil edebilir olan ve hukuka uygun yollarla elde edilip çelişmeli muhakeme ilkesi gereğince duruşmada tartışılan her türlü beyan, belge ve belirti delil olarak kabul edilmektedir. Belge delili, maddi vakıayı belirli şekilde ve belirli bir nesnenin üzerine aktararak tespit eden temsili bir ispat aracı olması nedeniyle delil sınıflandırmasında önemli konuma sahiptir. Belge delili kavramının ceza muhakemesi hukuku bağlamında ifade ettiği anlam diğer hukuk dallarından farklılık arz etmektedir. Her ne kadar kendi içerisinde tasnife tabi tutulsa da ceza muhakemesi açısından belge, vakıaya ilişkin bilgi veren ve temsil edici özelliği olan her türlü nesnedir. Bu bağlamda ceza muhakemesi hukuku açısından belge kavramının ifade ettiği anlam kapsayıcı olarak kabul edilmelidir. Çalışmamızda birinci bölümde delillerin sınıflandırılması hakkında genel bilgiler verilmiş olup ceza muhakemesinde delillerin ikamesi ve değerlendirilmesine ilişkin ilkeler ile muhakeme evrelerine göre delillerin değerlendirilmesi konuları incelenmiştir. İkinci bölümde ise belge delilleri etraflıca tahlil edilmiştir. Çalışmamızda tüm bu konular nazari olarak incelenirken mahkeme kararlarından da olabildiğince yararlanılmıştır.--------------------Criminal procedure is built on the demonstration of evidence for the cases subject to accusation. The dispel of suspicion is only possible with the evidence. Even if the evidence that provides the relativity of the facts to the accused is objective, they will be addressed from a subjective point of view to the extent of the evaluation. It also shows that the evidence demonstration has a relative nature. In the Criminal Procedure Law where the free evaluation of evidence and the system of conscientious demonstration is valid, the hierarchy of evidence is not adopted and any statement, document and indication that can be enacting and obtained in legal grounds also discussed in the hearing in accordance with the principle of adversarial procedure are accepted as an evidence. Documentary evidence plays an important role in the classification of evidence since it is an enactive proof identifying the material case by transferring it onto a certain object in a certain way. The meaning of the notion of documentary evidence in the criminal procedure law is different from other legal fields. Although it is subjected to classification internally, the document in terms of criminal procedure is an object revealing information about the case and enacting. In this context, the meaning of document in terms of criminal procedure law should be considered as inclusionary. In the first chapter of our study, general information about the classification of evidence was given and the principles for the submission and evaluation of evidence in criminal proceedings and the evaluation of evidence in accordance with the stages of cognizance were examined. In the second chapter, the documentary evidence was addressed in detail. In our study, decisions of the court were referred to the highest extend while discussing these issues theoretically

Masal Anlatımının İlkokul 4. Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Konuşma Prozodilerine Etkisi

Masal anlatımının prozodik konuşma becerisine etkisini inceleyen bu çalışma nicel araştırma desenlerinden ön-test, son-test kontrol deney gruplu deneysel desen şeklinde tasarlanmıştır. Çalışma grubu amaçlı örnekleme yöntemlerinden kolay ulaşılabilir durum örneklemiyle belirlenmiştir. Çalışma grubunu Kocaeli ilinde bir devlet okulunda öğrenim gören 42 ilkokul öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Veriler öğrencilerin hikâye kartlarından masal oluşturmaları esnasında ses kaydı alınarak toplanmış, sonrasında Konuşma Prozodisi ölçeğiyle puanlanarak SPSS programında analiz edilmiştir. Uygulama sürecinde deney grubu katılımcılarına 3 farklı masal anlatım tekniği kullanılarak toplam 23 masal anlatılmıştır. Sonuç olarak deney grubu öğrencilerinin konuşma becerileri ön-test ve son-testleri arasında yüksek düzeyde anlamlı farklılaşma yaşandığı görülmüştür.This study, which examines the effect of the tales of narrative expression on the prozodic speaking skills, is designed as an experimental design with pre-test and posttest control experimental group. The sample of the study group was determined by the sampling method which is easily accessible. The study group consisted of 42 primary school students studying in a public school in Kocaeli. The data were collected by recording the stories of the students with story cards, and then scoring by the Speech Prozodic scale and analyzed in the SPSS program. In the application process, 23 different fairy tales were used for the experimental group participants. As a result, it was seen that there was a high level of significant difference between the pre-test and post-test skills of the experimental group students

The validity and reliability study of multidimensional organizational identification scale

Bu çalışmada, Stoner, Perrewé, ve Hofacker (2011) tarafından geliştirilen Çok Boyutlu Örgütsel Kimlik Ölçeği’nin Türkçe’ye uyarlanması, geçerliliğinin ve güvenilirliğinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada devlet ve özel üniversitelerde görevli akademisyenlerden oluşan iki farklı örneklem (n=121 ve n=518) kullanılmıştır. Toplanan verilerle yapılan analiz sonucunda ölçeğin alt boyutlarının Cronbach alfa güvenilirlik katsayılarının birinci örneklem için .71 ile .86 arasında, ikinci örneklem için .73 ve .84 arasında değiştiği görülmüştür. Ölçeğin kendi kendine kategorizasyon, uyum/örtüşme düzeyi, duygusal bağlılık ve davranışsal katılım olmak üzere dört faktörlü yapısı her iki örneklemde yapılan faktör analizleriyle doğrulanmış, farklı yapılarla öngörülen ilişkiler ölçüt bağımlı geçerlilik analiziyle desteklenmiştir. Ayrıca ölçeğin cinsiyet açısından yapısal ve ölçümsel olarak ayrışmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Söz konusu bu bulgular, Çok Boyutlu Örgütsel Kimlik Ölçeği’nin Türkiye’de yapılacak çalışmalarda güvenilir ve geçerli bir araç olarak uygulanabileceğini ortaya koymaktadır.The purpose of this study is to conduct the adaptation of the Multi-Dimensional Identification Scale, developed by Stoner, Perrewé, ve Hofacker (2011), into Turkish culture, and to explore the validity and reliability of the scale. Two different academic samples (n=121 and n=518) from public and private universities were employedfor the research. The results indicated that the Cronbach’s alpha reliabilities of the sub-dimensions of the scale range between .86 to .71 and .73 to .84 for the first and second samples respectively. The sub-dimensions as self-categorization, goodness of fit, affective-atta chment and behavioral involvement were confirmed with factor analyses applied on both samples. Concurrent validity was provided using different structures for the anticipated relations. Moreover, the adapted scale presented the stru ctural and measurement invariance in terms of gender. All these findings revealed that the adapted version of the Multi-Dimensional Identification Scale is a valid and reliable instrument, and can be used in the studies for the Turkish culture