Projecting the Community Pharmacy into Home Health Care: An IS Perspective

Community pharmacies deliver accessible and personalized health care to populations worldwide. Provision of medicine therapy is central to this business but the continuous interactions with clients in their homes is problematic. This paper models an ecosystem of wellness for community pharmacies and presents five generations of smart pharmaceutical care systems (SPCS) for home interventions. Our project follows the design science research paradigm and is supported in an extensive review of 56 recent information systems papers. Two key challenges of Health 5.0 are addressed: digital medication management and sustainable medicine use. SPCS reveal potential to change the business model of community pharmacies. However, spanning the pharmacy boundaries with digital technologies requires (1) socio-technical strategies to differentiate their offer, (2) technologies tailored to the needs of each client, (3) collective intelligence production in medicine supply chains, and (4) humanized telecare

Intervenções promotoras da dignidade da pessoa no fim de vida e suas pessoas significativas : uma revisão scoping

Introdução: Alterações dos padrões de doença têm levantado questões acerca da dignidade no fim de vida, contudo, trata-se de um conceito amplo que carece de conceptualização. No contexto de saúde, observou-se que é multidimensional e dinâmico. O apoio profissional é essencial para a manutenção da dignidade no fim de vida, mas, para os profissionais de saúde, constitui um desafio. Métodos: Revisão Scoping orientada pelos pressupostos do Joanna Briggs Institute, com o objetivo de mapear a evidência acerca das intervenções promotoras da dignidade da pessoa no fim de vida e suas pessoas significativas. A pesquisa nas bases de dados foi realizada a 14 de fevereiro de 2020. A seleção dos estudos foi realizada por dois revisores independentes. Os resultados foram analisados e sintetizados para cada questão de revisão à luz do “Modelo de Dignidade no Fim de Vida”. Resultados: Incluíram-se 47 estudos. Os resultados confirmam a aplicabilidade do modelo utilizado e emergem também novas subcategorias, o “planeamento avançado de cuidados”, as “condições ambientais”, a “relação terapêutica” e o “apoio à família”. Foi possível distinguir-se as intervenções identificadas em diagnósticas ou terapêuticas e específicas ou gerais. Os resultados apontam que quem implementa as intervenções específicas deve ser dotado de ótimas competências comunicacionais e relacionais. Vários elementos da equipa de cuidados são responsáveis pela implementação das intervenções gerais, inclusive a pessoa e família. Identificaram-se intervenções simples e complexas. A sua aplicação foi condicionada por características institucionais, dos profissionais e das próprias pessoas no fim de vida e suas pessoas significativas. As intervenções identificadas, na sua globalidade, não exigem muitos recursos, mas intervenções de caráter psicoterapêutico exigem formação especializada. Escasseiam estudos de aplicabilidade e eficácia, especialmente no que respeita às intervenções gerais. Das intervenções específicas, a Terapia da dignidade (TD), a Escala de dignidade do doente (EDD) e a Questão da dignidade (PDQ), mostraram ser eficazes na promoção da dignidade no fim de vida. Conclusões: Este mapeamento trouxe conhecimentos que podem ser úteis para a realização de estudos de eficácia e para as áreas da formação (básica, intermédia e avançada) e da gestão de cuidados, pelo que, se ambiciona que possa contribuir para a melhoria dos cuidados prestadosIntroduction: Changes in disease patterns raised questions about dignity at the end of life. However, it is a broad concept that needs to be conceptualized. In the context of health it is a multidimensional and dynamic concept. Professional support seems to be essential in dignity maintenance but still constitutes a challenge for health care professionals. Methods: Scoping review guided by Joanna Briggs Institute. The objective is to map the evidence about interventions that promote dignity at the end-of-life. The databases search was carried out on February 14th 2020. The selection of the studies counted with two independent reviewers. The results were analysed and synthesized for each review question in the light of the “Dignity-Conserving Model of Care” by Chochinov. Results: 47 studies were included in the review. The results confirm the applicability of the empirical model and other subcategories emerged: “Advanced care planning” “Environment conditions”, “Therapeutic relationship” and “Family support”. The interventions identified can be distinguished into diagnostic or therapeutic and specific or generalist. Those who implement specific interventions need great communication and relational skills. Each member of the care team may implement generalist interventions, including the person at end of life and family. It was possible to identify simple and complex interventions. The application of dignity interventions was conditioned by characteristics of the person, the professional and the system. In general, dignity interventions’ application does not require many resources but psychotherapeutic interventions require specialized training. Applicability and efficacy studies are scarce, especially for generalist interventions. However, Dignity therapy (DT), Patient dignity inventory (PDI) and Patient dignity question (PDQ) have been shown to be effective in promoting dignity at the end of life. Conclusions: Mapping these interventions brought knowledge that can be useful for developing effectiveness studies and for the training and care management fields. We hope this may contribute to improve the care delivered

As representações utilizadas na resolução de problemas da matemática no 1º ciclo do ensino básico: uma aplicação às operações aritméticas da multiplicação e divisão

Dissertação de mestrado em Ensino na especialidade de educação pré-escolar e ensino do 1º ciclo do Ensino Básico. Instituto Politécnico de Beja, Escola Superior de Educação, 2014.O presente trabalho tem como objetivo identificar quais são as representações/ estratégias mais utilizadas pelos alunos para resolver os problemas durante o processo de aprendizagem das operações aritméticas da multiplicação e divisão, reconhecer o contributo dos diferentes tipos de representações observadas e averiguar as dificuldades sentidas pelos alunos na resolução dos problemas. A metodologia utilizada nesta investigação foi um estudo de caso, de natureza qualitativa, inserido num paradigma interpretativo. Tratou-se simultaneamente de uma investigação sobre a própria prática, onde os participantes foram todos os alunos do 3º ano da turma 7 e os professores de 3º ano, do 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico da Escola de Santa Maria. Para esta investigação foram propostos problemas que exigissem o uso de diferentes estratégias de resolução e se predispusessem ao uso diversificado de diferentes tipos de representação. Alguns dos problemas apresentados, continham mais do que uma resolução possível, o que para além de levar o aluno a envolver-se ativamente num processo de descoberta, proporcionavam o uso de diferentes representações com diferentes estratégias. As conclusões apontam para que as representações simbólicas são aquelas mais usadas preferencialmente pelos alunos, utilizando mais especificamente a subcategoria de algarismos e números; sinais de operações e sinal de igual/ expressões matemáticas. A estratégia de resolução de problemas mais utilizada foi a usar dedução logica: fazer eliminação, tendo os alunos mostrado dificuldades ao nível da interpretação e compreensão do problema e da compreensão e concretização dos cálculos necessários. As representações construídas pelos alunos determinam o tipo de estratégia ou estratégias aplicadas e desempenham um papel crucial na correta interpretação e resolução dos problemas propostos

Evaluation of the In Vitro Wound-Healing Activity and Phytochemical Characterization of Propolis and Honey

Honey and propolis are natural substances produced by Apis mellifera that contain flavonoids, phenolic acids, and several other phytochemicals. The aim of this study was to phytochemically characterize three different types of honey and propolis, both separately and mixed, and to evaluate their wound-healing activity. Total phenolic compounds and flavonoids were determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu’s and aluminum chloride colorimetric methods, respectively. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by both the DPPH free radical scavenging assay and β-carotene bleaching test, and the anti-inflammatory activity was determined by a protein denaturation method. To evaluate the wound-healing activity of the samples, NHDF cells were subjected to a wound scratch assay. The obtained results showed that dark-brown honey presents a higher concentration of phenolic compounds and flavonoids, as well as higher antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Propolis samples had the highest concentrations in bioactive compounds. Examining the microscopic images, it was possible to verify that the samples promote cell migration, demonstrating the wound-healing potential of honey and propolis.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Análise das Políticas Educacionais na Oferta de Educação Infantil na Região Metropolitana de Curitiba e Litoral do Paraná

Este estudo compõe parte de pesquisa conduzida pelo Núcleo de Políticas, Gestão e Financiamento da Educação da UFPR e objetiva avaliar os impactos das políticas educacionais na educação infantil, no período entre 2001 e 2006. Desde a constituição de 1988, o atendimento de crianças em creches e pré-escolas foi incluído entre os direitos à educação básica, retirando o atendimento à criança do campo assistencial e reconhecendo-o como parte do sistema educacional, o que demonstra um grande avanço político ao ter um olhar voltado para a educação da primeira infância. Com esta nova organização, há a necessidade da avaliação dos impactos destas ações no campo da educação infantil e a busca da relação oferta, cobertura e qualidade da educação contribui a este fim. Em conjunto com a pesquisa do núcleo, através de bancos de dados do INEP, IPARDES e IBGE, traçou-se um panorama da etapa na região metropolitana de Curitiba e Litoral paranaense – RMCL. Na região houve um aumento no número de estabelecimentos que atendem à educação infantil, nas suas duas etapas (creche e pré-escola), refletindo no aumento de matrículas, apesar do crescimento demográfico para esta faixa etária apresentar resultado negativo. O percentual de crescimento dos estabelecimentos escolares de educação infantil para este período é de 22% na creche e 13% na pré-escola, aumentando a oferta de matrículas em 17,5% e 47,5% respectivamente. A rede de educação infantil cobre 22,5% da população infantil nesta faixa etária, sendo que a rede pública atende 15,2%. As conclusões do estudo apontam que, apesar da insuficiente cobertura, uma vez que menos de três de cada dez crianças com seis anos de idade ou menos estão sendo atendidas, houve crescimento das matrículas no período, sugerindo que o poder público, apesar de estar reagindo à pressão e cobrança sociais na ampliação do atendimento desta etapa da educação básica, o faz de forma pouco articulada e organizada regionalmente e mesmo localmente, demonstrando que o crescimento é ainda insuficiente

Reestablishing the Function and Esthetics in Traumatized Permanent Teeth with Large Apical Lesion

Dental trauma is a challenge for dental integrity and can lead to pulp necrosis. The clinical case reports the diagnosis of a maxillary right central incisor traumatized and its multidisciplinary treatment. Calcium hydroxide material was used to perform the processing apexification. An apical surgery was carried out to remove the apical periodontitis and to return the aesthetics to the patient; internal and external tooth whitening in maxillary right central incisor was performed. We conclude that surgery associated with the root filling in the central incisor led to a successful completion. Moreover, it is of utmost importance to demonstrate the interaction between the various areas of dentistry

First chemical profile analysis of acacia pods

This study intended to evaluate the potential industrial applications of various Acacia species (Acacia melanoxylon, Acacia longifolia, Acacia cyclops, Acacia retinodes, Acacia pycnantha, Acacia mearnsii, and Acacia dealbata) by examining their chemical composition, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. Using high-resolution mass spectrometry, a comprehensive analysis successfully identified targeted compounds, including flavonoids (flavonols/flavones) and phenolic acids, such as 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-coumaric acid, and ellagic acid. Additionally, p-coumaric acid was specifically identified and quantified within the hydroxycinnamic aldehydes. This comprehensive characterization provides valuable insights into the chemical profiles of the studied species. Among the studied species, A. pycnantha exhibited a higher concentration of total phenolic compounds, including catechin, myricetin, quercetin, and coniferaldehyde. Furthermore, A. pycnantha displayed notable antibacterial activity against K. pneumoniae, E. coli, S. Typhimurium, and B. cereus. The identified compounds in Acacia pods and their shown antibacterial activities exhibit promising potential for future applications. Moreover, vibrational spectroscopy was a reliable method for distinguishing between species. These significant findings enhance our understanding of Acacia species and their potential for various industrial applications.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

First chemical profile analysis of acacia pods

This work was supported by project PCIF/GVB/0145/2018 (Acacia4fireprev— https://www.acacia4fireprev.com/equipa 4 September 2023). Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal, for financial support through projectsUIDB/00239/2020 (CEF),UIDB/QUI/00100/2020 and UIDP/00100/2020 (to CQE), LA/P/0056/2020 (to IMS), UIDP/00709/2020 (CICS-UBI), project UIDB/00681/2020 (CERNAS-IPCB) funding is also gratefully acknowledged.This study intended to evaluate the potential industrial applications of various Acacia species (Acacia melanoxylon, Acacia longifolia, Acacia cyclops, Acacia retinodes, Acacia pycnantha, Acacia mearnsii, and Acacia dealbata) by examining their chemical composition, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. Using high-resolution mass spectrometry, a comprehensive analysis successfully identified targeted compounds, including flavonoids (flavonols/flavones) and phenolic acids, such as 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-coumaric acid, and ellagic acid. Additionally, p-coumaric acid was specifically identified and quantified within the hydroxycinnamic aldehydes. This comprehensive characterization provides valuable insights into the chemical profiles of the studied species. Among the studied species, A. pycnantha exhibited a higher concentration of total phenolic compounds, including catechin, myricetin, quercetin, and coniferaldehyde. Furthermore, A. pycnantha displayed notable antibacterial activity against K. pneumoniae, E. coli, S. Typhimurium, and B. cereus. The identified compounds in Acacia pods and their shown antibacterial activities exhibit promising potential for future applications. Moreover, vibrational spectroscopy was a reliable method for distinguishing between species. These significant findings enhance our understanding of Acacia species and their potential for various industrial applications.This research was funded by project Acacia4fireprev—Acacia biomass exploitation: a tool to reduce wildfires risk in unmanaged forestlands (PCIF/GVB/0145/2018), funded by FCT–Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Development of an edible, bio-based nanostructure for the encapsulation of water-soluble vitamins

Vitamins are organic molecules with small dimension and low molecular weight. They are present in food and are essential for normal operation of human metabolism. Vitamins are in general very sensitive and unstable when exposed to inappropriate temperatures, oxygen, light, and humidity. For the food industry it is important to reduce some of these limitations and to provide higher stability and longer shelf life of vitamins. Encapsulation, through the utilization of nanostructures, arises as a promising solution for this problem. The objective of this work was the development and characterization of a nanostructure for encapsulation of riboflavin (vitamin B2) using edible materials. Ionotropic polyelectrolyte pre-gelation was used as production method and the biopolymers chitosan and alginate were used as main materials. Alginate and chitosan are biodegradable, biocompatible, food-grade, have good physicochemical properties, and can be used to the development of nanostructures in order to protect vitamins against aggressive environments/conditions. Alginate pre-gelation was triggered with Ca2+ counterion, followed by polyelectrolyte complexation with chitosan. Alginate nuclei retain vitamins and are stabilized when coated with chitosan. Through a factorial experimental design the optimal concentrations of alginate, chitosan and encapsulated vitamin were determined, being, respectively, 0.063% (w/w), 0.04% (w/w), and 0.0095% (w/w). The characterization of the nanostructures was performed through Dynamic Light Scattering (size and polydispersity) and the vitamin entrapment efficiency was determined. The average size of nanoparticles without and with vitamin B2 was 99.95 nm ( 23.77 nm) and 96.65 ( 11.07 nm) by number, respectively. The polydispersity was 0.50 ( 0.079) without vitamin and 0.652 ( 0.040) with vitamin. Vitamin entrapment efficiency was approximately 70% for the mentioned vitamin concentration. This work provides important information concerning nanoencapsulation of water-soluble vitamins showing that using alginate/chitosan nanostructures can be of great potential for the application in food products.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Hiperplasia da cabeça mandibular : diagnóstico e tratamento. Relato de caso

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Mandibular condylar hyperplasia is a disease where excessive growth of mandibular condyle, ramus and body elicits facial asymmetry. Its therapeutic management is not a consensus and, due to its complexity, is a challenge for maxillofacial surgeons and orthodontists. This study aimed at discussing clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of the management of this disease, and at explaining the role of condylectomy. CASE REPORT: Female patient, 19 years old, Caucasian, looked for maxillofacial surgeon assistance due to facial asymmetry and pain on right temporomandibular joint. Patient had no medical, gestational or family history of facial deformity, or history of previous joint trauma or infection. This was a case of hemimandibular elongation treated with condylectomy. CONCLUSION: Condylectomy is a safe and effective procedure, without functional joint sequelae, which prevents dentalfacial deformity progression, minimizing its psychosocial impact and helping future treatment