Síntesis de catalizadores sólidos ácidos para el proceso MTO de conversión de metanol en olefinas

Tesis doctoral inédita. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Física Aplicada. Fecha de lectura: 23-03-201

Effect of silicon content on the catalytic behavior of chabazite type silicoaluminophosphate in the transformation of methanol to short chain olefins

AlPO-34 and SAPO-34 molecular sieves with different silicon content have been synthesized using a hydrothermal system in presence of tetraethylammonium hydroxide (TEAOH) and evaluated as catalysts for the transformation of methanol to short chain olefins. The results showed that SAPO-34 materials prepared with medium-high silicon concentration in the framework present quite similar silicon environment distributions and, when it is so, the key factor to obtain materials with improved catalytic performance is the crystallite size.Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation: Project MAT2009-13569Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation: Project MAT2012-31127CSIC for a JAE PhD grant.Peer reviewe

Novel perovskite materials for thermal water splitting at moderate temperature

Materials with the formula Sr_2CoNb_1-xTi_xO_(6-delta) (x=1.00, 0.70; delta=number of oxygen vacancies) present a cubic perovskite-like structure. They are easily and reversibly reduced in N_2 or Ar and re-oxidized in air upon heating. Oxidation by water (wet N_2), involving splitting of water at a temperature as low as 700 ºC, produces hydrogen. Both compounds displayed outstanding H_2 production in the first thermochemical cycle, the Sr_2CoNb_(0.30)Ti_(0.70)O_(6-delta) material retaining its outstanding performance upon cycling, whereas the hydrogen yield of the x=1 oxide showed a continuous decay. The retention of the materials' ability to promote water splitting correlated with their structural, chemical, and redox reversibility upon cycling. On reduction/oxidation, Co ions reversibly changed their oxidation state to compensate the release/recovery of oxygen in both compounds. However, in Sr_2CoTiO_(6-delta), two phases with different oxygen contents segregated, whereas in Sr_2CoNb_(0.30)Ti_(0.70)O_(6-delta) this effect was not evident. Therefore, this latter material displayed a hydrogen production as high as 410 mu molH_2/g_(perovskite) after eight thermochemical cycles at 700 ºC, which is among the highest ever reported, making this perovskite a promising candidate for thermosolar water splitting in real devices

Soybean Inoculated with One Bradyrhizobium Strain Isolated at Elevated [CO2] Show an Impaired C and N Metabolism When Grown at Ambient [CO2]

Soybean (Glycine max L.) future response to elevated [CO2] has been shown to differ when inoculated with B. japonicum strains isolated at ambient or elevated [CO2]. Plants, inoculated with three Bradyrhizobium strains isolated at different [CO2], were grown in chambers at current and elevated [CO2] (400 vs. 700 ppm). Together with nodule and leaf metabolomic profile, characterization of nodule N-fixation and exchange between organs were tested through N-15(2)-labeling analysis. Soybeans inoculated with SFJ14-36 strain (isolated at elevated [CO2]) showed a strong metabolic imbalance, at nodule and leaf levels when grown at ambient [CO2], probably due to an insufficient supply of N by nodules, as shown by N-15(2)-labeling. In nodules, due to shortage of photoassimilate, C may be diverted to aspartic acid instead of malate in order to improve the efficiency of the C source sustaining N-2-fixation. In leaves, photorespiration and respiration were boosted at ambient [CO2] in plants inoculated with this strain. Additionally, free phytol, antioxidants, and fatty acid content could be indicate induced senescence due to oxidative stress and lack of nitrogen. Therefore, plants inoculated with Bradyrhizobium strain isolated at elevated [CO2] may have lost their capacity to form effective symbiosis at ambient [CO2] and that was translated at whole plant level through metabolic impairment.This work was financially supported by the following grants: GRUPO Gobierno Vasco IT1022-16 and projects 32-2016-00043, 37-2017-00047, and 000049-IDA2019-38 from the Economic Development and Infrastructures Department of the Basque Country, Spai

Changes in environmental CO2 concentration can modify Rhizobium-soybean specificity and condition plant fitness and productivity

(EN) Over the past 10 years, it has been demonstrated in the literature that legume responses to elevated [CO2], whether positive, negative, or null, are in part dependent on the Rhizobium species and genotypes that establish symbiosis with the plant. However, all the strains used in these past experiments were isolated in field conditions at ambient [CO2]. We studied for first time the fitness response of soybean inoculated with a Rhizobium strain that has been previously isolated from nodules of plants grown at elevated [CO2] in field conditions at a FACE site. In experiments developed in controlled growth chambers, and in the field under ambient [CO2], the plants inoculated with the strain isolated at elevated [CO2] showed similar response as plants without inoculation. We hypothesize that deficient nodulation may be associated with a change in root exudates caused by the change in [CO2]. This study showed that the strains isolated in nodules at elevated [CO2] are not capable of properly nodulating soybean plants grown at ambient [CO2] and that the origin of strains do not ensure the performance of plants under the same conditions. However, more research is needed in order to understand how changes in environmental conditions can affect the symbiotic relationship and ultimately how we can improve plant fitness in a changeable world.This research was financially supported by the following grant: GRUPO GobiernoVasco-IT1022-16

Neuroanatomic-based detection algorithm for automatic labeling of brain structures in brain injury

The number and grade of injured neuroanatomic structures and the type of injury determine the degree of impairment after a brain injury event and the recovery options of the patient. However, the body of knowledge and clinical intervention guides are basically focused on functional disorder and they still do not take into account the location of injuries. The prognostic value of location information is not known in detail either. This paper proposes a feature-based detection algorithm, named Neuroanatomic-Based Detection Algorithm (NBDA), based on SURF (Speeded Up Robust Feature) to label anatomical brain structures on cortical and sub-cortical areas. Themain goal is to register injured neuroanatomic structures to generate a database containing patient?s structural impairment profile. This kind of information permits to establish a relation with functional disorders and the prognostic evolution during neurorehabilitation procedures

Treatment and outcome of patients with stage IS testicular cancer: a retrospective study from the Spanish Germ Cell Cancer Group.

La revista ha dado permiso para publicar. Ver correos con fecha 8/05/2024.Stage IS testicular cancer is defined by the persistence of elevated serum tumor markers, including α-fetoprotein and/or β-human chorionic gonadotropin, after orchiectomy without radiological evidence of metastatic disease. Current treatment recommendations include cisplatin based chemotherapy up front but the recommendations are based on limited single center series. Results: The elevated prechemotherapy tumor markers were α-fetoprotein in 48% of cases, β-human chorionic gonadotropin in 14%, and α-fetoprotein and β-human chorionic gonadotropin in 38%. Median α-fetoprotein and β-human chorionic gonadotropin values were 71 ng/ml and 80 mIU/ml, respectively. The IGCCCG (International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group) prognostic classification was good in 94% of cases. Mixed nonseminomatous germ cell tumor was found in 78% of cases. Of the patients 103 achieved a complete response to chemotherapy. In 6 patients radiological signs of progressive disease developed during chemotherapy, while 8 experienced relapse after an initial complete response. At a median followup of 108 months 108 patients were alive and disease-free. Five and 10-year disease-free survival rates were 87% and 85%, respectively. The predominance of embryonal carcinoma in the primary tumor was the only factor associated with the probability of needing additional therapy. Stage IS testicular cancer is more commonly associated with elevated α-fetoprotein, an IGCCCG good prognosis and mixed nonseminomatous germ cell tumor. Treatment with cisplatin based chemotherapy leads to cure in most cases. However, a proportion of patients require the integration of additi

Clinical and Sociodemographic Determinants of Adherence to World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) Recommendations in Breast Cancer Survivors-Health-EpiGEICAM Study

Breast cancer (BC) survivors are advised to follow the WCRF/AICR cancer prevention recommendations, given their high risk of developing a second tumour. We aimed to explore compliance with these recommendations in BC survivors and to identify potentially associated clinical and sociodemographic factors. A total of 420 BC survivors, aged 31-80, was recruited from 16 Spanish hospitals. Epidemiological, dietary and physical activity information was collected through questionnaires. A 7-item score to measure compliance with the recommendations was built according to the 2018 WCRF/AICR scoring criteria. Standardized prevalences and standardized prevalence ratios of moderate and high compliance across participant characteristics were estimated using multinomial and binary logistic regression models. The mean score was 3.9 (SD: 1.0) out of 7 points. Recommendations with the worst adherence were those of limiting consumption of red/processed meats (12% of compliance, 95% CI: 8.2-15.0) and high fibre intake (22% of compliance, 95% CI: 17.6-27.0), while the best compliance was observed for the consumption of fruits and vegetables (73% of compliance, 95% CI: 69.2-77.7). Overall, adherence was worse in women with university education and in those with first-degree relatives with BC. This information may be of interest to design and implement personalized preventive measures adapted to the characteristics of these patients.This research was funded by the Fundación Científica Asociación Española Contra el Cancer (AECC) (Scientific Foundation of the Spanish Association against Cancer 2016). This article presents independent research. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Carlos III Institute of Health.S

Can the Cytokine Profile According to ABO Blood Groups Be Related to Worse Outcome in COVID-19 Patients? Yes, They Can

Producción CientíficaSevere status of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is extremely associated to cytokine release. Moreover, it has been suggested that blood group is also associated with the prevalence and severity of this disease. However, the relationship between the cytokine profile and blood group remains unclear in COVID-19 patients. In this sense, we prospectively recruited 108 COVID-19 patients between March and April 2020 and divided according to ABO blood group. For the analysis of 45 cytokines, plasma samples were collected in the time of admission to hospital ward or intensive care unit and at the sixth day after hospital admission. The results show that there was a risk of more than two times lower of mechanical ventilation or death in patients with blood group O (log rank: p = 0.042). At first time, all statistically significant cytokine levels, except from hepatocyte growth factor, were higher in O blood group patients meanwhile the second time showed a significant drop, between 20% and 40%. In contrast, A/B/AB group presented a maintenance of cytokine levels during time. Hepatocyte growth factor showed a significant association with intubation or mortality risk in non-O blood group patients (OR: 4.229, 95% CI (2.064–8.665), p < 0.001) and also was the only one bad prognosis biomarker in O blood group patients (OR: 8.852, 95% CI (1.540–50.878), p = 0.015). Therefore, higher cytokine levels in O blood group are associated with a better outcome than A/B/AB group in COVID-19 patients.Instituto de Salud Carlos III (grant COV20/00491)Junta de Castilla y León (grant 18IGOF

Asesoría lingüística digital e internacional: prácticas online para futuros docentes de lengua española

Memoria ID-039. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2018-2019