Buerger's disease manifesting nodular erythema with livedo reticularis

ArticleINTERNAL MEDICINE. 46(21):1815-1819(2007)journal articl

Formation of the oxygen torus in the inner magnetosphere: Van Allen Probes observations

We study the formation process of an oxygen torus during the 12–15 November 2012 magnetic storm, using the magnetic field and plasma wave data obtained by Van Allen Probes. We estimate the local plasma mass density (ρL) and the local electron number density (neL) from the resonant frequencies of standing Alfvén waves and the upper hybrid resonance band. The average ion mass (M) can be calculated by M ∼ ρL/neL under the assumption of quasi-neutrality of plasma. During the storm recovery phase, both Probe A and Probe B observe the oxygen torus at L = 3.0–4.0 and L = 3.7–4.5, respectively, on the morning side. The oxygen torus has M = 4.5–8 amu and extends around the plasmapause that is identified at L∼3.2–3.9. We find that during the initial phase, M is 4–7 amu throughout the plasma trough and remains at ∼1 amu in the plasmasphere, implying that ionospheric O+ ions are supplied into the inner magnetosphere already in the initial phase of the magnetic storm. Numerical calculation under a decrease of the convection electric field reveals that some of thermal O+ ions distributed throughout the plasma trough are trapped within the expanded plasmasphere, whereas some of them drift around the plasmapause on the dawnside. This creates the oxygen torus spreading near the plasmapause, which is consistent with the Van Allen Probes observations. We conclude that the oxygen torus identified in this study favors the formation scenario of supplying O+ in the inner magnetosphere during the initial phase and subsequent drift during the recovery phase

The administrator, teachers and parents involvement in preschool during Movement Control Order

The Covid-19 pandemic is affecting the whole education system including the preschoolers in Malaysia in receiving a proper teaching and learning lesson especially in the classroom. Movement Control Order (MCO) implemented by the government has restricted the act for each person in the daily life. However, the action and role that has been played by the preschool administrators, teachers and parents in ensuring the smoothness of the teaching and learning process of the preschoolers should be recognized. This study focuses on the responses and roles that have been conducted and given by the preschool management and teacher as well as parents in assisting their preschoolers children during the MCO period. This study also determined the reaction played by the preschoolers in adapting the new norm act according to the Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) given by the government. A qualitative research design by using observation and interview based on the responses given by ten randomly chosen among preschool parents, teachers and administrators in a government preschool in Johor, Malaysia were used in this study. Phenomenology research was conducted to investigate the experience that has been gone through by the informants of the study during the MCO period. Narrative writing analysis were used to explain the outcome. This study indicated that the preschool administrators and teachers were able to collaborate and conduct an excellent code of practice according to the SOPs given by the government. Meanwhile, parents were able to establish a strong communication with the administrators and teachers by following the SOPs and assist the preschool management in ensuring their children are following the new norm acts according to the SOPs. A strong collaboration between all parties involved has shown a good example to the preschoolers during the pandemic MCO period

Italian social psychiatry research: What gets published in peer reviewed journals?

Publisher version: http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=8264025&fulltextType=RA&fileId=S1121189X0000231

First record of chambered hexactinellid sponges from the Palaeozoic

p. 129-130Most chambered sponges (the polyphyletic group of "Sphinctozoa") are hypercalcified types and most of them probably belong to the Demospongia. "Spinctozoa" occur from the Cambrian to the Recent and are the most abundant sponges in Late Palaeozoic and Triassic reefs and shallow water limestones. Among hexactinellid sponges, chambered forms are very rare including taxa only from the Late Jurassic and the Late Triassic of Europe, Russia, Tadjikistan, Iran or China. There are five genera described Casearia Quenstedt, Caucasocoelia Boiko, Dracolychnos Wu & Xiao, Pseudo-verticillites Boiko and Innaecoelia Boiko, the latter of which is synomised with Casearia by most authors.S

Oxygen and hydrogen ion abundance in the near-Earth magnetosphere: Statistical results on the response to the geomagnetic and solar wind activity conditions

The composition of ions plays a crucial role for the fundamental plasma properties in the terrestrial magnetosphere. We investigate the oxygen-to-hydrogen ratio in the near-Earth magnetosphere from -10 RE<XGSE}< 10 RE. The results are based on seven years of ion flux measurements in the energy range ~10 keV to ~955 keV from the RAPID and CIS instruments on board the Cluster satellites. We find that (1) hydrogen ions at ~10 keV show only a slight correlation with the geomagnetic conditions and interplanetary magnetic field changes. They are best correlated with the solar wind dynamic pressure and density, which is an expected effect of the magnetospheric compression; (2) ~10 keV O+ ion intensities are more strongly affected during disturbed phase of a geomagnetic storm or substorm than >274 keV O+ ion intensities, relative to the corresponding hydrogen intensities; (3) In contrast to ~10 keV ions, the >274 keV O+ ions show the strongest acceleration during growth phase and not during the expansion phase itself. This suggests a connection between the energy input to the magnetosphere and the effective energization of energetic ions during growth phase; (4) The ratio between quiet and disturbed times for the intensities of ion ionospheric outflow is similar to those observed in the near-Earth magnetosphere at >274 keV. Therefore, the increase of the energetic ion intensity during disturbed time is more likely due to the intensification than to the more effective acceleration of the ionospheric source. In conclusion, the energization process in the near-Earth magnetosphere is mass dependent and it is more effective for the heavier ions