The Golden Growth Law in Economic Process

Based on the partial distribution1 and the developower (development power) 2, this paper puts forward the golden growth law in economic process for the first time. The law describes the optimal relation between the economic investment and the economic growth, and could be taken as a basis to distinguish that the economic process is higher in developing efficiency or not. A series of important constants in economy are obtained on the golden growth law, like the coefficient of golden growth and the increment contribution of developower in economic growth. These coefficients can reflect some of key number relations among the economic growth. Also in this paper, the programming and managing models for economic growth are given on the economic structure. We can use them as the tools to analyze and control the macroeconomic growth in analytic way. Finally, by the empirical researches, the golden growth law is explained to be existent and effective, the programming model for economic structure are proved to be useful to make decision in macroeconomic management.partial distribution, developower, economic growth, golden growth law, economic structure

The Stochastic Advance-Retreat Course: An Approach to Analyse Social-Economic Evolution

The paper presents the basic theory and conceptual model for advance-retreat course and provides the analytic model the stochastic advance-retreat course and the solving method of it, discusses the relations between the endogenous resistance and subject interests increase with the periodic vibration in an advance-retreat course, gets some results, like heightening appropriately the risk-free interest rate will be favorable to subject interests’ increasing in stable, interests increasing in high-speed will result in the fast increase of resistance, the subject progress in a appropriate pace may bring the conclusion such as lasting interests increase and return with higher-level interests, etc. Finally, the empirical researches empirical, on data of USA GDP (chained) price index, has been made to the stochastic advance-retreat model, and the results show that the stochastic advance-retreat model can describe USA economic development process in recent 65 years.Economic process; advance-retreat course; the basic theory; analytic model

Boating Against the Current: The Advance-Retreat Analysis for Socio-Economic Process

Boating against the current is a kind of human behavior which can generalize many real socio-economic processes. Starting from the view of point, this paper suggests the problem for advance-retreat course and builds the general analytic models of advance-retreat. By the models, we could see the endogenous resistances, instead of exogenous resistances, causes the periodic fluctuation in socio-economic process, and get the critical condition under which the periodic fluctuation is occured. A series of results for developing motivity and investing strategies are obtained. Finally, the conclusions and strategies are illuminated to be rational and maneuverable by two examples.socio-economic development; advancing motivity; environment resistance; advance-retreat course

Synthetic sex pheromone attracts the leishmaniasis vector Lutzomyia longipalpis to experimental chicken sheds treated with insecticide

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Current strategies for controlling American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL) have been unable to prevent the spread of the disease across Brazil. With no effective vaccine and culling of infected dogs an unpopular and unsuccessful alternative, new tools are urgently needed to manage populations of the sand fly vector, <it>Lutzomyia longipalpis </it>Lutz and Neiva (Diptera: Psychodidae). Here, we test two potential strategies for improving <it>L. longipalpis </it>control using the synthetic sand fly pheromone (±)-9-methylgermacrene-B: the first in conjunction with spraying of animal houses with insecticide, the second using coloured sticky traps.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Addition of synthetic pheromone resulted in greater numbers of male and female sand flies being caught and killed at experimental chicken sheds sprayed with insecticide, compared to pheromone-less controls. Furthermore, a ten-fold increase in the amount of sex pheromone released from test sheds increased the number of females attracted and subsequently killed. Treating sheds with insecticide alone resulted in a significant decrease in numbers of males attracted to sheds (compared to pre-spraying levels), and a near significant decrease in numbers of females. However, this effect was reversed through addition of synthetic pheromone at the time of insecticide spraying, leading to an increase in number of flies attracted post-treatment.</p> <p>In field trials of commercially available different coloured sticky traps, yellow traps caught more males than blue traps when placed in chicken sheds. In addition, yellow traps fitted with 10 pheromone lures caught significantly more males than pheromone-less controls. However, while female sand flies showed a preference for both blue and yellow pheromone traps sticky traps over white traps in the laboratory, neither colour caught significant numbers of females in chicken sheds, either with or without pheromone.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>We conclude that synthetic pheromone could currently be most effectively deployed for sand fly control through combination with existing insecticide spraying regimes. Development of a standalone pheromone trap remains a possibility, but such devices may require an additional attractive host odour component to be fully effective.</p

The multifaceted spectrum of liver cirrhosis in older hospitalised patients: Analysis of the REPOSI registry

Background: Knowledge on the main clinical and prognostic characteristics of older multimorbid subjects with liver cirrhosis (LC) admitted to acute medical wards is scarce. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of LC among older patients admitted to acute medical wards and to assess the main clinical characteristics of LC along with its association with major clinical outcomes and to explore the possibility that well-distinguished phenotypic profiles of LC have classificatory and prognostic properties. Methods: A cohort of 6,193 older subjects hospitalised between 2010 and 2018 and included in the REPOSI registry was analysed. Results: LC was diagnosed in 315 patients (5%). LC was associated with rehospitalisation (age-sex adjusted hazard ratio, [aHR] 1.44; 95% CI, 1.10-1.88) and with mortality after discharge, independently of all confounders (multiple aHR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.37-3.22), but not with in-hospital mortality and incident disability. Three main clinical phenotypes of LC patients were recognised: relatively fit subjects (FIT, N = 150), subjects characterised by poor social support (PSS, N = 89) and, finally, subjects with disability and multimorbidity (D&amp;M, N = 76). PSS subjects had an increased incident disability (35% vs 13%, P &lt; 0.05) compared to FIT. D&amp;M patients had a higher mortality (in-hospital: 12% vs 3%/1%, P &lt; 0.01; post-discharge: 41% vs 12%/15%, P &lt; 0.01) and less rehospitalisation (10% vs 32%/34%, P &lt; 0.01) compared to PSS and FIT. Conclusions: LC has a relatively low prevalence in older hospitalised subjects but, when present, accounts for worse post-discharge outcomes. Phenotypic analysis unravelled the heterogeneity of LC older population and the association of selected phenotypes with different clinical and prognostic features

The levels of trypsinogen isoenzymes in ovarian tumour cyst fluids are associated with promatrix metalloproteinase-9 but not promatrix metalloproteinase-2 activation

Proteolysis mediated by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and serine proteinases is associated with cancer invasion and metastasis. Activation of latent proMMPs, and especially the proforms of the type IV collagen degrading gelatinases A and B (proMMP-2 and proMMP-9), is thought to be a critical step in this process. We have recently found that human tumour-associated trypsin-2 is a potent activator of proMMP-9 and it also activates proMMP-2 in vitro. Trypsinogen, MMP-2, and MMP-9 are expressed in ovarian cancer. To elucidate the function of trypsin in vivo, we studied whether high concentrations of trypsinogen-1, trypsinogen-2, their α1-proteinase inhibitor (API) complexes, and tumour-associated trypsin inhibitor (TATI) are associated with proMMP-2 and proMMP-9 activation in ovarian tumour cyst fluids. Zymography and immunofluorometric analysis of 61 cyst fluids showed a significant association between high trypsin concentrations and the activation of MMP-9 (P= 0.003–0.05). In contrast, the trypsin concentrations were inversely associated with the activation of MMP-2 (P= 0.01–0.02). Immunohistochemical analysis of ovarian tumour tissue demonstrated expression of trypsinogen-2 and TATI in the secretory epithelium. MMP-2 was detected both in stromal and epithelial cells whereas MMP-9 was detected in neutrophils and macrophage-like cells in stromal and epithelial areas. These results suggest that trypsin may play a role in the regulation of the MMP-dependent proteolysis associated with invasion and metastasis of ovarian cancer. © 2001 Cancer Research Campaign www.bjcancer.co

Sand fly synthetic sex-aggregation pheromone co-located with insecticide reduces the incidence of infection in the canine reservoir of visceral leishmaniasis: a stratified cluster randomised trial

The predominant sand fly vector of the intracellular parasite Leishmania infantum, that causes human and canine visceral leishmaniasis in the Americas, is Lutzomyia longipalpis. Dogs are the proven reservoir. Vector control tools to reduce transmission suited to this predominantly exophilic vector are lacking. Insecticide-impregnated dog collars protect dogs against infectious bites from sand fly vectors, and result in reductions of new infections in both dogs and humans. However, collars are costly for endemic communities, and alternative approaches are needed. Recently the bulk synthesised sex-aggregation pheromone of male Lu. longipalpis was shown to attract large numbers of conspecific females to lethal pyrethroid insecticides, indicating the potential for use in a vector control application. This study, conducted in Brazil, evaluated the efficacy of this novel lure-and-kill approach to reduce seroconversion and infection incidence with L. infantum in the canine reservoir, in addition to measuring its impact on household abundance of Lu. longipalpis. Deployed in 14 stratified clusters, the outcomes were compared to those attributed to insecticide impregnated collars fitted to dogs in another 14 clusters; each intervention was compared to 14 clusters that received placebo treatments. The beneficial effects of the lure-and-kill method were most noticeable on confirmed infection incidence and clinical parasite loads, and in reducing sand fly abundance. The overall effect of the two interventions were not statistically dissimilar, though the confidence intervals were broad. We conclude that the novel low-cost lure-and-kill approach should be added to the vector control toolbox against visceral leishmaniasis in the Americas

INTERVENÇÕES DE ENFERMAGEM EM PACIENTES COM CARDIOPATIA: MÉTODOS E AVALIAÇÃO DE EFICÁCIA EM PACIENTES COM INSUFICIÊNCIA CARDÍACA

todo o mundo. O arsenal terapêutico disponível para este subgrupo de pacientes, que inclui tanto o tratamento farmacológico como o não-farmacológico, é complexo e de difícil seguimento estrito. Estratégias que visem melhorar a taxa de adesão de pacientes às prescrições são requeridas e podem contribuir para a redução de desfechos clínicos. Especificamente no cenário de atendimento de pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca, a avaliação, o acompanhamento e a prevenção de fatores precipitantes de descompensaçãomelhoram sintomas e previnem internação. No grupo de Insuficiência Cardíaca e Transplante Cardíaco do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, temos desenvolvido projetos de pesquisa envolvendo ferramentas e estratégias educativas para melhorar o acompanhamento e seguimento deste pacientes conforme as melhores práticas baseadas em evidências. Evidências de eficácia desta intervenção e perspectivas de pesquisa são apresentadasnesta revisão. Unitermos: Educação, intervenções de enfermagem, doenças cardiovasculares

Nursinintervenntions in patients with heart disease : methods ans evaluation of efficacy in heart failure patients

As doenças cardiovasculares constituem-se atualmente nos maiores agravos à saúde em todo o mundo. O arsenal terapêutico disponível para este subgrupo de pacientes, que inclui tanto o tratamento farmacológico como o não-farmacológico, é complexo e de difícil seguimento estrito. Estratégias que visem melhorar a taxa de adesão de pacientes às prescrições são requeridas e podem contribuir para a redução de desfechos clínicos. Especificamente no cenário de atendimento de pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca, a avaliação, o acompanhamento e a prevenção de fatores precipitantes de descompensação melhoram sintomas e previnem internação. No grupo de Insuficiência Cardíaca e Transplante Cardíaco do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, temos desenvolvido projetos de pesquisa envolvendo ferramentas e estratégias educativas para melhorar o acompanhamento e seguimento deste pacientes conforme as melhores práticas baseadas em evidências. Evidências de eficácia desta intervenção e perspectivas de pesquisa são apresentadas nesta revisão.Cardiovascular diseases are responsible for a large part of the global burden of diseases. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions aiming the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases are effective but complex and difficult to follow. Strategies to improve the adherence rates to the prescriptions may contribute to the reduction of clinical outcomes. With regard to the care of heart failure patients, prevention and correction of precipitant factors improve symptoms and lower the frequency of hospitalizations. In the unit of heart failure and cardiac transplant at HCPA, we have developed research projects with strategies for education and follow-up of such patients, according to the best evidencebased clinical practice. In this review, we present results of these interventions and the perspectives for the future development of research and care of patients with cardiovascular disease

The Stochastic Advance-Retreat Course: An Approach to Analyse Social-Economic Evolution

The paper presents the basic theory and conceptual model for advance-retreat course and provides the analytic model the stochastic advance-retreat course and the solving method of it, discusses the relations between the endogenous resistance and subject interests increase with the periodic vibration in an advance-retreat course, gets some results, like heightening appropriately the risk-free interest rate will be favorable to subject interests’ increasing in stable, interests increasing in high-speed will result in the fast increase of resistance, the subject progress in a appropriate pace may bring the conclusion such as lasting interests increase and return with higher-level interests, etc. Finally, the empirical researches empirical, on data of USA GDP (chained) price index, has been made to the stochastic advance-retreat model, and the results show that the stochastic advance-retreat model can describe USA economic development process in recent 65 years