3,722 research outputs found
On the Role of Relative Prices and Capital Flows in Balance-of-Payments Constrained Growth: the Experiences of Portugal and Spain in the Euro Area
Broadly speaking, the balance-of-payments constraint hypothesis as developed by Thirlwall has been empirically supported. Yet, it shows some shortcomings highlighted in the literature. In our opinion, two of them must be analysed. First, temporary disequilibria and capital flows must be incorporated into the balance-of-payments constrained growth models. Second, the role of relative prices must be made explicit, since it can be relevant even in an external constraint framework. This study is aimed at developing a model that incorporates both possibilities: temporary external disequilibria and a the impact of relative prices. This model is subsequently used to analyse the evolution of the Spanish and Portuguese economies in last decades, and, in particular, the different path shown by both countries since their accession to the Eurozone.Pese al respaldo empÃrico con el que ha contado la teorÃa de la restricción externa desarrollada a partir del modelo de Thirlwall, éste muestra algunas deficiencias destacadas en la literatura. En nuestra opinión, dos de ellas merecen ser analizadas. Por un lado, la necesidad de incorporar desequilibrios transitorios de la balanza de pagos y los consiguientes flujos de capital. Por otro, creemos los precios relativos pueden desempeñar un papel importante en el comercio exterior, sin que ello invalide la existencia de una restricción externa. El objetivo del presente trabajo consiste en desarrollar un modelo que incorpore ambas cuestiones, permitiendo, asÃ, un mayor protagonismo a los precios relativos y a los desequilibrios temporales de la balanza de pagos. Este modelo se emplea posteriormente para analizar la evolución de las economÃas española y portuguesa en las últimas décadas y, en especial, las diferencias mostradas desde su incorporación a la Eurozona.Growth, Balance of payments constraint, Exchange rate.
Polariton excitation in epsilon-near-zero slabs: transient trapping of slow light
We numerically investigate the propagation of a spatially localized and
quasi-monochromatic electromagnetic pulse through a slab with Lorentz
dielectric response in the epsilon-near-zero regime, where the real part of the
permittivity vanishes at the pulse carrier frequency. We show that the pulse is
able to excite a set of virtual polariton modes supported by the slab, the
excitation undergoing a generally slow damping due to absorption and radiation
leakage. Our numerical and analytical approaches indicate that in its transient
dynamics the electromagnetic field displays the very same enhancement of the
field component perpendicular to the slab, as in the monochromatic regime. The
transient trapping is inherently accompanied by a significantly reduced group
velocity ensuing from the small dielectric permittivity, thus providing a novel
platform for achieving control and manipulation of slow light
Estudar e Trabalhar na It\ue1lia: instrumentos e procedimentos para a inclus\ue3o de pessoas com defici\ueancia Studying and living in Italy: tools and procedures to include disabled people
Italy is known for the best practices on educational and la- bour inclusion. An organic set of laws allows a full access to education and work, ensuring rights and necessary re- sources to disabled people, their families and organisations hosting them. The evolution of the Italian regulatory frame- work has resulted in the development of a theoreticand conceptual structure on special pedagogy and didactics, to follow the constant changes and demands of the institu- tions and society. This paper examines the evolution of laws that transformed Italy in the forefront in social inclusion as well as the different moments and scope of them concern- ing the participation of people with disabilities in education and work
A quark model analysis of the Sivers function
We develop a formalism to evaluate the Sivers function. The approach is well
suited for calculations which use constituent quark models to describe the
structure of the nucleon. A non-relativistic reduction of the scheme is
performed and applied to the Isgur-Karl model of hadron structure. The results
obtained are consistent with a sizable Sivers effect and the signs for the u
and d flavor contributions turn out to be opposite. This pattern is in
agreement with the one found analyzing, in the same model, the impact parameter
dependent generalized parton distributions. The Burkardt Sum Rule turns out to
be fulfilled to a large extent. We estimate the QCD evolution of our results
from the momentum scale of the model to the experimental one and obtain
reasonable agreement with the available data.Comment: 31 pages, 4 figures. Extended version, discussion of the Burkardt Sum
Rule added, references added, minor changes in the numerical results, same
interpretation. Final version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
Why Should a Firm Choose to Limit the Size of its Market Area?
We study when a monopolistically-competitive firm may optimally choose to limit the size of its market. This may be the case when the cost of serving the market with geographically dispersed customers is increasing in size. We also investigate the incentives faced by a firm to limit the reach of its market, when it adopts different pricing schemes. We show that under certain assumptions the derived equilibria are constrained socially optimal.Monopolistic competition; Transport costs; Endogenous fixed costs; Overlapping market areas
One-Dimensional Super Calabi-Yau Manifolds and their Mirrors
We apply a definition of generalised super Calabi-Yau variety (SCY) to
supermanifolds of complex dimension one. One of our results is that there are
two SCY's having reduced manifold equal to , namely the
projective super space and the weighted projective super
space . Then we compute the corresponding sheaf
cohomology of superforms, showing that the cohomology with picture number one
is infinite dimensional, while the de Rham cohomology, which is what matters
from a physical point of view, remains finite dimensional. Moreover, we provide
the complete real and holomorphic de Rham cohomology for generic projective
super spaces . We also determine the automorphism groups:
these always match the dimension of the projective super group with the only
exception of , whose automorphism group turns out to be
larger than the projective general linear supergroup. By considering the
cohomology of the super tangent sheaf, we compute the deformations of
, discovering that the presence of a fermionic structure
allows for deformations even if the reduced manifold is rigid. Finally, we show
that is self-mirror, whereas has
a zero dimensional mirror. Also, the mirror map for
naturally endows it with a structure of super Riemann surface.Comment: 50 pages. Accepted for publication in JHE
Robustness of large-scale stochastic matrices to localized perturbations
Upper bounds are derived on the total variation distance between the
invariant distributions of two stochastic matrices differing on a subset W of
rows. Such bounds depend on three parameters: the mixing time and the minimal
expected hitting time on W for the Markov chain associated to one of the
matrices; and the escape time from W for the Markov chain associated to the
other matrix. These results, obtained through coupling techniques, prove
particularly useful in scenarios where W is a small subset of the state space,
even if the difference between the two matrices is not small in any norm.
Several applications to large-scale network problems are discussed, including
robustness of Google's PageRank algorithm, distributed averaging and consensus
algorithms, and interacting particle systems.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figure
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