Rub Some Dirt In It: Reconstructing Authentic Nineteenth-Century Great Plains\u27 Sod Structures

This thesis addresses the question: What is the best practices for reconstructing sod houses from the nineteenth century that balances authenticity and practicality. After the Homestead Act of 1862, land west of the Mississippi became easier to acquire for farm land. Since there are few trees on the Great Plains, which makes the region ideal for farming, the new settlers employed an alternative building material, sod. The prairie sod was cut into bricks and stacked to form a structure. Structures that were dug out of a hill or ravine were called dugouts and others were structures with four walls built completely out of sod bricks, a sod house. Since the main construction material is organic and disintegrates, few sod structures survive to the twentieth-first century. This fact brings sod structures into the category of impermanent architecture, which challenges the field of Historic Preservation used to working on more durable building types. Museums and individuals have tried to reconstruct sod structures for interpretation and educational reasons. Three different sites in Minnesota demonstrate the range of reproductions in terms of building materials and construction methods. This thesis analyses three replicas and the maintenance plan from a surviving sod structure and posit a reproduction technique that is both practical for building and authentic in interpreting nineteenth-century sod structures

Long Term Experiences of Tenants in Social Housing in East Kilbride: an Oral History Study

The aim of the project was to conduct an analysis of the extent to which the 'modern' homes of the new town of East Kilbride have met the promises of the original new town planners. It was their belief that high quality 'modern' housing in a planned environment would promote a sense of health and wellbeing amongst residents, improving their quality of life. By means of a series of in depth oral history interviews with long term residents this research probed people's subjective experiences of moving to the town, settling in and adapting, homemaking, leisure and community activities and their views on East Kilbride in 2011. The findings suggest high levels of aspiration amongst those who moved there and high levels of satisfaction with the quality of housing and the quality of life. East Kilbride offered space, new facilities and a sense of community. This was countered by the sense that today, growth of the town, the privileging of the private car and changes in home ownership and tenancy are altering the town's character so that the like-mindedness of earlier years is being replaced by individualism

From York to New Earswick: reforming working-class homes, 1899-1914

How to improve the lives of the working class and the poor in Britain has been a key concern for social reformers, architects and designers, and local and national governments throughout twentieth century, but the origins of this were in the preceding century. From the middle of the nineteenth century, reformers had understood the necessity of improving the living conditions, diet and material environment of those with low incomes. Housing, at the core of this, was increasingly a political issue, but as this case study of the development of a garden village in the North of England demonstrates, it was also a moral and aesthetic one

Introduction to Heritage Assets: 19th- and 20th-Century Convents and Monasteries

A short description of the history and architecture of English nineteenth and twentieth-century convents and monasteries, with an emphasis on their most significant attribute

The opposite of Dante's hell? The transfer of ideas for social housing at international congresses in the 1850s–1860s

With the advent of industrialization, the question of developing adequate housing for the emergent working classes became more pressing than before. Moreover, the problem of unhygienic houses in industrial cities did not stop at the borders of a particular nation-state; sometimes literally as pandemic diseases spread out 'transnationally'. It is not a coincidence that in the nineteenth century the number of international congresses on hygiene and social topics expanded substantially. However, the historiography about social policy in general and social housing in particular, has often focused on individual cases because of the different pace of industrial and urban development and is thus dominated by national perspectives. In this paper, I elaborate on transnational exchange processes and local adaptations and transformations. I focus on the transfer of the housing model of SOMCO in Mulhouse, (a French house building association) during social international congresses. I examine whether cross-national networking enabled and facilitated the implementation of ideas on the local scale. I will elaborate on the transmission and the local adaptation of the Mulhouse-model in Belgium. Convergences, divergences, and different factors that influenced the local transformations (personal choice, political situation, socioeconomic circumstances) will be taken into accoun

Self build design and construction processes and the future of sustainable design education

The paper was given during the First Annual International Conference on Construction, 20-23 June2011,in Athens, Greece; it was submitted and peer reviewed after the conference again and selected to be included in a book as a chapter.Research groups' funds

A review of the APC and CPD requirements of five built environment professional bodies

Built environment higher education is significantly concerned with education for the professions. This is reflected in the substantial number of professionally accredited built environment degree courses and by the fact that degree course study underpins a significant route to membership of many professional institutions. This working paper reviews the entry requirements – the assessment of professional competence (APC) - and the continuous professional development (CPD) requirements of five built environment professional institutions. The five professional institutions included within this review are: § Association of Building Engineers (ABE); § Chartered Institute of Building (CIOB); § Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA); § Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS); and § Royal Town Planners Institute (RTPI). These Professional Institutions accredit a significant number of Built Environment courses and are all members of the Construction Industry Council (CIC). The review provides a consolidated source of reference for tutors, higher education applicants, students and graduates of accredited built environment courses, novice professionals working towards professional membership and current professional body members undertaking CPD activities