Re-professionalizing teachers: earning a seat and a voice at the table

This study explored the perceptions of teachers, the current culture of teaching, and ways to regain influence within the teaching profession. Some scholarly researchers have begun to analyze and critique this current culture of deprofessionalization of teachers (Barantovich, 2006; Beijaard, Meijer and Verloop, 2004; Bolton and Muzio, 2008; Boote, 2006; Duncan, 2009; Goldstein, 2014; Ingersoll and Merrill, 2012; Ingersoll and Perda, 2012; Ingersoll and Perda, 2008, Kuhn, 2014; Labaree, 1992; Lee, 1995; Lortie, 1975; Milner, 2013; Ravitch, 2011; Rooney, 2015; Sachs, 2001; Wills and Haymore Sandholtz, 2009). Very little is known, however, about how teachers themselves are experiencing this phenomenon of deprofessionalization in their daily work lives. This qualitative study featured the authentic voice of seven public school teachers in West Virginia, who, during a ten-week period, responded to five open-ended questions. In the framework of Photovoice, a Participatory Action Research method that employs image and narrative to involve participants in data collection and interpretation, each participant submitted three images and captions per prompt and attended two focus group sessions. Findings indicated: Teachers are disempowered and disheartened; parents and teachers are disillusioned equally with their relations; opinions of teacher quality are deprecated; and rates of teacher burnout are pronounced. Practices connected to the study offered examples of participatory methods associated with Photovoice as well as critical reflection and dialogue to stimulate collaboration, reflection, understanding, and encouragement among teachers who seek a professional identity. In essence, the emergent themes identified in the study indicate that teachers negotiate themselves into an identity that is based upon forces from outside of the profession that deprofessionalize in regard to construction of educational policy, instructional design, and professional identity

Beyond the End or the Means: Co-Theorizing Engagement for HIV Programming and Service Provision

Within health, community engagement is positioned as either a means, or an end. It is often framed as an apolitical, linear, and/or individualistic process, thus eschewing the relational or socio-structural factors that inform it. Although the rhetoric of engagement can be found across multiple policy, program and funding documents, the ways in which engagement is understood (or enacted) are rarely explored. As a fuzzy concept, it regularly morphs across contexts, leading many including those working in the HIV sector to note that engagement is undertheorized. Picturing Participation: Exploring Engagement in HIV Programming, Service Provision and Care is a community-based participatory research project, co-led by a team of community members, staff and academic researchers. It uses case study design and photovoice to explore how stakeholders conceptualize engagement within and across different HIV organizational sites: an AIDS service organization, a youth HIV prevention program and a sub-acute HIV hospital. This dissertation is nested in this larger project; it contains several sole and co-authored elements, including: an introduction, a community-report that provides an overview of key project findings, three stand-alone manuscripts, poetry, photography and installations. The first co-authored manuscript explores how participants use of journey metaphors illustrates their understandings of engagement as relational, temporal, and informed by organizational contexts and stakeholder roles. In the second manuscript, I put youths narratives of non-participation in conversation with decolonial and critical scholarship on the politics of refusal, neoliberalism, will, and the call to participate. This reading demonstrates how not participating can be productively read as a self-determined form of resistance. The last two chapters explore what new conditions of possibility are created for (co)-theorizing engagement if engagement is approached as a beyond. The third manuscript explores how my theoretical conceptions as a researcher/facilitator inevitably shaped the design and implementation of the methods used. I explore the methodological opportunities of bridging photovoice with site-specific installations, and working with the crafted-nature of images. The discussion proposes a new way of theorizing engagement as a dynamic, affective and pedagogical (and thus relational and ethical) process. It shares a researcher-produced installation as a site to reflect on the opportunities and tensions of doing collaborative, interdisciplinary doctoral work

Visual Methodology in Migration Studies

This open access book explores the use of visual methods in migration studies through a combination of theoretical analyses and empirical studies. The first section looks at how various visual methods, including photography, film, and mental maps, may be used to analyse the spatial presence of migrants. The second section addresses the processual building of narratives around migration, thereby using formats such as film and visual essay, and reflecting upon the ways they become carriers and mediators of both story and theory within the subject of migration. Section three focuses on vulnerable communities and discusses how visual methods can empower these communities, thereby also focusing on the theoretical and ethical implications of migration. The fourth section addresses the issue of migrant representation in visual discourses. The fifth and concluding section comprises of a single methodological chapter which systematizes the use of visual methods in migration studies across disciplines, with regard to their empirical, theoretical, and ethical implications. Multidisciplinary in character, this book is an interesting read for students and migration scholars who engage with visual methods, as well as practitioners, journalists, filmmakers, photographers, curators of exhibitions who engage with a topic of migration visually.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Expanding Data Imaginaries in Urban Planning:Foregrounding lived experience and community voices in studies of cities with participatory and digital visual methods

“Expanding Data Imaginaries in Urban Planning” synthesizes more than three years of industrial research conducted within Gehl and the Techno–Anthropology Lab at Aalborg University. Through practical experiments with social media images, digital photovoice, and participatory mapmaking, the project explores how visual materials created by citizens can be used within a digital and participatory methodology to reconfigure the empirical ground of data-driven urbanism. Drawing on a data feminist framework, the project uses visual research to elevate community voices and situate urban issues in lived experiences. As a Science and Technology Studies project, the PhD also utilizes its industrial position as an opportunity to study Gehl’s practices up close, unpacking collectively held narratives and visions that form a particular “data imaginary” and contribute to the production and perpetuation of the role of data in urban planning. The dissertation identifies seven epistemological commitments that shape the data imaginary at Gehl and act as discursive closures within their practice. To illustrate how planners might expand on these, the dissertation uses its own data experiments as speculative demonstrations of how to make alternative modes of knowing cities possible through participatory and digital visual methods

Regarding Aid: The photographic situation of humanitarianism

Since the invention of photography, the medium has played an increasingly central role in shaping spectators’ imagination of distant suffering and calamitous experiences. The discourse of humanitarianism has evolved alongside photography and has relied on the medium to give it shape. Indeed, humanitarianism is and always has been a photographic situation, which is to say, photography has played and continues to play a significant role in constituting the very terms of humanitarianism, including how it is referenced, conceived, understood, and practiced. This dissertation is concerned with the historical role of photography in shaping the humanitarian imagination, as well as the ways the medium has given form to and mediated the relations between its central actors. It also argues that knowing this history is crucial for advancing humanitarian photography and humanitarian relations writ large. Regarding Aid: The photographic situation of humanitarianism takes a cultural history approach that enables an exploration of the way in which photography can present links to the past, revealing the origins and the longstanding nature of some of the practices and debates around humanitarian photography. Using a variety of visual theories, I define photography as an event rather than a technology for producing pictures. The dissertation is built around three case studies: 1) Henry Dunant’s graphic language in A Memory of Solferino; 2) Lewis Hine’s European photographs for the American Red Cross taken during and immediately after the First World War; and, 3) a journalist’s photograph of the French army in Rwanda during the 1994 genocide which is prominently used in a memorial site. These case studies allow for an exploration of photography’s role in altering people’s perceptions with regard to distant suffering, in focusing on particular types of subjects, and in mediating humanitarian relations. I examine the ways in which humanitarian actors and Western spectators have been prioritized in aid discourse at the expense of the objectified suffering “other,” but coinciding with a recent movement within the humanitarian ecosystem, I also explore the way that photography might reshape aid in more collaborative and de-imperialized ways

OUT OF THE CORE: NEGOTIATING EVERYDAY DIFFERENCE AND BELONGING AMONG RACIALIZED YOUTH IN EAST-END TORONTO NEIGHBOURHOODS

The objective of this study is to examine the way youth negotiate belonging in two priority neighbourhoods - Malvern and Chester Le in Toronto’s east-end. It asks how youth experience belonging and negotiate difference in ‘priority neighbourhoods’. In what ways does space shape belonging and difference? How do youth reproduce dominant scripts and rupture others in their quest for belonging in their communities? In contrast to the previous studies that are spatially decontextualized, I argue that neighbourhoods are the very sites where youth negotiate differences and connections as they engage with peers, families, friends and residents. The importance of space in studying youth’s sense of belonging is particularly valuable in Toronto where neighbourhoods are highly diverse and stratified. Building on prior investigations on belonging that tend to focus on attachment to the nation (Yuval-Davis 2006), in this dissertation I re-scale belonging to understand if and how neighbourhoods matter in the experiences of belonging. Is it possible to simultaneously feel excluded from the nation, but yet forge attachments to sub-national spaces? I use Yuval-Davis’s (2006) conceptualization of belonging and the politics of belonging and Bourdieu’s (1984) social field, habitus, and symbolic violence. I also draw on the literature that underscores the importance of space in negotiations of difference and experiences of belonging. I braid together a conceptual framework with the aim to achieve a more nuanced understanding of the ways power operates in the everyday context of ‘priority neighbourhoods’ and how processes of inclusion and exclusion and boundaries of belonging are demarcated. The approach attends to the interpretive dimensions of youth difference and belonging as situated within structural and discursive inequalities that shape their lives. I employ an ethnographic approach to argue that youth’s negotiations of difference and experiences of belonging are rooted in neighbourhood contexts. It is important to account for these local realities because they have both policy implications and allow for thinking about intercultural solidarity

Sensitivity analysis in a scoping review on police accountability : assessing the feasibility of reporting criteria in mixed studies reviews

In this paper, we report on the findings of a sensitivity analysis that was carried out within a previously conducted scoping review, hoping to contribute to the ongoing debate about how to assess the quality of research in mixed methods reviews. Previous sensitivity analyses mainly concluded that the exclusion of inadequately reported or lower quality studies did not have a significant effect on the results of the synthesis. In this study, we conducted a sensitivity analysis on the basis of reporting criteria with the aims of analysing its impact on the synthesis results and assessing its feasibility. Contrary to some previous studies, our analysis showed that the exclusion of inadequately reported studies had an impact on the results of the thematic synthesis. Initially, we also sought to propose a refinement of reporting criteria based on the literature and our own experiences. In this way, we aimed to facilitate the assessment of reporting criteria and enhance its consistency. However, based on the results of our sensitivity analysis, we opted not to make such a refinement since many publications included in this analysis did not sufficiently report on the methodology. As such, a refinement would not be useful considering that researchers would be unable to assess these (sub-)criteria

Keepers of the Port: Visualising Place and Identity in a Dublin Dock Community

This practice-based thesis responds to the absence of documentary film or photographic studies and scholarship that embrace the contrasting experiences of different dock working constituencies in the transforming early twenty-first century space of Dublin Port. It is a filmic investigation into how the experiences and memories of this community of workers in Dublin’s surviving port space shape their urban identity and sense of place, undertaken with regard to the sensuous, haptic qualities of documentary and ethnographic filmmaking. In the ever-shifting world of neoliberalism, its narratives – in relation to labour practices – prioritise faceless markets over the humanity of working life. Therefore, in an attempt to interrogate the lived experiences and memories of working life and how these are central to the shaping of identity, the research is framed within the context of contrasting constituencies within the port community – dockers, crane drivers, stevedores, marine operatives and port managers

General introduction media archaeology : Foucault’s legacy

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