WHAT AND HOW AFFECT INFLUENCE THE CONSEQUENCE OF PRODUCT TRIAL

IT product trial is an important method to promote consumers’ attitude toward IT product. Affect is one of the most essential factors and components in determining consumers’ attitude. However, previous studies pay more attention to the affective response to trial, which measure the holistic feeling about product trial experience. Affect in product trial is complex and multipartite that different parts may have different influence on consumers’ attitude. Therefore, we build the Affective Response Framework to divide consumers’ affect into affective response to product, affective response to behaviour, and affective response to environment. And then we analyse the relationship between three components of affective response and consumers’ attitude. In order to test the hypothesis, we launch a field study of new IT product trial (an electroencephalogram product) among 205 college students. Results reveal that affective response to product and behaviour have positive influence on attitude toward product; affective response to behaviour and environment have positive influence on attitude toward trial

What is in it for me? an exploratory study of the impact of involvement and attitude on clinical trial behaviour

Consumers in the “information society” are overloaded with marketing communication and have become efficient at screening such messages by asking a simple question: “what is in it for me?” Relevance and involvement are important factors determining attention to communications messages. The study investigates the relationship between attitudes to the advertisement (and message) and potential behaviour consequences in a clinical trial context by conducting a survey of 300 people. The results indicate that the relationship between involvement, attitude and potential behaviour differs greatly among different age groups. Findings suggest two levels of involvement, attitudinal and behavioural, as having a different impact on potential behaviour. The study aims to identify online behaviours of luxury brand advocates referring to differentiation between active and passive loyalists. A netnographic approach was used to observe groups of luxury handbag advocates. Key findings include an identification of engagement manifested in positive word of mouth and enthusiastic brand recommendation. Advocates routinely share their love of particular brands, openly expressing joy and sharing heightened levels of self-esteem. Engaged passive loyalists tend to share less with peers, but instead celebrate their purchases more personally

An investigation of the myopia for future consequences theory of VMF patient behaviour on the Iowa Gambling Task: An abstract neural network simulation

Somatic marker theory proposes that body states act as a valence associated with potential choices based on prior outcomes; and thus aid decision-making. The main supporting evidence for this theory arose from clinical interviews of subjects with ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMF) lesions and their performance on the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). VMF patient behaviour has been described as myopia about future consequences. The aim of this paper is to investigate the implications of this description using an abstract simulation of the neural mechanisms that could underlie decision-making in this type of reinforcement learning task

The Health Impact Fund: How Might It Work for Novel Anticoagulants in Atrial Fibrillation?

Cardiovascular diseases represent the greatest burden of global disease. Spending on cardiovascular diseases is higher than for other diseases, with the majority being spent on drugs. Therefore, these drugs and these diseases are hugely important to health systems, society, and pharmaceutical companies. The Health Impact Fund represents a new mechanism by which pharmaceutical innovators would be rewarded on the basis of the health impact of their new drugs. This review illustrates the concept of the Health Impact Fund using the example of novel anticoagulants for prevention of stroke and thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation. By considering existing data and the current situation for novel anticoagulants, we suggest that epidemiologic data and modeling techniques can be used to predict future trends in disease and the health impact of new drugs. The Health Impact Fund may offer potential benefits to pharmaceutical companies, patients, and governments and warrants proper investigation

Social attitudes modulate automatic imitation

In naturalistic interpersonal settings, mimicry or ‘automatic imitation’ generates liking, affiliation, cooperation and other positive social attitudes. The purpose of this study was to find out whether the relationship between social attitudes and mimicry is bidirectional: Do social attitudes have a direct and specific effect on mimicry? Participants were primed with pro-social, neutral or anti-social words in a scrambled sentence task. They were then tested for mimicry using a stimulus-response compatibility procedure. In this procedure, participants were required to perform a pre-specified movement (e.g. opening their hand) on presentation of a compatible (open) or incompatible (close) hand movement. Reaction time data were collected using electromyography (EMG) and the magnitude of the mimicry / automatic imitation effect was calculated by subtracting reaction times on compatible trials from those on incompatible trials. Pro-social priming produced a larger automatic imitation effect than anti-social priming, indicating that the relationship between mimicry and social attitudes is bidirectional, and that social attitudes have a direct and specific effect on the tendency to imitate behavior without intention or conscious awareness

Capitalizing on Criminal Justice

The U.S. criminal justice system “piles on.” It punishes too many for too long. Much criminal law scholarship focuses on the problem of excessive punishment. Yet for the low-level offenses that dominate state court workloads, much of the harm caused by arrests and convictions arises outside the formal criminal sentence. It stems from spiraling hidden penalties and the impact of a criminal record. The key question is not just why the state over-punishes, but rather why so many different institutions—law enforcement institutions as well as civil regulatory agencies and private actors—find it valuable to do so. This Article argues that the reach of the criminal justice system is not just the product of overly punitive laws, but also the product of institutions capitalizing on criminal law decisions for their own ends. Criminal law is meant to serve a public purpose, but in practice, key institutions create, disseminate, and rely on low-level criminal records because they offer a source of revenue or provide a cost-effective way of achieving discrete administrative objectives. These incentives drive and expand the reach of the criminal justice system, even as they work in tension with the state’s sentencing goals. This dynamic creates obvious harm. But it also benefits key actors, such as municipalities, privatized probation companies, background check providers, employers, and others who have incentives to maintain the system as it is. This Article identifies how organizational incentives lead a host of institutions to capitalize on criminal law decisions, and it argues that reform efforts must, as a central goal, recognize and respond to these incentives