CHORUS Deliverable 3.3: Vision Document - Intermediate version

The goal of the CHORUS vision document is to create a high level vision on audio-visual search engines in order to give guidance to the future R&D work in this area (in line with the mandate of CHORUS as a Coordination Action). This current intermediate draft of the CHORUS vision document (D3.3) is based on the previous CHORUS vision documents D3.1 to D3.2 and on the results of the six CHORUS Think-Tank meetings held in March, September and November 2007 as well as in April, July and October 2008, and on the feedback from other CHORUS events. The outcome of the six Think-Thank meetings will not just be to the benefit of the participants which are stakeholders and experts from academia and industry – CHORUS, as a coordination action of the EC, will feed back the findings (see Summary) to the projects under its purview and, via its website, to the whole community working in the domain of AV content search. A few subjections of this deliverable are to be completed after the eights (and presumably last) Think-Tank meeting in spring 2009

Mental Wellbeing in Prostate Cancer Treatment and Survivorship:Outcome Definition, Prognostic Factors, and Prognostic Model Development

A prostate cancer diagnosis and its subsequent management can produce numerous challenges to patients. With already significant and further improving survival rates there is a growing realisation that living longer does not always equate to living well. This means that issues pertaining to quality of life and wellbeing are of particular importance to this group of patients. The focus around this has long been on the physical sequelae of disease and treatment, but there is now an increasing amount of evidence to demonstrate the significant impact that exists on the mental wellbeing of individuals. However, whilst this is being increasingly acknowledged, less is understood about what exact mental wellbeing outcomes are of importance in this group of patients. Additionally, little is known about which specific individuals subsequently appear to have poorer mental wellbeing outcomes after their diagnosis.The current work therefore aimed to evaluate the following for patients with prostate cancer: 1) Define important mental wellbeing outcomes of interest, 2) Summarise existing quantitative evaluation methods for defined mental wellbeing outcomes, 3) Explore important prognostic factors for poorer mental wellbeing post diagnosis, and 4) Develop and internally validate a prognostic model for the development of significant mental wellbeing issues. Part 1 of this thesis sets out to define important mental wellbeing outcomes of interest and their evaluation methods through four chapters. This includes multiple independent systematic reviews of the literature and a qualitative study conducting patient interviews to explore their lived experiences post diagnosis. Through these chapters five important constructs were selected as key mental wellbeing outcomes of interest including depression, anxiety, body image perception, fear of cancer recurrence/progression, and masculinity. Additionally, for each of these outcomes the most utilised and validated quantitative psychometric tools were identified and summarised. These selected outcomes were subsequently taken forward for Part 2 of this thesis to evaluate important patient, oncological, and treatment prognostic factors associated with poorer mental wellbeing outcomes in this cohort. This included a systematic review and meta- analysis utilising prognosis research methodology, a cross-sectional survey of healthcare professionals, and a prospective multi-institutional cohort study of newly diagnosed patients entitled MIND-P. These methodologically differing studies were utilised in a triangulation approach together to identify potentially important prognostic factors for the previously selected outcomes. These highlight several potential factors of interest including age, a previous psychiatric diagnosis, mental health symptoms at baseline, co-morbidities, marital status, functional symptoms, stage at diagnosis, and undergoing hormone therapy. Lastly, Part 3 of this thesis culminates in the development and internal validation of a novel multivariable prognostic model for individual patient prediction. This focussed on a composite mental wellbeing outcome as well as risk prediction for each individual mental wellbeing outcome previously defined. Utilising candidate predictors established within Part 2 of this thesis and a sample from the MIND-P study, a final model was developed which utilised age, a previous psychiatric diagnosis, stage of disease, baseline anxiety symptoms, and baseline urinary and sexual function as predictors. The developed model demonstrated acceptable overall performance, calibration, and discrimination during its internal validation. Additionally, instability was seen to be minimal in most measures evaluated. This developed prognostic model offers a first of its kind model within prostate cancer care, and the first to evaluate multiple mental wellbeing outcomes within cancer care in general. Overall, the findings of this thesis highlight the importance of mental wellbeing for patients with prostate cancer and hence the key need to monitor these outcomes in routine follow up care for all patients. This should include the identified outcomes of interest and their respective measurement tools. Additionally, the highlighted prognostic factors and the prognostic model offer potential methods to better target screening and prevention strategies to improve mental wellbeing for these patients. However, the formal evaluation of these was beyond the scope of this thesis and hence should be considered within future research, along with the external validation and clinical utility of the developed model to better define its performance across different populations and understand its impact on outcomes when utilised prior to its widespread clinical utilisation

The emerging landscape of Social Media Data Collection: anticipating trends and addressing future challenges

[spa] Las redes sociales se han convertido en una herramienta poderosa para crear y compartir contenido generado por usuarios en todo internet. El amplio uso de las redes sociales ha llevado a generar una enorme cantidad de información, presentando una gran oportunidad para el marketing digital. A través de las redes sociales, las empresas pueden llegar a millones de consumidores potenciales y capturar valiosos datos de los consumidores, que se pueden utilizar para optimizar estrategias y acciones de marketing. Los beneficios y desafíos potenciales de utilizar las redes sociales para el marketing digital también están creciendo en interés entre la comunidad académica. Si bien las redes sociales ofrecen a las empresas la oportunidad de llegar a una gran audiencia y recopilar valiosos datos de los consumidores, el volumen de información generada puede llevar a un marketing sin enfoque y consecuencias negativas como la sobrecarga social. Para aprovechar al máximo el marketing en redes sociales, las empresas necesitan recopilar datos confiables para propósitos específicos como vender productos, aumentar la conciencia de marca o fomentar el compromiso y para predecir los comportamientos futuros de los consumidores. La disponibilidad de datos de calidad puede ayudar a construir la lealtad a la marca, pero la disposición de los consumidores a compartir información depende de su nivel de confianza en la empresa o marca que lo solicita. Por lo tanto, esta tesis tiene como objetivo contribuir a la brecha de investigación a través del análisis bibliométrico del campo, el análisis mixto de perfiles y motivaciones de los usuarios que proporcionan sus datos en redes sociales y una comparación de algoritmos supervisados y no supervisados para agrupar a los consumidores. Esta investigación ha utilizado una base de datos de más de 5,5 millones de colecciones de datos durante un período de 10 años. Los avances tecnológicos ahora permiten el análisis sofisticado y las predicciones confiables basadas en los datos capturados, lo que es especialmente útil para el marketing digital. Varios estudios han explorado el marketing digital a través de las redes sociales, algunos centrándose en un campo específico, mientras que otros adoptan un enfoque multidisciplinario. Sin embargo, debido a la naturaleza rápidamente evolutiva de la disciplina, se requiere un enfoque bibliométrico para capturar y sintetizar la información más actualizada y agregar más valor a los estudios en el campo. Por lo tanto, las contribuciones de esta tesis son las siguientes. En primer lugar, proporciona una revisión exhaustiva de la literatura sobre los métodos para recopilar datos personales de los consumidores de las redes sociales para el marketing digital y establece las tendencias más relevantes a través del análisis de artículos significativos, palabras clave, autores, instituciones y países. En segundo lugar, esta tesis identifica los perfiles de usuario que más mienten y por qué. Específicamente, esta investigación demuestra que algunos perfiles de usuario están más inclinados a cometer errores, mientras que otros proporcionan información falsa intencionalmente. El estudio también muestra que las principales motivaciones detrás de proporcionar información falsa incluyen la diversión y la falta de confianza en las medidas de privacidad y seguridad de los datos. Finalmente, esta tesis tiene como objetivo llenar el vacío en la literatura sobre qué algoritmo, supervisado o no supervisado, puede agrupar mejor a los consumidores que proporcionan sus datos en las redes sociales para predecir su comportamiento futuro

The Evolution of Smart Buildings: An Industrial Perspective of the Development of Smart Buildings in the 2010s

Over the course of the 2010s, specialist research bodies have failed to provide a holistic view of the changes in the prominent reason (as driven by industry) for creating a smart building. Over the 2010s, research tended to focus on remaining deeply involved in only single issues or value drivers. Through an analysis of the author’s peer reviewed and published works (book chapters, articles, essays and podcasts), supplemented with additional contextual academic literature, a model for how the key drivers for creating a smart building have evolved in industry during the 2010s is presented. The critical research commentary within this thesis, tracks the incremental advances of technology and their application to the built environment via academic movements, industrial shifts, or the author’s personal contributions. This thesis has found that it is demonstrable, through the chronology and publication dates of the included research papers, that as the financial cost and complexity of sensors and cloud computing reduced, smart buildings became increasingly prevalent. Initially, sustainability was the primary focus with the use of HVAC analytics and advanced metering in the early 2010s. The middle of the decade saw an economic transformation of the commercial office sector and the driver for creating a smart building was concerned with delivering flexible yet quantifiably used space. Driven by society’s emphasis on health, wellbeing and productivity, smart buildings pivoted their focus towards the end of the 2010s. Smart building technologies were required to demonstrate the impacts of architecture on the human. This research has evidenced that smart buildings use data to improve performance in sustainability, in space usage or for humancentric outcomes

Using corpus methods to investigate classroom interaction and teacher discourse in special educational needs (SEN) classrooms: an investigation of methodological possibilities

This thesis uses corpus methods to investigate classroom interaction in SEN classrooms. Typically research in the field of teacher talk takes a pedagogic or psychological perspective and has therefore utilised experimental or observational data on a much smaller scale than this corpus-based analysis. The advantages of such a corpus analysis is considered, including the benefits of a larger and empirical data set and automated analyses. The SEN Classrooms Corpus created for purpose of this study amounts to 52,813 words of spoken teacher-pupil interaction. Data comes from 16 lessons from two classes with two different teachers in a single SEN school over a two-year period. All interactions involve at least one teacher and groups of between three and nine pupils engaging in literacy classes with a focus upon shared reading. As features of teacher discourse were often only vaguely defined by function in the relevant literature, a methodological process was adapted to translate these into automatic corpus queries. First, definitions were combined with definitions from contemporary English grammars in order to provide a linguistic form for each teacher discourse feature. These forms were then translated into CQP advanced syntax queries, allowing us to retrieval examples of each feature from the SEN Classrooms Corpus. Analyses in this thesis focuses upon the four most common features of teacher discourse as identified in the literature and based upon the pilot study (Smith, 2015): questions, directives, augmentative and alternative communication and feedback. Following the creation of queries, corpus methods including frequency, distribution and concordancing were used in order to assess both how often and in what contexts individual features were used within the SEN Classrooms Corpus. This, in turn, allows us to investigate exactly how teacher discourse occurs within these classrooms. This thesis provides three major conclusions regarding the use of corpus methods to assess teacher scaffolding in SEN classrooms. First, it demonstrates how a corpus of such interactive data might be created, including important methodological considerations. Second, it provides a framework by which we might move from ill-defined features in literature to complete corpus queries that aid automated corpus analyses. Finally, the use of this unique corpus and this set of methods and queries allows us to investigate how different features of teacher discourse are used by teachers within the SEN Classrooms Corpus, including whether these uses confirm or challenge the findings of previous empirical research

Exploring decision making and patient involvement in prosthetic prescription

Background Recent conflicts have seen an increase in trauma related military amputees who incur complex injuries which result in varied residual limbs. In many cases these amputees have been provided with state of the art (SOTA) components with the expectation that they will transfer into NHS care after military discharge. However, there is a lack of knowledge around how prosthetic prescriptions are made in both the MOD and NHS, including patient involvement. It is important to explore prosthetic prescription decisions to enhance the quality, consistency and equity of care delivery for trauma amputees. This thesis explores decision making in prosthetic care for trauma amputees in the UK during this period of change. Aims To explore aspects of prosthetic care provision in the UK including clinical decision making, patient experience and the transition of prosthetic care from the MOD to the NHS. Design An exploratory qualitative project informed by decision making and patient involvement theory. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with nineteen clinical staff involved in prosthetic provision, six civilian and five veteran trauma amputees. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Findings Prosthetists used a wide range of factors in making prescription decisions, including physical characteristics, patients’ goals, and predicted activity levels. Prescription decision making varied depending on the prosthetists’ level of experience and the different ‘cues’ identified. In some cases there was a lack of transparency about drivers for the prescription choice. Prescription decisions are influenced by long term relationships between prosthetist and patient, allowing a trial and error approach with increasing patient involvement over time. Patient experiences of their trauma amputation influenced their approach to rehabilitation. Patients reported wanting different levels of involvement in their prosthetic care, however, communication was essential for all. Veteran amputees benefited from peer support opportunities which NHS services were less conducive to. However, NHS amputees were more likely to have been ‘involved’ in care decisions. The expectations that MOD patients had of inferior care in the NHS were not realised in the majority of veteran cases. Recommendations Research is needed to support prosthetists’ decisions to become more consistent and transparent. The NHS should consider introducing a peer support model for trauma patients, and particularly in the early stages of rehabilitation