Differences in Early Childhood Caries Status on Parental Stress Levels and Socioeconomic Status in Makassar City, Indonesia, During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Objective: To analyze the differences in early childhood caries status on parental stress levels and socioeconomic status in Makassar City, Indonesia, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and Methods: This type of analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted in North Rantepao, Toraja City, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. The research subjects of this study were parents who met the criteria, were willing to participate in the study, and had children aged 6-17 years. The questionnaire instrument with the criteria for assessing children's dental and oral health was assessed based on parents' perceptions. Each item is rated on a scale from 1 (never) to 5 (always). Then the total score was divided into three categories, namely low (score 3-6), moderate (score 7-10), and high (score 11-15). Comparative test analysis using Chi-Square test. Results: Parents with high-stress levels had more children with poor oral health. There is a significant difference according to the level of stress and socioeconomic status of the parents. Conclusion: There is a significant difference between caries status in early childhood based on socioeconomic status and parental stress level

Analysis of risk factors promoting development of caries in children afflicted with diffuse nontoxic goiter

Резюме Метою дослідження є встановлення механізмів формування змін у твердих тканинах зубів дітей за умов ураження дифузним нетоксичним зобом шляхом оцінки основних етіологічних чинників розвитку каріозного процесу. Для цього проведено клінічне спостереження за 110 дітьми віком 6-7 та 150 дітьми віком 12 років, які страждали дифузним нетоксичним зобом. Діти були розподілені на підгрупи залежно від ступеня тяжкості тиреопатології. Групи контролю склали соматично здорові діти того ж віку. Для оцінки карієсогенної ситуації в ротовій порожнині дітей груп спостереження було проведено визначення гігієнічних індексів (OHI-S та Silness-Loe), індексів карієсу (кп, КПВ, КПВ+кп), стану місцевого імунітету за показником активності лізоциму, рН ротової рідини, швидкості слиновиділення, резистентності емалі зубів (ТЕР-тест за В.Р. Окушко); проаналізовано особливості харчового раціону та соціально-поведінкових факторів за даними анкетування. Висновки. У дітей, хворих на дифузний нетоксичний зоб, так само як і в соматично здорових дітей, присутні основні карієсогенні чинники: мікробний, підтвердженням чого є незадовільна гігієна ротової порожнини; вуглеводний, оскільки вживання вуглеводів знаходиться на високому рівні та структурна неповноцінність твердих тканин зубів, що стають сприятливим середовищем для ініціації процесу демінералізації. Однак вірогідно гіршими показниками в дітей на тлі дифузного нетоксичного зоба були значення ТЕР-тесту, що вказує на суттєве зниження резистентності емалі зубів за умов тиреопатології. Виявлені зміни, на нашу думку, є результатом відхилень у метаболізмі в твердих та м’яких тканинах зубощелепного апарату при тиреопатології.Summary The objective of the study is to determine the mechanisms of formation of changes in the hard dental tissues of children under conditions of affliction with diffuse nontoxic goiter by means of evaluation of the main etiological factors promoting the development of carious process. Fore this purpose 110 children at the age of 6-7 years and 150 children at the age of 12 years suffered from diffuse nontoxic goiter were clinically observed. The children were distributed into subgroups depending on the degree of severity of thyroid pathology. The control group included somatically healthy children of the same ages. To estimate caries-genic situation in the oral cavity of children from the groups of observation the following in dices were detected: hygienic (OHI-S and Silness-Loe), caries indices (df (decayed, filled), DMF (decayed, missing, filled), DMF +df),condition of the local immunity by the index of lysozyme activity, рН of the oral cavity, rate of salivation, dental enamel resistance test (TER-test by V.R. Okushko); peculiarities of diet and social-behavioral factors were analyzed by the findings of the survey conducted. Conclusions. The main caries-genic factors are found in children afflicted with diffuse nontoxic goiter and as well as in somatically healthy children: microbial, evidenced by unsatisfactory oral hygiene; carbohydrate, as the intake of carbohydrates is on a high level, andstructural immaturity of the dental hard tissues which become a favorable medium for the initiation of the process of demineralization. Although, against the ground of diffuse nontoxic goiter the values of TER-test were reliably worse which is indicative of a sufficient decrease of the dental enamel resistance under conditions of thyroid pathology. To our mind, the changes found are the result of metabolic disorders in the hard and soft tissues of the dento-alveolar apparatus in case of thyroid pathology

Association pattern of students thesis examination using fp-growth algorithms

The thesis examination is the final project for students to graduate from their majors. This thesis researches scientific work between a student and a supervisor in finding solutions to a problem. In the thesis examination, students must present their research results to be criticized by the examiner. This article aims to analyze the association pattern of student thesis examinations at a private university. Although the thesis's implementation has been carried out following procedures, to determine the composition of the board of examiners needs to be analyzed by examining the pattern of relationships between research topics, supervisors, and examiners. This study uses 448 data and uses FP-Growth Algorithms to find the rules. The research methodology starts from preparing the Dataset, cleansing data, selecting data, loading data into applications, transforming data, itemset frequencies, forming patterns, and analyzing rules. This study found 145 patterns of association rules with a minimum support value = 4 and a minimum trust value = 50%. The association rule pattern of 77.78% is under scientific group data. The benefits of the association pattern produced in this study can determine the composition of the examiners on the student thesis examination according to the research topic and scientific field of the examiners

Applying Process-Oriented Data Science to Dentistry

Background: Healthcare services now often follow evidence-based principles, so technologies such as process and data mining will help inform their drive towards optimal service delivery. Process mining (PM) can help the monitoring and reporting of this service delivery, measure compliance with guidelines, and assess effectiveness. In this research, PM extracts information about clinical activity recorded in dental electronic health records (EHRs) converts this into process-models providing stakeholders with unique insights to the dental treatment process. This thesis addresses a gap in prior research by demonstrating how process analytics can enhance our understanding of these processes and the effects of changes in strategy and policy over time. It also emphasises the importance of a rigorous and documented methodological approach often missing from the published literature. Aim: Apply the emerging technology of PM to an oral health dataset, illustrating the value of the data in the dental repository, and demonstrating how it can be presented in a useful and actionable manner to address public health questions. A subsidiary aim is to present the methodology used in this research in a way that provides useful guidance to future applications of dental PM. Objectives: Review dental and healthcare PM literature establishing state-of-the-art. Evaluate existing PM methods and their applicability to this research’s dataset. Extend existing PM methods achieving the aims of this research. Apply PM methods to the research dataset addressing public health questions. Document and present this research’s methodology. Apply data-mining, PM, and data-visualisation to provide insights into the variable pathways leading to different outcomes. Identify the data needed for PM of a dental EHR. Identify challenges to PM of dental EHR data. Methods: Extend existing PM methods to facilitate PM research in public health by detailing how data extracts from a dental EHR can be effectively managed, prepared, and used for PM. Use existing dental EHR and PM standards to generate a data reference model for effective PM. Develop a data-quality management framework. Results: Comparing the outputs of PM to established care-pathways showed that the dataset facilitated generation of high-level pathways but was less suitable for detailed guidelines. Used PM to identify the care pathway preceding a dental extraction under general anaesthetic and provided unique insights into this and the effects of policy decisions around school dental screenings. Conclusions: Research showed that PM and data-mining techniques can be applied to dental EHR data leading to fresh insights about dental treatment processes. This emerging technology along with established data mining techniques, should provide valuable insights to policy makers such as principal and chief dental officers to inform care pathways and policy decisions

Child Health Supervision: Analytical Studies in the Financing, Delivery, and Cost-Effectiveness of Preventive and Health Promotion Services for Infants, Children, and Adolescents

Contents: Financing and Delivery of Child Health Supervision Services (An Overview of Health Insurance Coverage and Access to Child Health Supervision Services, Private Health Insurance Coverage of Preventive Benefits for Children, A 20-Year Retrospective of Child Health Supervision in Ambulatory Pediatric Settings, Ensuring Adequate Health Care Benefits for Children and Adolescents); Child Health Supervision Services and Medicaid (Informing State Medicaid Providers about EPSDT, Barriers to Full Participation in EPSDT and Possible Strategies for the Maternal and Child Bureau, Medicaid Managed Care: A Briefing Book on Issues for Children and Adolescents; State Implementation of OBRA \u2789 EPSDT Amendments within Medicaid Managed Care Arrangements)

Fluoride and oral health

The discovery during the first half of the 20th century of the link between natural fluoride, adjusted fluoride levels in drinking water and reduced dental caries prevalence proved to be a stimulus for worldwide on-going research into the role of fluoride in improving oral health. Epidemiological studies of fluoridation programmes have confirmed their safety and their effectiveness in controlling dental caries. Major advances in our knowledge of how fluoride impacts the caries process have led to the development, assessment of effectiveness and promotion of other fluoride vehicles including salt, milk, tablets, toothpaste, gels and varnishes. In 1993, the World Health Organization convened an Expert Committee to provide authoritative information on the role of fluorides in the promotion of oral health throughout the world (WHO TRS 846, 1994). This present publication is a revision of the original 1994 document, again using the expertise of researchers from the extensive fields of knowledge required to successfully implement complex interventions such as the use of fluorides to improve dental and oral health. Financial support for research into the development of these new fluoride strategies has come from many sources including government health departments as well as international and national grant agencies. In addition, the unique role which industry has played in the development, formulation, assessment of effectiveness and promotion of the various fluoride vehicles and strategies is noteworthy. This updated version of ‘Fluoride and Oral Health’ has adopted an evidence-based approach to its commentary on the different fluoride vehicles and strategies and also to its recommendations. In this regard, full account is taken of the many recent systematic reviews published in peer reviewed literature

Death Metal: Characterising the effects of environmental lead pollution on mobility and childhood health within the Roman Empire.

The use of lead was ubiquitous throughout the Roman Empire, including as material for water pipes, eating vessels and as a sweetener for wine. Children are particularly susceptible to the effects of lead and it is likely that the widespread use of this deadly metal amongst Roman populations led to a range of adverse health effects. Indeed, lead poisoning has even been implicated in the downfall of the Roman Empire. This research examines the direct effect of lead poisoning on the inhabitants of the Empire, and for the first time introduces a bioarchaeological perspective to how lead exposure affected health during the Roman period. The results provide strong evidence that Roman lead pollution contributed to the high prevalence of metabolic diseases during childhood and implicates elevated lead burdens in the high prevalence of infant remains in Roman skeletal assemblages. This study has also shown the effectiveness of lead isotope analysis as a tool in archaeological migration studies. The successful establishment of baseline lead isotope ranges in previously unstudied regions of the Roman Empire has greatly enhanced our ability to identify the potential origins of isotopic outliers. Although this study has shown that anthropogenic lead isotope ratios are not country specific, the results have demonstrated that lead isotope ratios can differentiate between populations based on the orogenic age of the region in which an individual spent their childhood. This has improved our understanding of how anthropogenic lead isotope ratios in Roman individuals varies across a continent, and has demonstrated that lead isotope ratios are capable of discriminating between geographical regions of origin when other isotope system are not

Modeling Prehistoric Health in the Middle Cumberland Region of Tennessee: Mississippian Populations on the Threshold of Collapse

This research explores differences in mortality and survivorship resulting from factors associated with the abandonment of the Middle Cumberland Region (MCR) of Tennessee during the Mississippian period (ca. 1000-1500 AD). My dissertation investigates whether individuals from the Late Mississippian period had a greater risk of death than individuals from the Early Mississippian period. Adult age-at-death estimates (n=545) were calculated using Transition Analysis, a Bayesian maximum likelihood method. Gompertz and Gompertz-Makeham hazard models were utilized to reconstruct the mortality profile of the MCR as they model human adult mortality and generate robust parametric mortality profiles. Rather than recount the prevalence of disease conditions, this project uses MCR skeletal data to understand the biological, social, and ecological processes that positioned some individuals in the community with a greater risk of death than others. To this end, biological markers of childhood physiological stress and poor dental health, skeletal evidence of warfare-related trauma, and paleoclimate data were analyzed as health co-variates in a series of Kaplan-Meier survival analyses and log-rank tests. The paleodemographic results suggest that survivorship did not simply decrease with age. Marked differences between the sexes indicate that females had increased mortality compared to males. Survivorship of males decreased sharply from the Early Mississippian to Late Mississippian period, possibly due to elevated rates of conflict. On the whole, mortality was elevated in the Late Mississippian period compared to the Early Mississippian period. Paleoepidemiological results demonstrate that risk of death was not uniform across the MCR during the Mississippian period. While some findings support traditional interpretations that the presence of certain conditions (porotic hyperostosis, carious lesions, skeletal trauma) had a negative impact on survivorship, results for linear enamel hypoplasias, dental abscesses, and antemortem tooth loss offer support for the osteological paradox