Re-Interpreting Melton’s Study of Gallery Density and Visitor Attention

The works of Edward Robinson and Arthur Melton conducted in the 1920s and 1930s are often cited, but rarely read. The focus of this article is on one of Melton’s (1935) classic visitor studies, re-examined in terms of several explanatory mechanisms including a decision-making model of visitor attention. Melton varied the number of paintings in a gallery from 6 to 36 in increments of 6. As the number of paintings increased, the proportion of paintings actually viewed decreased; however, the average viewing time per painting remained constant. Melton’s findings of decreased attention are discussed in terms of four possible explanations: perceptual distraction, selective choice, object satiation, and fatigue. While fatigue, satiation, and distraction have all been frequently discussed in the visitor literature, selective choice has not. The implications of the attention-value model for selective choice is described in light of Melton’s study

Satiety and consumers' perceptions: What opinions do Argentinian and Brazilian people have about yogurt fortified with dairy and legume proteins?

This study (1) evaluated the perceptions of Argentinian and Brazilian consumers regarding yogurt fortified with dairy proteins, legume proteins, or a combination of both, and (2) determined the satiety expectations of these foods as well as the consumers' intentions to taste and purchase protein-fortified yogurt. A total of 298 Argentinian and 100 Brazilian participants completed an online survey for this study. The free word association technique was used to investigate their perceptions about “satiety” as a verbal stimulus and 6 concepts of yogurt as visual/verbal stimuli (yogurt, set yogurt, skim set yogurt, skim set yogurt with a high content of dairy proteins, skim set yogurt with a high content of legume proteins, and skim set yogurt with a mix of dairy and legume proteins). The expected satiation and intentions to taste or purchase were evaluated using categorical scales. Regardless of their cultural background, participants from both countries expressed similar associations with the stimuli presented. Yogurt and set yogurt were associated with consumption occasions, sensory characteristics, liking, and foods, whereas skim yogurt was associated with diet food. Products fortified with proteins were associated with healthy foods, regardless of the protein source, and they yielded the highest rates for expected satiation. Brazilian participants were more likely to taste the food with a combination of proteins; however, participants from both countries were indifferent to purchasing the product. Important characteristics in the design and marketing of these products were pleasant sensations, such as “fullness,” “satisfied,” and snacks to eat “on the go,” and the vegetarian consumers' segment. The combination with fruits or cereals, creaminess, and vanilla flavor should also be considered. The study findings could have implications for the dairy industry when designing yogurt fortified with proteins and communicating the nutritional and wholesome properties of these products.Fil: Curti, Carolina Antonela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química; ArgentinaFil: Lotufo Haddad, Agustina Marcela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química; ArgentinaFil: Vinderola, Celso Gabriel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Lactología Industrial. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química. Instituto de Lactología Industrial; ArgentinaFil: Ramón, Adriana Noemí. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química; ArgentinaFil: Goldner, Maria Cristina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química; ArgentinaFil: Costa Antunes, Adriane Elisabete. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud; Argentin

Consumer Variety-Seeking Among Goods and Services: An Integrative Review

Reflecting the importance of variety-seeking in consumer choice, there has been an explosion of research in the marketing literature on this topic in the past decade. The goal of this paper is to provide an integrative review of the key findings. In particular, a conceptual, integrating framework for understanding the reasons why consumers seek variety is presented. Within this context, the implications of this research for retail and service management are discussed as well as a review of the measurement tools and predictive models of variety-seeking that have been proposed in the last decade

An exploration of the techniques, outputs and outcomes of circulation management at exhibitions

Purpose – To establish how and why exhibition managers manage circulation, this study explores the techniques (specific activities used to influence circulation), outputs (tangible enhancements in the performance of the exhibition resulting from changes in circulation dynamics), and outcomes (benefits of those enhancements to exhibitors, attendees and the exhibition organiser) of circulation management. Design/methodology/approach – In face-to-face interviews, ten exhibition managers were asked how and why they manage attendee circulation, which also involved a card-sorting exercise to elicit tacit circulation management knowledge. Four different experienced exhibitions managers from three continents were asked to validate the findings. Findings – Four types of techniques were identified: magnet, layout, curiosity & playfulness and guiding techniques, with these implemented to achieve five outputs: greater footfall, better exposure to exhibits, enhanced navigation, greater buzz, and managing congestion levels. The results further show that circulation was managed to achieve a variety of organiser-, exhibitor- and attendee-related outcomes. The study uncovered a large range of factors influencing the employment of circulation management techniques. Conflicts in outputs resulting from several techniques are highlighted, requiring the exhibition manager to establish which outputs and resulting outcomes take priority over others. Originality/value – This exploratory study is the first study to propose a circulation management model for the exhibition context, equipping exhibition managers with knowledge to strategically manage attendee circulation

The measurement of curiosity of teacher candidates: a study based on breadth and depth of interest

The aim of this study was to investigate curiosity styles of teacher candidates. A total of 250 teacher candidates –classroom/physical education and sports- volunteered for the study. In the study Turkish version of Erwin’s (1998) two-factor curiosity scale was used as data gathering tool. In the evaluation of data first reliability and normality analyses were made. And M ANOVA was used as hypothesis test at the %95 confidence level. This study showed that classroom teacher candidates' breadth of interest curiosity score was significantly higher in comparison with physical education and sport teacher candidates

Controlled iris radiance in a diurnal fish looking at prey

publishedVersio

Selecting a Unique Competitive Equilibrium with Default Penalties

The enlargement of the general-equilibrium structure to allow default subject to penalties results in a construction of a simple mechanism for selecting a unique competitive equilibrium. We consider economies for which a common credit money can be applied to uniquely select any competitive equilibrium with suitable default penalties. We identify two classes of such economies. One consists of economies with utility functions being homogeneous of degree 1; the other consists of economies with the number of consumers equal to the number of commodities and traders having quasi-linear utility functions with respect to different commodities.Competitive equilibrium, Credit mechanism, Marginal utility of income, Welfare economics