Digital twin control of multi-axis wood CNC machining center based on LinuxCNC

Abstrack: This paper presents an application of an open architecture control system implemented on a multi-axis wood computer numerical control milling machining center, as a digital twin control. The development of the digital twin control system was motivated by research and educational requirements, especially in the field of configuring a new control system by “virtual commissioning”, enabling the validation of the developed controls, program verification, and analysis of the machining process and monitoring. The considered wood computer numerical control (CNC) machining system is supported by an equivalent virtual machine in a computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) environment, as well as in the control system, as a digital twin. The configured virtual machines are used for the verification of the machining program and programming system via machining simulation, which is extremely important in multi-axis machining. Several test wood workpieces were machined to validate the effectiveness of the developed control system based on LinuxCNC

STEP-NC-compliant implementation to support mixed-control technologies applied to stone-processing machines based on industrial automation standards

STEP-NC (Standard for the Exchange of Product Model Data–Numerical Control) for metal milling and turning is not implemented by industrial computer numerical controllers. Solutions reported are prototypes based on post-processing in G-code. Moreover, minority machining processes, such as stone cutting, have not yet been contemplated in the STEP-NC standard. This article takes that sector as a use case. An extended STEP-NC model for circular saw stone-cutting operations is proposed, and a prototype automation implementation is developed to work with this extended model. This article shows how modern technological resources for coordinated axes control provided by many industrial controllers for the automation of general-purpose machines can speed up the processes of implementing STEP-NC numerical controllers. This article proposes a mixed and flexible approach for STEP-NC-based machine automation, where different strategies can coexist when it comes to executing STEP-NC machining files, so controllers do not need to implement the standard in an exhaustive way for all the possible features, but only at selected ones when convenient. This is demonstrated in a prototype implementation which is able to process STEP-NC product files with mixed-feature types: standard milling and non-standard sawblade features for stone processing

Development, production and performance testing of a three axes CNC router

Nowadays there are Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machines with up to 9 axes, which allow the fabrication of high complexity parts in a single machining operation. However, considering the cost and difficulty to operate, such machines are inadequate for most users. Even though there are very affordable options on the market, these are very limited in usable work volume and cutting capabilities. The present work focuses on the development and fabrication of a three axes CNC router that shows a good performance/cost relation. The performance can be translated as a combi-nation of a high volume of work with a good cutting precision and accuracy. The cutting pre-cision and accuracy are verified through a set of experiments designed for that purpose. The results obtained evidence that user with experience in building equipment can, with relative ease, create CNC routers as the one developed in this work. Additionally, a fourth axis was also considered for a future iteration of the machine.Atualmente existem máquinas controladas numericamente por computador (CNC) com até nove eixos, as quais permitem fabricar peças com elevada complexidade com uma única operação de fixação. No entanto, dado o custo e a dificuldade de operação destas máquinas para muitos utilizadores estes equipamentos são desadequados. Por outro lado, existem no mercado máquinas ferramentas a custos acessíveis, mas que tendem a ser muito limitadas quanto ao volume de trabalho e à capacidade de corte. O trabalho desenvolvido centra-se no desenvolvimento e na fabricação de uma fresa-dora CNC de três eixos que apresente uma boa relação desempenho custo. O desempenho traduz-se na conjugação de um grande volume de trabalho com uma boa exatidão de corte. A exatidão do corte verifica-se através de um conjunto de ensaios elaborados com esse propósito. Os resultados obtidos evidenciam que os utilizadores com boa experiência na construção de equipamentos podem, com relativa facilidade, implementar fresadoras como a desenvolvida neste trabalho. Foi também considerada a implementação de um quarto eixo numa próxima versão da fresadora

MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF THE SEQUENCE OF MACHINING SECTIONS OF COMPLEX SURFACES WHEN MILLING ON A TRIAXIAL CNC MACHINE TOOL

The idle running times of the working units of a machine tool are the sum of the idle running times for the tool change and for changing the area uder treatment. The paper presents mathematical models, establishing the relationship between the additional time for performing the technological operations with the parameters of both the technological equipment and the object under treatment. The mathematical models for minimizing the idle moves when a tool passes from one machined section to another, allows to reduce the additional treatment time, which, in turn, leads to an increase in the productivity of the process of actual milling

Fab + Craft: Synthesis of Maker, Machine, Material

Within contemporary architecture a fundamental disjunction exists between design and building facilitated by the use of advanced computational methods, and the relationship between form, material, and maker. The making of buildings demands an expertise that is familiar with the physical and involves a level of skill that many designers cannot claim to fully possess or practice. This doctorate project presents a study of a design-through-making methodology that incorporates craft with the material exploration of sandwich panels, digital technology and fabrication in the process of ‘making’ architecture. A focus is placed on the development of a specific design intent through the manipulation of materials, using skills and techniques guided by the practiced hand. This interaction between technology, material, and the designer-maker referred to as “fab+craft” creates a narrative that allows for the physical translation of ideas into the built environment

Video pembelajaran animasi atas talian bagi teknologi pemesinan

Pembelajaran atas talian merupakan salah satu medium pembelajaran yang perlu diinovasikan dalam kaedah penyampaian maklumat kepada pelajar. Kajian ini melaporkan tentang pembangunan video pembelajaran atas talian bagi kursus Teknologi Pemesinan. bagi meningkatkan minat pelajar Pendidikan Teknik dan Vokasional (PTV) dalam proses P&P. Reka bentuk kajian ini adalah membangunkan produk iaitu pembangunan video pembelajaran berdasarkan model PIE. Metodologi pembangunan objek pembelajaran melibatkan fasa Perancangan, Perlaksanaan dan penilaian. Kajian ini adalah berdasarkan pembangunan produk berdasarkan pengesahan pakar bagi membangunan dan menilai produk. Kajian ini dibangunkan berdasarkan pengesahan pakar bagi menilai pembangunan video. Instrumen penilaian objek pembelajaran ini dibangunkan bagi menilai elemen multimedia yang terdiri dari aspek teks, audio, animasi, grafik dan isi kandungan pengajaran dan pembelajaran. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan persembahan keseluruhan video pembelajaran yang menggunakan website (wix.com) ini adalah sesuai dan menarik untuk P&P bagi kursus Teknologi Pemesinan

Product Focused Freeform Fabrication Education

Presented in this paper is our experience of teaching freeform fabrication to students at the Missouri University of Science and Technology, and to high school students and teachers. The emphasis of the curriculum is exposing students to rapid product development technologies with the goal of creating awareness to emerging career opportunities in CAD/CAM. Starting from solid modeling, principles of freeform fabrication, to applications of rapid prototyping and manufacturing in industry sponsored product development projects, students can learn in-depth freeform fabrication technologies. Interactive course content with hands-on experience for product development is the key towards the success of the program.Mechanical Engineerin