The PPARγ2 P12A polymorphism is not associated with all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

The high mortality risk of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus may well be explained by the several comorbidities and/or complications. Also the intrinsic genetic component predisposing to diabetes might have a role in shaping the risk of diabetes-related mortality. Among type 2 diabetes mellitus SNPs, rs1801282 is of particular interest because (i) it is harbored by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ2 (PPARγ2), which is the target for thiazolidinediones which are used as antidiabetic drugs, decreasing all-cause mortality in type 2 diabetes mellitus, and (ii) it is associated with insulin resistance and related traits, risk factors for overall mortality in type 2 diabetes mellitus. We investigated the role of PPARγ2 P12A, according to a dominant model (PA + AA vs. PP individuals) on incident all-cause mortality in three cohorts of type 2 diabetes mellitus, comprising a total of 1672 patients (462 deaths) and then performed a meta-analysis of ours and all available published data. In the three cohorts pooled and analyzed together, no association between PPARγ2 P12A and all-cause mortality was observed (HR 1.02, 95 % CI 0.79–1.33). Similar results were observed after adjusting for age, sex, smoking habits, and BMI (HR 1.09, 95 % CI 0.83–1.43). In a meta-analysis of ours and all studies previously published (n = 3241 individuals; 666 events), no association was observed between PPARγ2 P12A and all-cause mortality (HR 1.07, 95 % CI 0.85–1.33). Results from our individual samples as well as from our meta-analysis suggest that the PPARγ2 P12A does not significantly affect all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Perbedaan Kadar Asam Urat pada Penderita Hipertensi dengan Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 dan tanpa Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Dr. Sayidiman Magetan

Background: The increasing levels of uric acid plays an important role in the morbidity of patients with hypertension. DM is a common comorbid hypertensive patients. Objective: To know the distinction of uric acid levels in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and without diabetes mellitus type 2 in Dr. Sayidiman Hospitals Magetan. Methods: Researchers conducted an observational analytic research with cross sectional study design. Subjects were hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and without tipe 2 diabetes mellitus in Dr. Sayidiman Hospitals. The sampling technique performed in consecutive sampling. Data were obtained from medical records of patients from January 2012 to June 2015. Statistical analysis used independent T test. Results: This study used 54 sample, consists of 27 patients in the group of hypertension with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 27 patients in the group of hypertensive without type 2 diabetes mellitus. The difference between the mean levels of uric acid in hypertension with type 2 diabetes mellitus group 6.559 ± 2.2560 mg/dl compared with hypertension without type 2 diabetes mellitus group 4.922 ± 1.3051 mg/dl with p = 0.002. Conclusions: There was distinction of uric acid levels in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and without type 2 diabetes mellitus

Mapping the methylation status of the miR-145 promoter in saphenous vein smooth muscle cells from individuals with type 2 diabetes

Type 2 diabetes mellitus prevalence is growing globally, and the leading cause of mortality in these patients is cardiovascular disease. Epigenetic mechanisms such as microRNAs (miRs) and DNA methylation may contribute to complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus. We discovered an aberrant type 2 diabetes mellitus–smooth muscle cell phenotype driven by persistent up-regulation of miR-145. This study aimed to determine whether elevated expression was due to changes in methylation at the miR-145 promoter. Smooth muscle cells were cultured from saphenous veins of 22 non-diabetic and 22 type 2 diabetes mellitus donors. DNA was extracted, bisulphite treated and pyrosequencing used to interrogate methylation at 11 CpG sites within the miR-145 promoter. Inter-patient variation was high irrespective of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Differential methylation trends were apparent between non-diabetic and type 2 diabetes mellitus–smooth muscle cells at most sites but were not statistically significant. Methylation at CpGs −112 and −106 was consistently lower than all other sites explored in non-diabetic and type 2 diabetes mellitus–smooth muscle cells. Finally, miR-145 expression per se was not correlated with methylation levels observed at any site. The persistent up-regulation of miR-145 observed in type 2 diabetes mellitus–smooth muscle cells is not related to methylation at the miR-145 promoter. Crucially, miR-145 methylation is highly variable between patients, serving as a cautionary note for future studies of this region in primary human cell types

KONTEKSTUALISASI PROSES KEPERAWATAN DIABETES MELLITUS TIPE 2 BERBASIS NEEDS ANALYSIS

Although some previous studies have discussed the nursing process for type 2 diabetes mellitus; however, research that specifically discusses adapting the nursing process for type 2 diabetes mellitus through needs analysis has never been studied before. This systematic review aims to review some research publications on nurses' understanding of type 2 diabetes mellitus, the nursing process for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and a needs analysis based type 2 nursing process training model. By using descriptive qualitative research methods, this study uses scientific journal publications in the last ten years as the object of research to describe the condition of nurses' understanding of type 2 diabetes mellitus, the nursing process of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, and nursing training models based on needs analysis. The results of this systematic review revealed that most of the research journal articles focused on revealing the care of patients with diabetes mellitus by doctors, medical therapy for patients with diabetes mellitus, and comorbidities caused by diabetes mellitus. However, research on nursing training to intensify the implementation of the nursing process for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is still very rarely done. By observing this condition, research on the implementation of the nursing process for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus based on analysis is very necessary to improve the quality of health services for patients with diabetes mellitus

Does long-term coffee intake reduce type 2 diabetes mellitus risk?

This review reports the evidence for a relation between long-term coffee intake and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Numerous epidemiological studies have evaluated this association and, at this moment, at least fourteen out of eighteen cohort studies revealed a substantially lower risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus with frequent coffee intake. Moderate coffee intake (≥4 cups of coffee/d of 150 mL or ≥400 mg of caffeine/d) has generally been associated with a decrease in the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Besides, results of most studies suggest a dose-response relation, with greater reductions in type 2 diabetes mellitus risk with higher levels of coffee consumption. Several mechanisms underlying this protective effect, as well as the coffee components responsible for this association are suggested. Despite positive findings, it is still premature to recommend an increase in coffee consumption as a public health strategy to prevent type 2 diabetes mellitus. More population-based surveys are necessary to clarify the long-term effects of decaffeinated and caffeinated coffee intake on the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus

Comparisons of serum miRNA expression profiles in patients with diabetic retinopathy and type 2 diabetes mellitus

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare the expression levels of serum miRNAs in diabetic retinopathy and type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: Serum miRNA expression profiles from diabetic retinopathy cases (type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with diabetic retinopathy) and type 2 diabetes mellitus controls (type 2 diabetes mellitus patients without diabetic retinopathy) were examined by miRNA-specific microarray analysis. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to validate the significantly differentially expressed serum miRNAs from the microarray analysis of 45 diabetic retinopathy cases and 45 age-, sex-, body mass index- and duration-of-diabetes-matched type 2 diabetes mellitus controls. The relative changes in serum miRNA expression levels were analyzed using the 2-ΔΔCt method. RESULTS: A total of 5 diabetic retinopathy cases and 5 type 2 diabetes mellitus controls were included in the miRNA-specific microarray analysis. The serum levels of miR-3939 and miR-1910-3p differed significantly between the two groups in the screening stage; however, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction did not reveal significant differences in miRNA expression for 45 diabetic retinopathy cases and their matched type 2 diabetes mellitus controls. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that miR-3939 and miR-1910-3p may not play important roles in the development of diabetic retinopathy; however, studies with a larger sample size are needed to confirm our findings

Type 2 diabetes mellitus, impaired glucose tolerance and associated comorbidities in children during 2002-2013 in children's clinical university hospital, Latvia

Publisher Copyright: © 2018 De Gruyter Open Ltd. All rights reserved.The world has seen a rise of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children during the last 20 years. It is proposed that this increase is due to unhealthy eating habits, increasing obesity, especially among teenagers, and better diagnostics. The main risks associated with diabetes are microvascular and macrovascular complications, which can lead to early disability and premature death. The aim of our study was to identify children with type 2 diabetes mellitus or impaired glucose tolerance and investigate associated comorbidities at the time of diagnosis in the Children's Clinical University Hospital in Latvia. A retrospective analysis was performed of all children with type 2 diabetes mellitus or glucose tolerance impairment from 2002 till 2013, who were treated in Children's Endocrinology Centre. According to inclusion criteria, 57 patients were selected of whom 24 (42%) had type 2 diabetes mellitus and 33 (58%) had impaired glucose tolerance. Body mass index was analysed according to percentile and all patients were found to have excess weight. In children with type 2 diabetes mellitus, all patients had body mass index over the 99th percentile. Arterial hypertension was found in 66.7% and dyslipidemia in 54.2% type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. From all type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, 71% (n = 17) were girls and they had statistically significantly higher total cholesterol (p = 0.02) and low-density lipoprotein (p = 0.003) levels. Considering, that girls with type 2 diabetes mellitus have high cardiovascular risk in adulthood, it is very important not only to achieve normal glucose levels early, but also to treat comorbidities, to reduce further microvascular and macrovascular complication risk.publishersversionPeer reviewe

Health Belief Model on The Determinants of Self Care among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Promoting self-care and self-management behaviors among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus related have been associated with improved clinical outcomes, fewer complications, enhanced glycaemic control, and quality of life. This study aimed to analyze the determinants of self care among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, using Health Belief Model. Subjects and Method: This was a cross sectional study carried out at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, Central Java, from March to April 2018. A sample of 200 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients was selected by total sampling. The dependent variable was self preventive care. The independent variables were perceived severity, perceived susceptibility, and cues to action. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by a multiple logistic regression. Results: Self preventive care in type 2 diabetes mellitus increased with strong perceived susceptibility (OR= 2.56; 95% CI= 1.11 to 5.91; p= 0.027), strong perceived severity (OR= 6.56; 95% CI= 3.03 to 14.22; p<0.001), and cues to action (OR= 4.38; 95% CI= 1.81 to 10.56; p<0.001). Conclusion: Self preventive care in type 2 diabetes mellitus increases with perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, and cues to action. Keywords: type 2 diabetes mellitus, self preventive care, health belief mode

Plasma Angiotensin II Levels In Women With Type 2 Diabetes With Or Without Hypertension

ABSTRACT Background. Hypertension is a major risk for the development and progressivity complication of macro and microvascular of diabetes mellitus. Renin-angiotensin-aldosteron system (RAAS), insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction and autonomic nervous dysfunction play an important part in the pathogenesis of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In RAAS, increased angiotensin II constricts arterioles, raises total peripheral resistance and blood volume. The rise in intravascular volume increases risk of hypertension. Glucotoxicity or hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus can increases angiotensin II levels.Aim. To evaluate plasma angiotensin II levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus women with or without hypertension.Methods. Cross sectional design was conducted on subjects from outpatients’ women with type 2 diabetes mellitus at endocrinology clinic, Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta. Hypertension was assessed using criteria from Seventh Joint National Committee (2003). ELISA sandwich method was used to measure plasma angiotensin II levels from blood vein. Differences between groups were compared by student’s unpaired t-test and Mann-Whitney test.Results. Among 60 subjects, there are 30 with hypertension (50%) and 30 without hypertension (50%). Mean age were 54.11 ± 3.36 years old. Plasma angiotensin II levels was higher in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus with hypertension than without hypertension although significance was not reached (0.30 ± 0.15 ng/mL vs. 0.28 ± 0.18 ng/mL, p= 0.93).Conclusion. The plasma angiotensin II levels are not significantly different between type 2 diabetes mellitus women with or without hypertension. Key words: hypertension, plasma angiotensin II, type 2 diabetes mellitus, wome