Two sliding mode control approaches for the stator voltage amplitude regulation of a stand-alone WRSM

In this paper two sliding mode control alternatives to regulate the stator voltage amplitude for a stand alone wound rotor synchronous generator are presented. Both controllers use the stator voltage d-component error in the sliding surface. In a first case an outer PI loop controller is added to provide the proper d-voltage component reference. The second approach consists in extending the dynamic system to include the integral term as state variable and to modify the former sliding surface by adding this new state. Finally, simulations results are done in order to validate the proposed algorithms.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Sliding mode control of the stand alone wound rotor synchronous generator

En esta Tesis ha sido analizado el control de la màquina sincrónica de rotor bobinado actuando en isla. Para esta configuración, la velocidad mecànica determina la frecuencia, y la tensión de rotor se utiliza para fijar la amplitud de la tensión de estator. Debido a que la constante de tiempo eléctrica es mucho más ràpida comparada con la constante de tiempo mecánica, la velocidad mecánica fue considerada constante y externamente regulada y la investigación se enfocó en la regulación de la amplitud de la tensión de estator.Cuatro diferentes controladores basados en técnicas de modos deslizantes fueron diseñados en el marco de referencia dq. Las leyes de control obtenidas regulan la amplitud de la tensión de estator independientemte del valor de la carga. Adicionalmente, sólo las medidas de tensión y posición del rotor (para calcular la transformada dq) son necesarias. La estabilidad de los puntos de equilibrio obtenidos fueron probados al menos utilizando anàlisis de pequeña señal.Se realizó la validación por simulación y experimental de cada controlador en diferentes escenarios. Los resultados obtenidos validan los diseños y muestran las principales ventajas y desventajas de el sistema en lazo cerrado.El capítulo 2 cubre los problemas de modelado de la màquina sincrónica de rotor bobinado. Partiendo de las ecuaciones trifásicas generales, y utilizando la transformada de Park, se encontraron el modelo en dq del generador sincrónico de rotor bobinado (WRSG) en isla, alimentando tanto carga resistiva como inductiva. Los puntos de equilibrio del sistema obtenido fueron analizados y calculados, luego se definió el objetivo de control. Finalmente, se obtuvieron modelos lineales aproximados y sus respectivas funciones de transferencia.Los controladores PI son los más usados en la industria porque ofrecen buen desempeño y son sencillos de implementar. En el capítulo 3, se obtuvieron las reglas de sintonización para el controlador PI, y se analizaron estos resultados con el objetivo de proponer nuevos controladores que mejoraran el desempeño de la clásica aproximación PI.El esquema de control en modos deslizantes para la WRSG conectada a una carga resistiva fue diseñado en el capítulo 4. Éste, también incluye un completo análisis de estabilidad del sistema en lazo cerrado. El capítulo 5 presenta dos diseños basados en modos deslizantes para regular la amplitud de la tensión de estator para el WRSG actuando en isla. Ambos diseños usan la componente d de la tensión de estator en la función de conmutación. El primer caso es un control anidado, donde un lazo externo PI es añadido para proveer la referencia de la componente d de la tensión. En la segunda aproximación un término integral es añadido a la superficie de conmutación.El caso de alimentar una carga inductiva es estudiado en el capítulo 6. El controlador requiere una extensión dinámica debido a que la amplitud de la tensión de estator es una salida de grado relativo cero. Como resultado, un controlador robusto, que no depende de los parámetros de la máquina ni de los valores de carga es obtenido. En el capítulo 7 los resultados de simulación y experimentales para los controladores diseñados para el WRSG actuando en isla son presentados. En primer lugar, una descripción completa del banco es presentada. Esta incluye detalles de la etapa de adquisición de datos y de la DSP utilizada. En segundo lugar, se hace la descripción del procedimiento de simulación. Luego, las simulaciones y experimentos, que contienen diferentes escenarios, con cambios de referencia y variaciones de carga para cada controlador son presentados.The control of the stand-alone the wound rotor synchronous generator has been analyzed in this dissertation. For this islanded configuration, the mechanical speed determines the frequency, and the rotor voltage is used to set the stator voltage amplitude. Due to the electrical time constant is so fast compared with the mechanical time constants, the mechanical speed was considered constant and externally regulated and the research was focused on the stator voltage amplitude regulation.Four different controllers based on sliding mode control techniques were designed in the dq reference frame. The obtained control laws regulate the stator voltage amplitude irrespectively of the load value. Furthermore, only voltage and rotor position measures (to compute the dq transformation), are required. The stability of the obtained equilibrium points was proved at least using small-signal analysis. Simulation and experimental validation of each controller containing several scenarios were carried out. The obtained results validate the designs and show the main advantages and disadvantages of each closed loop system. Chapter 2 covers the modeling issues of the wound rotor synchronous machine. From the general three-phase dynamical equations, and using the Park transformation, the dq-model of the stand-alone wound rotor synchronous generator feeding both a resistive and an inductive load are obtained. Equilibrium points of the obtained systems are analyzed and, after defining the control objective, the desired equilibrium points are computed.Finally, linear approximated models are obtained and their transfer functions are also presented.PI controllers are the most used in the industry because they offers good performance and are easily implementables. In Chapter 3 we obtain the tuning rule for the PI controller, and we analyze these results in order to propose new controllers which improve the classic PI approach.The sliding mode control scheme for the WRSG connected to a resistive load is designed in Chapter 4. It also includes a complete stability analysis of the closed loop system. Chapter 5 presents two sliding mode designs to regulate the stator voltage amplitude for a stand-alone wound rotor synchronous generator. Both use the stator voltage d-component error in the switching function. The first case is a nested controller, where an outer PI loop is added to provide the proper d-voltage component reference. In the second approach an integral term is added to the switching function. The case of feeding an inductive load is studied in Chapter 6. The controller introduces a dynamic extension because the stator voltage amplitude is a zero relative degree output. As result, a robust controller, which neither depends on the machine parameters nor on the load values, is obtained. In Chapter 7 the simulation and the experimental results of the designed controllers for the stand-alone wound rotor synchronous generator are presented. Firstly, a complete description of the bench is provided. It also includes details of the data acquisition stage and the used DSP card. Secondly, the description of the simulation procedure is commented. Then, the simulation and experiments which contains several scenarios, with reference change and load variations evaluated for each controller are presented

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This volume contains the full papers accepted for presentation at the ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Multibody Dynamics 2015 held in the Barcelona School of Industrial Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, on June 29 - July 2, 2015. The ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Multibody Dynamics is an international meeting held once every two years in a European country. Continuing the very successful series of past conferences that have been organized in Lisbon (2003), Madrid (2005), Milan (2007), Warsaw (2009), Brussels (2011) and Zagreb (2013); this edition will once again serve as a meeting point for the international researchers, scientists and experts from academia, research laboratories and industry working in the area of multibody dynamics. Applications are related to many fields of contemporary engineering, such as vehicle and railway systems, aeronautical and space vehicles, robotic manipulators, mechatronic and autonomous systems, smart structures, biomechanical systems and nanotechnologies. The topics of the conference include, but are not restricted to: ● Formulations and Numerical Methods ● Efficient Methods and Real-Time Applications ● Flexible Multibody Dynamics ● Contact Dynamics and Constraints ● Multiphysics and Coupled Problems ● Control and Optimization ● Software Development and Computer Technology ● Aerospace and Maritime Applications ● Biomechanics ● Railroad Vehicle Dynamics ● Road Vehicle Dynamics ● Robotics ● Benchmark ProblemsPostprint (published version