Spectrophotometric analysis of thrombolytic activity: SATA assay

Introduction: Measurement of thrombolytic activity i.e. clot lysis is crucial for research and development of novel thrombolytics. It is also a key factor in assessment of the effectiveness of conventionally used thrombolytic agents in the clinic, which are the choice effective therapies for myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke. Previous methods used for the assessment of thrombolytic activity are often associated with some drawbacks such as being costly, time-consuming, complication and low accuracy. Here, we introduce a simple, economic, relatively accurate and fast method of spectrophotometric analysis of thrombolytic activity (SATA) assay, standardized by tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), which can quantitatively measure in vitro thrombolytic activity. Methods: Blood clots were formed, uniformly, by mixing citrated whole blood with partial thromboplastin time (PTT) reagent, together with calcium chloride. Then, designated concentrations of tPA were added to the samples, and the released red blood cells from each clot were quantified using spectrophotometry (λmax= 405 nm) as an indicator of thrombolytic activity. The accuracy of the method was tested by assessment of dose-responsibility against R2 value obtained by linear equation and measurement of limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ). The SATA assay was validated in comparison with some currently used techniques. Results: A linear relationship was obtained between different concentrations of tPA versus the spectrophotometric absorbance of the related dilutions of lysed clots, at λmax = 405 nm. Calculated R2 values were greater than 0.9; with LOD of 0.90 μg/mL of tPA (436.50IU) and LOQ of 2.99 μg/mL of tPA (1450.15IU). Conclusions: Conclusively, the SATA assay is a very simple quantitative method with repeatable and reproducible results for estimating the potency of an unknown thrombolytic agent, and calculating the activity as delicate as 1 μg/mL of tPA (485 IU/mL of thrombolytic dose). © 2018 The Author(s)

PELAKSANAAN PELAYANAN PUBLIK DI ERA PANDEMI COVID – 19 BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 25 TAHUN 2009

Setiap warga negara berhak untuk mendapatkan persamaan perlakuan yang adil, baik dalam hukum maupun pemerintahan. Pemerintah bertindak demi kepentingan rakyat untuk mencapai tujuan organisasi negara antara lain kesejahteraan, pertahanan, keamanan, ketertiban, keadilan dan kesehatan.Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 25 Tahun 2009 tentang Pelayanan Publik bahwa penyelenggaraan pelayanan publik harus berasaskan Kepastian hukum dan adanya ketepatan waktu. Artinya pelaksanaan pelayanan publik harus diselesaikan dalam jangka waktu yang telah ditentukan oleh unit penyelenggara pelayanan. Sejak diumumkan kasus positif Virus Covid-19 di Indonesia pada bulan Maret 2020 lalu, pemerintah mulai membatasi hubungan sosial (social distancing) guna mencegah penularan Virus Covid-19 tersebut, tidak terkecuali di bidang pelayanan publik. Kebijakan yang diambil dalam pelayanan publik dengan cara pelayanan secara online, menerapkan Work From Home (WFH) bagi petugas pelayanan, membatasi jumlah pemohon, melakukan social distancing dan physical distancing serta menerapkan protokol kesehatan (memakai maasker, mencuci tangan dan menjaga jarak). Dengan demikian diharapkan masyarakat tetap mendapatkan pelayanan publik sesuai standar yang berlaku akan tetapi tidak menyebabkan penularan virus covid-19 terhadap manusia lainnya

Comparative studies of the preparation of immunoliposomes with the use of two bifunctional coupling agents and investigation of in vitro immunoliposome-target cell binding by cytofluorometry and electron microscopy

The two coupling agents SPDP (N-succinimidyl-3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionate) and SATA (N-succinimidyl-S-acetylthioacetate) were compared in their efficiency and feasibility to couple monoclonal antibodies (Abs) via thioether linkage to liposomes functionalized by various lipophilic maleimide compounds like Full-size image methyl ester (MP-PL), N-(3-maleimidopropionyl)phosphatidylethanolamide (MP-PE), Full-size image methyl ester (EMC-PL), and N-(6-maleimidocaproyl)phosphatidylethanolamine (EMC-PE). The composition of the liposomes was soy phosphatidylcholine (SPC), cholesterol, maleimide compounds and -tocopherol (1:0.2:0.02:0.01, mol parts), plus N4-oleylcytosine arabinoside (NOAC) as cytostatic prodrug (0.2 mol parts) and a new, lipophilic and highly fluorescent dye N,N′-bis(1-hexylheptyl)-3,4:9,10-perylenebis(dicarboximide) (BHPD, 0.006 mol parts). From the maleimide derivatives MP-PL was the most effective in terms of preservation of the coupling activity in dependence of liposome storage. The coupling of the monoclonal A B8-24.3 (mouse IgG2b, MHC class I, anti H-2kb) and IB16-6 (rat IgG2a, anti B16 mouse melanoma) to the drug carrying liposomes was more effective and easier to accomplish with SATA as compared to SPDP. Coupling rates of 60–65% were obtained with SATA at molar ratios of 12 SATA:1 Ab:40 maleimide spacer groups on the surface of one liposome. The highest coupling rates with SPDP were obtained at the ratio of 24 SPDP:1 Ab:40 liposomal maleimide groups, with an Ab binding efficiency of only 20–25%. The optimal in vitro binding conditions to specific target cells (EL4 for B8-24.3-liposomes and B16-F10 for IB16-6-liposomes) were determined by cytofluorometric measurement of the liposomal BHPD fluorescence with SATA linked Abs. Optimal immunoliposome binding to specific epitopes on the target cells was achieved with 1–2 Ab molecules coupled to one liposome, with immunoliposome concentrations of 20–130 nM and with a small incubation volume of 0.3–0.4 ml. The specificity of the binding of B8-24.3-liposomes to EL4 target cells was visualized by scanning electron microscopy. Antibody mediated endocytic uptake of immunoliposomes could be demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy

Citizenship and identity: being Hungarian in Slovakia and Romanian in Serbia and Ukraine

No abstract available

Intensified Impacts of Central Pacific ENSO on the Reversal of December and January Surface Air Temperature Anomaly over China since 1997

The reversal of surface air temperature anomalies (SATA) in winter brings a great challenge for short-term climate prediction, and the mechanisms are not well understood. This study found that the reversal of SATA between December and January over China could be demonstrated by the second leading mode of multivariate empirical orthogonal function analysis on the December–January SATA. It further reveals that the central Pacific El Niño–Southern Oscillation (CP ENSO) has contributed more influence on such a reversal of SATA since 1997. CP ENSO shows positive but weak correlations with SATA over China in both December and January during the pre-1996 period, whereas it shows significant negative and positive correlations with the SATA in December and January, respectively, during the post-1997 period. The CP ENSO–related circulations suggest that the change of the Siberian high has played an essential role in the reversal of SATA since 1997. The pattern of sea surface temperature anomalies associated with the CP ENSO leads to a westward-replaced Walker circulation that alters the local meridional circulation and, further, has impacted the Siberian high and SATA over China since 1997. Moreover, the seasonal northward march of the convergence zone from December to January causes a northward-replaced west branch of the Walker circulation in January compared with that in December. The west branch of the Walker circulation in December and January directly modulates local Hadley and Ferrel circulations and then causes contrasting Siberian high anomalies by inducing opposite vertical motion anomalies over Siberia. The reversal of SATA between December and January, therefore, has been more frequently observed over China since 1997. The abovementioned mechanisms are validated by the analysis at pentad time scales and confirmed by numerical simulations.publishedVersio

Sata vuotta suomalaista metsätieteen julkaisemista

Puheenvuor

The Utility of SATA Satellite DNA Sequences for Inferring Phylogenetic Relationships an1ong the Three Major Genera of Tilapiine Cichlid Fishes

The SATA satellite DNA family of sequences, composed of three size variants of approximately 237, 230, and 209 bp, is conserved in the genomes of tilapiine and haplochromine cichlid fishes. In the present study we examined the utility of the SATA sequences for inferring phylogenetic relationships among the three major genera of tilapiine fishes, Oreochromis, Sarotherodon, and Tilapia. Hybridization of the monomer SATA repeat to genomic DNA of representative cichlid species established conservation of the sequence in the African tilapiine and haplochromine lineages and its absence from other cichlid lineages. Bootstrapped DNA parsimony and neighbor-joining analyses of derived consensus sequences revealed two distinct clades, one containing the mouthbrooding genera Oreochromis and Sarotherodon, and the other containing the substrate spawning genus Tilapia. These results are consistent with recent independent studies using mitochondrial DNA and establish the utility of the SATA satellite DNA family for phylogenetic reconstruction. Concerted evolution of the SATA sequences was also demonstrated within the tilapiine tribe

TATA CARA PEMUNGUTAN PAJAK AIR BAWAH TANAH PADA DINAS PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN DAN KEKAYAAN DAERAH KAB. ACEH BESAR

RINGKASANPenulis melaksanakan kerja praktek di Dinas Pengelolaan Keuangan dan Kekayaan Daerah selama 44 hari kerja terhitung sejak tanggal 02 Februari sampai dengan 02 April 2015. Kerja praktek yang penulis laksanakan selama 44 hari tersebut dalam rangka persyaratan dalam pembuatan Laporan Kerja Praktek sebagai tugas akhir dari program studi Diploma III Perpajakan Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Syiah Kuala.Tujuan penulisan LKP ini untuk mengetahui tata cara pemungutan pajak air bawah tanah pada Dinas Pengelolaan Keuangan dan Kekayaan Daerah Kabupaten Aceh Besar, serta untuk mengetahui kesesuaian tata cara pemungutan pajak air bawah tanah pada Dinas Pengelolaan Keuangan dan Kekayaan Daerah Kabupaten Aceh Besar dengan Qanun Nomor 4 Tahun 2011 Tentang Pajak Air Bawah Tanah. Dalam melakukan penulisan ini dengan cara melihat dokumen-dokumen yang terkait dengan tata cara pemungutan pajak air bawah tanah dan wawancara yang dilakukan dengan berbagai pihak yang dapat memberi informasi terkait penulisan ini.Berdasarkan hasil kerja praktek maka penulis akan mengemukakan kesimpulan bahwa tata cara pemungutan pajak air bawah tanah telah sesuai dengan ketentuan perpajakan yaitu Qanun Nomor 4 Tahun 2011 Tentang Pajak Air Bawah Tanah