Implementation of RTOS to the WSN node

Bezdrátové senzorické sieťe zväčša používajú `event-driven` operačné systémy. Táto práca diskutuje výhody nevýhody použitia RTOS v bezdrátových senzorických sieťach. Najvhodnejší RTOS je vybratý a sú podniknuté všetky kroky aby bolo možne demonštrovať schopnosť mikrokontrolérov Gecko od EnergyMicro prevádzkovať tento RTOS s nízkou spotrebou energie a demonštrovať jednoduchú bezdrátovú komunikáciu s Atmel AT86RF212 rádiami.Wireless sensors networks mostly use event-driven OSes. This works discusses pros and cons of using RTOS in wirless sensors networks. A most appropriate RTOS is chosen and all necessary steps are undergone to demonstrate EnergyMicro Gecko MCU's ability to run the RTOS with low energy consumption and demonstrate wireless simple communication with Atmel AT86RF212 radios.

A Hardware Time Manager Implementation for the Xenomai Real-Time Kernel of Embedded Linux

Nowadays, the use of embedded operating systems in different embedded projects is subject to a tremendous growth. Embedded Linux is becoming one of those most popular EOSs due to its modularity, efficiency, reliability, and cost. One way to make it hard real-time is to include a real-time kernel like Xenomai. One of the key characteristics of a Real-Time Operating System (RTOS) is its ability to meet execution time deadlines deterministically. So, the more precise and flexible the time management can be, the better it can handle efficiently the determinism for different embedded applications. RTOS time precision is characterized by a specific periodic interrupt service controlled by a software time manager. The smaller the period of the interrupt, the better the precision of the RTOS, the more it overloads the CPU, and though reduces the overall efficiency of the RTOS. In this paper, we propose to drastically reduce these overheads by migrating the time management service of Xenomai into a configurable hardware component to relieve the CPU. The hardware component is implemented in a Field Programmable Gate Array coupled to the CPU. This work was achieved in a Master degree project where students could apprehend many fields of embedded systems: RTOS programming, hardware design, performance evaluation, etc.Comment: Embed With Linux (EWiLi) workshop, Lorient : France (2012

Research and technology organisations and smart specialisation

Research and Technology Organisations (RTOs) have developed in many European countries at both national and regional levels to assist in the support of local industry, often around specific industrial technologies or sectors. With a core responsibility for technological upgrading they play a key role in regional and national innovation systems. Yet there is great variety in the form and mission of such RTOs, especially in terms of the degree of regional alignment, and whilst some regions are relatively well endowed with multiple RTOs, others are reliant on national RTOs in other regions or even other countries. These geographical challenges are also compounded by changes in the funding of RTOs with a shift to greater reliance on non-government funding and the search for funds from international sources such as global firms or Horizon 2020 projects. So whilst regions may see RTOs as critical regional assets, the RTOs may have a more nuanced attitude as their client base extends beyond national boundaries and they search for new sources of revenue. RTOs have an important role to play in smart specialisation (S3) though and three specific roles have been identified here. First, many RTOs have a policy role and have capabilities to identify industry needs and technological opportunities as a key input into the entrepreneurial discovery process. Second, RTOs, as increasingly international organisations, can facilitate the access to global knowledge for regional firms through their networks and research collaborations. Third RTOs often have a central role in the development of particular cluster groupings through their specialisation around core technologies, and as such can be a central player in the development of such clusters. But all three of these roles involve potential challenges and difficulties as the interests of the RTOs do not necessarily align with the needs of the region. The case studies in this report on RTOs in Spain, Finland, Italy, and the UK illustrate the variety of RTOs and the complexities of their relationships with regional hosts, but also some of the initiatives that are developing to support smart specialisation

Development of Real Time Operating Systen for PIC18F Microcontrollers for Educational Purposes

Real Time Operating System (RTOS) is a small operating system designed to manage the peripherals of Microcontrollers and exhibit a low level layer to enhance the parallel execution of multiple programs. In addition to that, RTOSes are most of concern about guarantee the processing at real time. This project aims to implement and develop RTOS on PIC18Fxxx family. This RTOS is to be developed under MPLAB IDE integrated development environment. The kernel of this RTOS is written in Assembly language while the users may use both assembly and C to develop their applications. A previous RTOS project called PICos18 developed by Pragamtec inc. is being considered. The selection of this system is due to its free license and the availability of its documentations. PICos18 is based on OSEK/VDX (German/French industrial standards for operating systems). The main contribution in this project is first, by developing RTOS to review and demonstrate the concept of RTOS and secondly, by developing drivers and application compatible with the developed RTOS and finally presenting the developed RTOS in educational form for future use as a teaching tool in microcontroller-based courses

Audio application based on FreeRTOS operating system

This current report describes in detail how the Quartet code for a Microchip PIC18 microcontroller, developed by Pere Domenech in his Final Degree Project, has been migrated to a Microchip PIC24 microcontroller. The original Real Time Operating System has also been migrated from OSA RTOS to FreeRTOS. The RTOS modification will allow future upgrades without the need to change the RTOS. The Quartet software is an audio synthesizer which uses a low-pass filtered PWM output to create a mono audio signal. The original code has 3 different instruments and 4 voices: Bass, Violin, Guitar 1 and Guitar 2. Each instrument has its own sound, specific waveform and envelope. Each voice has its own score. The 4 voices are mixed during the synthesis and played through a single PWM microcontroller output. This report explains step by step the software migration process: Operating System migration, Compiler migration and Microcontroller Instructions migration. The process is explained in detail. Therefore, it is highly recommended to read it while studying the final PIC24 Quartet code. At the end of the report, the hardware validation and experimental modifications are explained. Finally, some future improvements, limitations and suggestions are commented. This project is a continuation of the Quartet code for microcontrollers but it is clear that more improvements and modifications will be done in the future

Performance analysis of real-time and general-purpose operating systems for path planning of the multi-robot systems

In general, modern operating systems can be divided into two essential parts, real-time operating systems (RTOS) and general-purpose operating systems (GPOS). The main difference between GPOS and RTOS is the system istime-critical or not. It means that; in GPOS, a high-priority thread cannot preempt a kernel call. But, in RTOS, a low-priority task is preempted by a high-priority task if necessary, even if it’s executing a kernel call. Most Linux distributions can be used as both GPOS and RTOS with kernel modifications. In this study, two Linux distributions, Ubuntu and Pardus, were analyzed and their performances were compared both as GPOS and RTOS for path planning of the multi-robot systems. Robot groups with different numbers of members were used to perform the path tracking tasks using both Ubuntu and Pardus as GPOS and RTOS. In this way, both the performance of two different Linux distributions in robotic applications were observed and compared in two forms, GPOS, and RTOS

Real-Time Operating System/360

RTOS has a cost savings advantage for real-time applications, such as those with random inputs requiring a flexible data routing facility, display systems simplified by a device independent interface language, and complex applications needing added storage protection and data queuing

A comprehensive approach in performance evaluation for modernreal-time operating systems

In real-time computing the accurate characterization of the performance and determinism that a particular real-time operating system/hardware combination can provide for real-time applications is essential. This issue is not properly addressed by existing performance metrics mainly due to the lack of completeness and generalization. In this paper we present a set of comprehensive, easy-to-implement and useful metrics covering three basic real-time operating system features: response to external events, intertask synchronization and resource sharing, and intertask data transferring. The evaluation of real-time operating systems using a set of fine-grained metrics is fundamental to guarantee that we can reach the required determinism in real-world applications.Publicad

uRT51: An Embedded Real-Time processor implemented on FPGA devices

In this paper we describe and evaluate the main features of the uRT51 processor. The uRT51 processor was designed for embedded realtime control applications. It is a processor architecture that incorporates the specific functions of a real-time system in hardware. It was described using synthesizable VHDL and it was implemented on FPGA devices. We describe how the uRT51 processor supports time, events, task and priorities. The performance of the uRT51 processor is evaluated using a control application as a case study. The experiments show that the uRT51 processor scheduling features outperform the ones obtained using a traditional RTOS-based real-time system.Fil: Cayssials, Ricardo Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica y de Computadoras; ArgentinaFil: Duval, M,. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica y de Computadoras; ArgentinaFil: Ferro, Edgardo Carlos. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica y de Computadoras; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca; ArgentinaFil: Alimenti, O.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica y de Computadoras; Argentin