触覚フィードバックを用いた体性感覚の操作

人間が自らの肉体に対して持つ興味は大きい．多くの人間は体力的・知能的・美的な面で他の人間よりも優れた肉体を欲すると考えられ，また様々な特殊な体を持つ空想上のキャラクターに憧れ人間とは異なる構造の身体に興味を持つ物も多いであろう．だが身体機能の向上のためには通常長期間の継続した訓練を必要とし，人間とは異なる身体への変身は不可能であるといえる．科学技術の発展に伴い肉体形状および運動機能への物理的な介入方法が広まりつつあるが，未だに身体的リスクと金銭的コストが高く，複雑な装置を必要とするため誰もが気軽に利用できるものではない．このような背景から本研究では，人間の肉体そのものに介入するのではなく，肉体が生成する感覚である体性感覚を肉体外部から操作することで肉体の主観的特性を操作することを目標とする．主に身体表面の感覚を刺激するアクチュエータとして広く使われているボイスコイル型振動子は，様々な触感の呈示を簡便なセットアップで実現できる．したがってこれを身体運動に同期させて駆動する振動フィードバックシステムを開発し，運動に伴って発生する身体内部の感覚を操作することを試みる．体性感覚の操作に関する本研究は2 つの戦略によって構成される．一つは体性感覚の「増強」である．これは自己身体運動を把握する能力を高め，より鮮明に，あるいは詳細に運動状態を知覚させる量的な操作である．一方で，もう一つの戦略は体性感覚の質的な操作である「変調」である．これは身体自体の硬さや重さといった特性を変化させることであり，結果として身体を構成する材質・構造を主観的に変調することになる．これら2 つの戦略に沿った具体的な手法を，体性感覚の増強に関して2 件，変調に関しても2件設計した．体性感覚の増強に関しては，第一にロータリスイッチの回転に伴うカチカチとした触覚・力覚フィードバック「カチカチ感」に着目した．これを肘関節に付与して運動時の体性感覚を鮮明化し，腕立て伏せ姿勢の教示を試みた（第3 章）．第二に，自動車運転におけるアクセルペダルの操作を補助するため，ペダルの角度が一定値変化する度に瞬間的なクリック振動を呈示することで，ペダル角度の把握能力向上および操作性向上を試みた（第4 章）．体性感覚の変調に関しては，第一に様々な材質の衝突振動を再現する減衰正弦波モデルに着目し，これを身体運動に同期させて呈示することで身体材質感の変調を試みた（第5 章）．これによりロボットやゴム人間といった特殊なキャラクターの体性感覚の再現を目指した．第二に，ロボットキャラクターのみに着目し，実際のロボットに生じる振動加速度を記録・モデリング・再生する手法によりロボットの内部構造に起因する体性感覚まで再現することを試みた（第6 章）．またロボット感体験の総合的なリアリティ向上のため高品質な視覚・聴覚刺激を組み合わせたバーチャルリアリティゲームを開発した．また体性感覚の操作をより広範囲で行うため，既存の触覚ディスプレイの問題点を考察し，身体広範囲に均等な触覚刺激を呈示する触覚ディスプレイを開発した（第7 章）．最後に本研究全体のまとめと結論を述べ，今後の展望を示す（第8 章）．電気通信大学201

Move, hold and touch: A framework for Tangible gesture interactive systems

© 2015 by the authors. Technology is spreading in our everyday world, and digital interaction beyond the screen, with real objects, allows taking advantage of our natural manipulative and communicative skills. Tangible gesture interaction takes advantage of these skills by bridging two popular domains in Human-Computer Interaction, tangible interaction and gestural interaction. In this paper, we present the Tangible Gesture Interaction Framework (TGIF) for classifying and guiding works in this field. We propose a classification of gestures according to three relationships with objects: move, hold and touch. Following this classification, we analyzed previous work in the literature to obtain guidelines and common practices for designing and building new tangible gesture interactive systems. We describe four interactive systems as application examples of the TGIF guidelines and we discuss the descriptive, evaluative and generative power of TGIF

Lightweight Middleware for Software Defined Radio (SDR) Inter-Components Communication

The ability to use Software Defined Radio (SDR) in the civilian mobile applications will make it possible for the next generation of mobile devices to handle multi-standard personal wireless devices and ubiquitous wireless devices. The original military standard created many beneficial characteristics for SDR, but resulted in a number of disadvantages as well. Many challenges in commercializing SDR are still the subject of interest in the software radio research community. Four main issues that have been already addressed are performance, size, weight, and power. This investigation presents an in-depth study of SDR inter-components communications in terms of total link delay related to the number of components and packet sizes in systems based on Software Communication Architecture (SCA). The study is based on the investigation of the controlled environment platform. Results suggest that the total link delay does not linearly increase with the number of components and the packet sizes. The closed form expression of the delay was modeled using a logistic function in terms of the number of components and packet sizes. The model performed well when the number of components was large. Based upon the mobility applications, energy consumption has become one of the most crucial limitations. SDR will not only provide flexibility of multi-protocol support, but this desirable feature will also bring a choice of mobile protocols. Having such a variety of choices available creates a problem in the selection of the most appropriate protocol to transmit. An investigation in a real-time algorithm to optimize energy efficiency was also performed. Communication energy models were used including switching estimation to develop a waveform selection algorithm. Simulations were performed to validate the concept

Augmented Reality

Augmented Reality (AR) is a natural development from virtual reality (VR), which was developed several decades earlier. AR complements VR in many ways. Due to the advantages of the user being able to see both the real and virtual objects simultaneously, AR is far more intuitive, but it's not completely detached from human factors and other restrictions. AR doesn't consume as much time and effort in the applications because it's not required to construct the entire virtual scene and the environment. In this book, several new and emerging application areas of AR are presented and divided into three sections. The first section contains applications in outdoor and mobile AR, such as construction, restoration, security and surveillance. The second section deals with AR in medical, biological, and human bodies. The third and final section contains a number of new and useful applications in daily living and learning

Arguably augmented reality : relationships between the virtual and the real

This thesis is about augmented reality (AR). AR is commonly considered a technology that integrates virtual images into a user’s view of the real world. Yet, this thesis is not about such technologies. We believe a technology-based notion of AR is incomplete. In this thesis, we challenge the technology-oriented view, provide new perspectives on AR and propose a different understanding. We argue that AR is characterized by the relationships between the virtual and the real and approach AR from a fundamental, experience-focused view. By doing so, we create an unusually broad and diverse image of what AR is, or arguably could be. We discuss the fundamental characteristics of AR and the many possible manifestations it can take and propose new, imaginative AR environments that have no counterpart in a purely physical world. Computer Systems, Imagery and Medi

Our house there is ugly still we happy : An ethnographic study with women navigating displacement and resettlement.

In academic and public discourse, narratives surrounding refugee camps and the conditions within them typically depict experiences of sorrow and hardship. And, although the stories of struggle are certainly a part of the refugee experience, they are not the only part. This dissertation is a critical ethnographic study with a participatory research lens that focuses on the life experiences and storytelling practices of women in a resettled Sudanese family. It investigates the action of storytelling within displaced groups, the link between stories and community, and the importance of materiality and relationships in storytelling. This dissertation finds that storytelling can be used as a strategy to create community, understand loss, and make sense of identity and relationships throughout the process of displacement and resettlement. In addition, this research offers a counter-story — rooted in community and freedom — to the academic and public perception of refugee camps. Due to the myriad protracted conflicts and climate disasters worldwide, which show no sign of abating, it is increasingly obvious that refugee camps — largely designed as temporary — are becoming much more permanent (Betts & Collier, 2017). Despite the fact that there are now entire generations growing up in camps, there are few studies that examine perceptions of refugee camps in the residents’ own words, and even fewer focusing on recollections of camps in resettlement; in particular, the memories of those who grew up in a refugee camp and view it as home. This dissertation aims to remedy that gap. It is theoretically grounded in postcolonial theory and critical pedagogy as a form of academic resistance to the essentializing discourse that often surrounds those that have been displaced. In the same vein, certain sections of this work are written in a narrative style for the dual purposes of highlighting the voice of the collaborators and increasing the accessibility of this research. Within this project, I committed to examining and deconstructing power, hegemony and bias throughout data collection and analysis, as well as within my own researcher positionality. This dissertation, which took place over the course of thirty-one months, illustrates the significance and effects of deep, personal relationships between researchers and collaborators in ethnographic research. Lastly, this research offers — and demonstrates the necessity of — a more nuanced story of refugee camps, displacement, resettlement, and refugees themselves

Europe's bottleneck: the Iberian Peninsula and the Jewish refugee crisis, 1933-1944

This thesis offers a transnational history of the Jewish refugee crisis in South-Western Europe, and assesses the role of the Iberian Peninsula in the Holocaust. It does so by looking at Vichy France, Franco’s Spain, and Salazar’s Portugal. It explores the possibilities of rescue, and the offer of relief. It accounts for the persecution of Jews in Spain and Portugal. And it examines the role of the Western Allies in offering relief and promoting the rescue of Jews in the region. Crucially, this thesis also focuses in the role of humanitarian organisations, both private and intergovernmental, in tackling the Jewish refugee situation. The role of Jewish underground groups in organising the clandestine crossing of the Pyrenees is also explored in detail. Lastly, this thesis also accounts for the decimated possibilities of transportation from the Iberian Peninsula during the war, and for the repercussions of this transportation crisis for the Jewish refugee crisis and the Holocaus

Library buildings around the world

"Library Buildings around the World" is a survey based on researches of several years. The objective was to gather library buildings on an international level starting with 1990

La città, il viaggio, il turismo: Percezione, produzione e trasformazione

[English]:The city as a destination of the journey in his long evolution throughout history: a basic human need, an event aimed at knowledge, to education, to business and trade, military and religious conquests, but also related to redundancies for the achievement of mere physical or spiritual salvation. In the frame of one of the world's most celebrated historical city, the cradle of Greek antiquity, myth and beauty, travel timeless destination for culture and leisure, and today, more than ever, strongly tending to the conservation and development of their own identity, this collection of essays aims to provide, in the tradition of AISU studies, a further opportunity for reflection and exchange between the various disciplines related to urban history./ [Italiano]:La città come meta del viaggio nella sua lunga evoluzione nel corso della storia: un bisogno primario dell'uomo, un evento finalizzato alla conoscenza, all'istruzione, agli affari e agli scambi commerciali, alle conquiste militari o religiose, ma anche legato agli esodi per il conseguimento della mera salvezza fisica o spirituale. Nella cornice di una delle città storiche più celebrate al mondo, culla dell'antichità greca, del mito e della bellezza, meta intramontabile di viaggi di cultura e di piacere, e oggi, più che mai, fortemente protesa alla conservazione e alla valorizzazione della propria identità, questa raccolta di saggi intende offrire, nel solco della tradizione di studi dell'AISU, un'ulteriore occasione di riflessione e di confronto tra i più svariati ambiti disciplinari attinenti alla storia urbana