Optical Quantum Random Number Generator

A physical random number generator based on the intrinsic randomness of quantum mechanics is described. The random events are realized by the choice of single photons between the two outputs of a beamsplitter. We present a simple device, which minimizes the impact of the photon counters' noise, dead-time and after pulses.Comment: 3 pages + 1 figur

Some comments on C. S. Wallace's random number generators

We outline some of Chris Wallace's contributions to pseudo-random number generation. In particular, we consider his idea for generating normally distributed variates without relying on a source of uniform random numbers, and compare it with more conventional methods for generating normal random numbers. Implementations of Wallace's idea can be very fast (approximately as fast as good uniform generators). We discuss the statistical quality of the output, and mention how certain pitfalls can be avoided.Comment: 13 pages. For further information, see http://wwwmaths.anu.edu.au/~brent/pub/pub213.htm

Universal psychometrics: measuring cognitive abilities in the machine kingdom

We present and develop the notion of ‘universal psychometrics’ as a subject of study, and eventually a discipline, that focusses on the measurement of cognitive abilities for the machine kingdom, which comprises any (cognitive) system, individual or collective, either artificial, biological or hybrid. Universal psychometrics can be built, of course, upon the experience, techniques and methodologies from (human) psychometrics, comparative cognition and related areas. Conversely, the perspective and techniques which are being developed in the area of machine intelligence measurement using (algorithmic) information theory can be of much broader applicability and implication outside artificial intelligence. This general approach to universal psychometrics spurs the re-understanding of most (if not all) of the big issues about the measurement of cognitive abilities, and creates a new foundation for (re)defining and mathematically formalising the concept of cognitive task, evaluable subject, interface, task choice, difficulty, agent response curves, etc. We introduce the notion of a universal cognitive test and discuss whether (and when) it may be necessary for exploring the machine kingdom. On the issue of intelligence and very general abilities, we also get some results and connections with the related notions of no-free-lunch theorems and universal priorsWe thank the anonymous reviewers for their comments. This work was supported by the MEC-MINECO projects CONSOLIDER-INGENIO CSD2007-00022 and TIN 2010-21062-C02-02, GVA project PROMETEO/2008/051, the COST -European Cooperation in the field of Scientific and Technical Research IC0801 ATHernández Orallo, J.; Dowe, DL.; Hernández Lloreda, MV. (2014). Universal psychometrics: measuring cognitive abilities in the machine kingdom. Cognitive Systems Research. 27:50-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsys.2013.06.001S50742