Animal Cognition: Deconstructing Avian Insight

SummaryA new study of how experience contributes to apparently insightful problem-solving by tool-using crows has shown that operating an apparatus with the beak or a stick promotes novel use of stones on the same apparatus

Bangor Historic Resources Inventory, 1975

Bangor Historic Resources Inventory, 1975 Compiled and written by: Earle G. Shettleworth, Jr., Architectural Historian, Maine Historic Preservation Commission. Partial funding of this document was made available under the provisions of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 as administered by the National Register of Historic Places, National Park Service, Department of the Interior. Contents: Union Street Area / Ohio Street Area / West Broadway Area / Kenduskeag Avenue Area / Broadway Area / State Street Area / Individual Structures / Index of Architectshttps://digitalcommons.usm.maine.edu/me_collection/1065/thumbnail.jp

Selected Artists\u27 Biographies--Maine Bird\u27s Eye Views

https://digitalcommons.usm.maine.edu/oml-maine-birds-eye-view-catalogue/1001/thumbnail.jp

Maine, 1875-1900--An Introduction

https://digitalcommons.usm.maine.edu/oml-maine-birds-eye-view-catalogue/1002/thumbnail.jp

Maine Bird\u27s Eye Views--An Introduction

https://digitalcommons.usm.maine.edu/oml-maine-birds-eye-view-catalogue/1000/thumbnail.jp

Selected Bibliography

https://digitalcommons.usm.maine.edu/oml-maine-birds-eye-view-catalogue/1003/thumbnail.jp

The influence of pre-experimental experience on social discrimination in rats (Rattus norvegicus)

The authors used laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus) of known relatedness and contrasting familiarity to assess the potential effect of preexperimental social experience on subsequent social recognition. The authors used the habituation-discrimination technique, which assumes that multiple exposures to a social stimulus (e.g., soiled bedding) ensure a subject discriminates between the habituation stimulus and a novel stimulus when both are introduced simultaneously. The authors observed a strong discrimination if the subjects had different amounts of preexperimental experience with the donors of the 2 stimuli but a weak discrimination if the subjects had either equal amounts of preexperimental experience or no experience with the stimuli. Preexperimental social experience does, therefore, appear to influence decision making in subsequent social discriminations. Implications for recognition and memory research are discussed

Affect-Driven Attention Biases as Animal Welfare Indicators: Review and Methods.

Attention bias describes the differential allocation of attention towards one stimulus compared to others. In humans, this bias can be mediated by the observer's affective state and is implicated in the onset and maintenance of affective disorders such as anxiety. Affect-driven attention biases (ADABs) have also been identified in a few other species. Here, we review the literature on ADABs in animals and discuss their utility as welfare indicators. Despite a limited research effort, several studies have found that negative affective states modulate attention to negative (i.e., threatening) cues. ADABs influenced by positive-valence states have also been documented in animals. We discuss methods for measuring ADAB and conclude that looking time, dot-probe, and emotional spatial cueing paradigms are particularly promising. Research is needed to test them with a wider range of species, investigate attentional scope as an indicator of affect, and explore the possible causative role of attention biases in determining animal wellbeing. Finally, we argue that ADABs might not be best-utilized as indicators of general valence, but instead to reveal specific emotions, motivations, aversions, and preferences. Paying attention to the human literature could facilitate these advances

The Day Portland Burned: July 4, 1866

On July 4, 1866, a great fire burned through Portland, leaving 10,000 people homeless and causing $12 million in property loss. Earle G. Shettleworth, Jr. researched, compiled and provided the narrative to this 12-page Anniversary Edition of the Evening Express describing Portland before the fire, what happened the day of the fire, how Portland was rebuilt following the fire, and the fire\u27s legacy