PANDA Phase one

none425siThe Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) in Darmstadt, Germany, provides unique possibilities for a new generation of hadron-, nuclear- and atomic physics experiments. The future antiProton ANnihilations at DArmstadt (PANDA or PANDA) experiment at FAIR will offer a broad physics programme, covering different aspects of the strong interaction. Understanding the latter in the nonperturbative regime remains one of the greatest challenges in contemporary physics. The antiproton–nucleon interaction studied with PANDA provides crucial tests in this area. Furthermore, the high-intensity, low-energy domain of PANDA allows for searches for physics beyond the Standard Model, e.g. through high precision symmetry tests. This paper takes into account a staged approach for the detector setup and for the delivered luminosity from the accelerator. The available detector setup at the time of the delivery of the first antiproton beams in the HESR storage ring is referred to as the Phase One setup. The physics programme that is achievable during Phase One is outlined in this paper.openG. Barucca, F. Davi', G. Lancioni, P. Mengucci, L. Montalto, P. P. Natali, N. Paone, D. Rinaldi, L. Scalise, B. Krusche, M. Steinacher, Z. Liu, C. Liu, B. Liu, X. Shen, S. Sun, G. Zhao, J. Zhao, M. Albrecht, W. Alkakhi , S. Bökelmann , S. Coen , F. Feldbauer , M. Fink , J. Frech , V. Freudenreich , M. Fritsch , J. Grochowski , R. Hagdorn , F. H. Heinsius , T. Held , T. Holtmann , I. Keshk , H. Koch , B. Kopf , M. Kümmel , M. Kü.ner , J. Li, L. Linzen , S. Maldaner , J. Oppotsch , S. Pankonin , M. Pelizäus , S. Pflüger , J. Reher , G. Reicherz , C. Schnier , M. Steinke , T. Triffterer , C. Wenzel , U. Wiedner , H. Denizli , N. Er , U. Keskin , S. Yerlikaya , A. Yilmaz , R. Beck , V. Chauhan , C. Hammann , J. Hartmann , B. Ketzer , J. Müllers , B. Salisbury , C. Schmidt , U. Thoma , M. Urban , A. Bianconi, M. Bragadireanu , D. Pantea , S. Rimjaem , M. Domagala , G. Filo , E. Lisowski , F. Lisowski , M. Michałek , P. Pozna´ nski , J. Płazek , K. Korcyl , P. Lebiedowicz , K. Pysz ,W. Schäfer , A. Szczurek , M. Firlej , T. Fiutowski , M. Idzik , J. Moron , K. Swientek , P. Terlecki , G. Korcyl , R. Lalik , A. Malige , P. Moskal , K. Nowakowski ,W. Przygoda , N. Rathod , P. Salabura , J. Smyrski, I. Augustin , R. Böhm , I. Lehmann , L. Schmitt , V. Varentsov , M. Al-Turany, A. Belias , H. Deppe, R. Dzhygadlo , H. Flemming , A. Gerhardt , K. Götzen , A. Heinz , P. Jiang , R. Karabowicz , S. Koch , U. Kurilla , D. Lehmann , J. Lühning , U. Lynen , H. Orth , K. Peters , J. Pütz, , J. Ritman, , G. Schepers , C. J. Schmidt , C. Schwarz , J. Schwiening , A. Täschner , M. Traxler , B. Voss , P. Wieczorek , V. Abazov , G. Alexeev , M. Yu. Barabanov , V. Kh. Dodokhov , A. Efremov , A. Fechtchenko , A. Galoyan , G. Golovanov , E. K. Koshurnikov , Y. Yu. Lobanov , A. G. Olshevskiy , A. A. Piskun , A. Samartsev , S. Shimanski , N. B. Skachkov , A. N. Skachkova , E. A. Strokovsky , V. Tokmenin , V. Uzhinsky, A. Verkheev, A. Vodopianov, N. I. Zhuravlev, D.Watts , M. Böhm , W. Eyrich , A. Lehmann , D. Miehling , M. Pfaffinger , K. Seth , T. Xiao , A. Ali , A. Hamdi , M. Himmelreich , M. Krebs , S. Nakhoul , F. Nerling, , P. Gianotti , V. Lucherini , G. Bracco , S. Bodenschatz , K. T. Brinkmann , L. Brück , S. Diehl , V. Dormenev , M. Düren , T. Erlen , C. Hahn, A. Hayrapetyan , J. Hofmann , S. Kegel , F. Khalid , I. Köseoglu , A. Kripko , W. Kühn , V. Metag , M. Moritz , M. Nanova , R. Novotny , P. Orsich , J. Pereira-de-Lira , M. Sachs , M. Schmidt , R. Schubert , M. Strickert , T. Wasem, H. G. Zaunick, E. Tomasi-Gustafsson, D. Glazier , D. Ireland , B. Seitz , R. Kappert , M. Kavatsyuk , H. Loehner , J. Messchendorp,a , V. Rodin , K. Kalita , G. Huang , D. Liu , H. Peng , H. Qi , Y. Sun , X. Zhou , M. Kunze , K. Azizi, , A. T. Olgun , Z. Tavukoglu , A. Derichs , R. Dosdall , W. Esmail , A. Gillitzer , F. Goldenbaum , D. Grunwald , L. Jokhovets , J. Kannika , P. Kulessa , S. Orfanitski , G. Perez-Andrade , D. Prasuhn , E. Prencipe , E. Rosenthal , S. Schadmand , R. Schmitz , A. Scholl , T. Sefzick , V. Serdyuk , T. Stockmanns , D. Veretennikov , P.Wintz , P. Wüstner , H. Xu , Y. Zhou , X. Cao , Q. Hu , Y. Liang , V. Rigato , L. Isaksson , P. Achenbach , O. Corell , A. Denig , M. Distler , M. Hoek , W. Lauth , H. H. Leithoff , H. Merkel , U. Müller , J. Petersen , J. Pochodzalla , S. Schlimme , C. Sfienti , M. Thiel , S. Bleser , M. Bölting , L. Capozza , A. Dbeyssi , A. Ehret , R. Klasen , R. Kliemt , F. Maas , C. Motzko , O. Noll , D. Rodríguez Piñeiro , F. Schupp , M. Steinen , S.Wolff , I. Zimmermann , D. Kazlou , M. Korzhik , O. Missevitch , P. Balanutsa , V. Chernetsky , A. Demekhin , A. Dolgolenko , P. Fedorets , A. Gerasimov , A. Golubev , A. Kantsyrev , D. Y. Kirin , N. Kristi , E. Ladygina , E. Luschevskaya , V. A.Matveev , V. Panjushkin , A. V. Stavinskiy , A. Balashoff , A. Boukharov , M. Bukharova , O. Malyshev , E. Vishnevsky , D. Bonaventura , P. Brand , B. Hetz , N. Hüsken , J. Kellers , A. Khoukaz , D. Klostermann , C. Mannweiler , S. Vestrick , D. Bumrungkoh , C. Herold , K. Khosonthongkee , C. Kobdaj , A. Limphirat , K. Manasatitpong , T. Nasawad , S. Pongampai , T. Simantathammakul , P. Srisawad , N. Wongprachanukul , Y. Yan , C. Yu , X. Zhang , W. Zhu , E. Antokhin , A. Yu. Barnyakov , K. Beloborodov , V. E. Blinov , I. A. Kuyanov, S. Pivovarov , E. Pyata , Y. Tikhonov , A. E. Blinov , S. Kononov , E. A. Kravchenko , M. Lattery , G. Boca , D. Duda , M. Finger , M. Finger Jr. , A. Kveton , I. Prochazka , M. Slunecka , M. Volf , V. Jary , O. Korchak , M. Marcisovsky , G. Neue , J. Novy , L. Tomasek , M. Tomasek , M. Virius , V. Vrba , V. Abramov , S. Bukreeva , S. Chernichenko , A. Derevschikov , V. Ferapontov , Y. Goncharenko , A. Levin , E. Maslova , Y. Melnik , A. Meschanin , N. Minaev , V. Mochalov, , V.Moiseev , D. Morozov , L. Nogach , S. Poslavskiy , A. Ryazantsev , S. Ryzhikov , P. Semenov, , I. Shein , A. Uzunian , A. Vasiliev, , A. Yakutin , S. Belostotski , G. Fedotov , A. Izotov , S. Manaenkov , O. Miklukho , B. Cederwall , M. Preston , P. E. Tegner , D. Wölbing , K. Gandhi ,A. K. Rai , S. Godre , V. Crede , S. Dobbs , P. Eugenio ,M. P. Bussa , S. Spataro , D. Calvo , P. De Remigis , A. Filippi , G. Mazza , R. Wheadon , F. Iazzi , A. Lavagno , A. Akram , H. Calen , W. Ikegami Andersson , T. Johansson , A. Kupsc , P. Marciniewski , M. Papenbrock , J. Regina , J. Rieger , K. Schönning, M.Wolke , A. Chlopik , G. Kesik , D. Melnychuk , J. Tarasiuk, , M. Wojciechowski , S. Wronka , B. Zwieglinski , C. Amsler , P. Bühler , J. Marton , S. Zimmermann, C. S. Fischer , J. Haidenbauer, C. Hanhart,M. F. M. Lutz, Sinéad M. RyanBarucca, G.; Davi', F.; Lancioni, G.; Mengucci, P.; Montalto, L.; Natali, P. P.; Paone, N.; Rinaldi, D.; Scalise, L.; Krusche, B.; Steinacher, M.; Liu, Z.; Liu, C.; Liu, B.; Shen, X.; Sun, S.; Zhao, G.; Zhao, J.; Albrecht, M.; Alkakhi, W.; Bökelmann, S.; Coen, S.; Feldbauer, F.; Fink, M.; Frech, J.; Freudenreich, V.; Fritsch, M.; Grochowski, J.; Hagdorn, R.; Heinsius, F. H.; Held, T.; Holtmann, T.; Keshk, I.; Koch, H.; Kopf, B.; Kümmel, M.; Ner, M. Kü.; Li, J.; Linzen, L.; Maldaner, S.; Oppotsch, J.; Pankonin, S.; Pelizäus, M.; Pflüger, S.; Reher, J.; Reicherz, G.; Schnier, C.; Steinke, M.; Triffterer, T.; Wenzel, C.; Wiedner, U.; Denizli, H.; Er, N.; Keskin, U.; Yerlikaya, S.; Yilmaz, A.; Beck, R.; Chauhan, V.; Hammann, C.; Hartmann, J.; Ketzer, B.; Müllers, J.; Salisbury, B.; Schmidt, C.; Thoma, U.; Urban, M.; Bianconi, A.; Bragadireanu, M.; Pantea, D.; Rimjaem, S.; Domagala, M.; Filo, G.; Lisowski, E.; Lisowski, F.; Michałek, M.; Pozna´ nski, P.; Płazek, J.; Korcyl, K.; Lebiedowicz, P.; Pysz, K.; Schäfer, W.; Szczurek, A.; Firlej, M.; Fiutowski, T.; Idzik, M.; Moron, J.; Swientek, K.; Terlecki, P.; Korcyl, G.; Lalik, R.; Malige, A.; Moskal, P.; Nowakowski, K.; Przygoda, W.; Rathod, N.; Salabura, P.; Smyrski, J.; Augustin, I.; Böhm, R.; Lehmann, I.; Schmitt, L.; Varentsov, V.; Al-Turany, M.; Belias, A.; Deppe, H.; Dzhygadlo, R.; Flemming, H.; Gerhardt, A.; Götzen, K.; Heinz, A.; Jiang, P.; Karabowicz, R.; Koch, S.; Kurilla, U.; Lehmann, D.; Lühning, J.; Lynen, U.; Orth, H.; Peters, K.; Pütz, J.; Ritman, J.; Schepers, G.; Schmidt, C. J.; Schwarz, C.; Schwiening, J.; Täschner, A.; Traxler, M.; Voss, B.; Wieczorek, P.; Abazov, V.; Alexeev, G.; Barabanov, M. Yu.; Dodokhov, V. Kh.; Efremov, A.; Fechtchenko, A.; Galoyan, A.; Golovanov, G.; Koshurnikov, E. K.; Lobanov, Y. Yu.; Olshevskiy, A. G.; Piskun, A. A.; Samartsev, A.; Shimanski, S.; Skachkov, N. B.; Skachkova, A. N.; Strokovsky, E. A.; Tokmenin, V.; Uzhinsky, V.; Verkheev, A.; Vodopianov, A.; Zhuravlev, N. I.; Watts, D.; Böhm, M.; Eyrich, W.; Lehmann, A.; Miehling, D.; Pfaffinger, M.; Seth, K.; Xiao, T.; Ali, A.; Hamdi, A.; Himmelreich, M.; Krebs, M.; Nakhoul, S.; Nerling, F.; Gianotti, P.; Lucherini, V.; Bracco, G.; Bodenschatz, S.; Brinkmann, K. T.; Brück, L.; Diehl, S.; Dormenev, V.; Düren, M.; Erlen, T.; Hahn, C.; Hayrapetyan, A.; Hofmann, J.; Kegel, S.; Khalid, F.; Köseoglu, I.; Kripko, A.; Kühn, W.; Metag, V.; Moritz, M.; Nanova, M.; Novotny, R.; Orsich, P.; Pereira-de-Lira, J.; Sachs, M.; Schmidt, M.; Schubert, R.; Strickert, M.; Wasem, T.; Zaunick, H. G.; Tomasi-Gustafsson, E.; Glazier, D.; Ireland, D.; Seitz, B.; Kappert, R.; Kavatsyuk, M.; Loehner, H.; Messchendorp, J.; A, ; Rodin, V.; Kalita, K.; Huang, G.; Liu, D.; Peng, H.; Qi, H.; Sun, Y.; Zhou, X.; Kunze, M.; Azizi, K.; Olgun, A. T.; Tavukoglu, Z.; Derichs, A.; Dosdall, R.; Esmail, W.; Gillitzer, A.; Goldenbaum, F.; Grunwald, D.; Jokhovets, L.; Kannika, J.; Kulessa, P.; Orfanitski, S.; Perez-Andrade, G.; Prasuhn, D.; Prencipe, E.; Rosenthal, E.; Schadmand, S.; Schmitz, R.; Scholl, A.; Sefzick, T.; Serdyuk, V.; Stockmanns, T.; Veretennikov, D.; Wintz, P.; Wüstner, P.; Xu, H.; Zhou, Y.; Cao, X.; Hu, Q.; Liang, Y.; Rigato, V.; Isaksson, L.; Achenbach, P.; Corell, O.; Denig, A.; Distler, M.; Hoek, M.; Lauth, W.; Leithoff, H. H.; Merkel, H.; Müller, U.; Petersen, J.; Pochodzalla, J.; Schlimme, S.; Sfienti, C.; Thiel, M.; Bleser, S.; Bölting, M.; Capozza, L.; Dbeyssi, A.; Ehret, A.; Klasen, R.; Kliemt, R.; Maas, F.; Motzko, C.; Noll, O.; Rodríguez Piñeiro, D.; Schupp, F.; Steinen, M.; Wolff, S.; Zimmermann, I.; Kazlou, D.; Korzhik, M.; Missevitch, O.; Balanutsa, P.; Chernetsky, V.; Demekhin, A.; Dolgolenko, A.; Fedorets, P.; Gerasimov, A.; Golubev, A.; Kantsyrev, A.; Kirin, D. Y.; Kristi, N.; Ladygina, E.; Luschevskaya, E.; Matveev, V. A.; Panjushkin, V.; Stavinskiy, A. V.; Balashoff, A.; Boukharov, A.; Bukharova, M.; Malyshev, O.; Vishnevsky, E.; Bonaventura, D.; Brand, P.; Hetz, B.; Hüsken, N.; Kellers, J.; Khoukaz, A.; Klostermann, D.; Mannweiler, C.; Vestrick, S.; Bumrungkoh, D.; Herold, C.; Khosonthongkee, K.; Kobdaj, C.; Limphirat, A.; Manasatitpong, K.; Nasawad, T.; Pongampai, S.; Simantathammakul, T.; Srisawad, P.; Wongprachanukul, N.; Yan, Y.; Yu, C.; Zhang, X.; Zhu, W.; Antokhin, E.; Barnyakov, A. Yu.; Beloborodov, K.; Blinov, V. E.; Kuyanov, I. A.; Pivovarov, S.; Pyata, E.; Tikhonov, Y.; Blinov, A. E.; Kononov, S.; Kravchenko, E. A.; Lattery, M.; Boca, G.; Duda, D.; Finger, M.; Finger Jr., M.; Kveton, A.; Prochazka, I.; Slunecka, M.; Volf, M.; Jary, V.; Korchak, O.; Marcisovsky, M.; Neue, G.; Novy, J.; Tomasek, L.; Tomasek, M.; Virius, M.; Vrba, V.; Abramov, V.; Bukreeva, S.; Chernichenko, S.; Derevschikov, A.; Ferapontov, V.; Goncharenko, Y.; Levin, A.; Maslova, E.; Melnik, Y.; Meschanin, A.; Minaev, N.; Mochalov, V.; Moiseev, V.; Morozov, D.; Nogach, L.; Poslavskiy, S.; Ryazantsev, A.; Ryzhikov, S.; Semenov, P.; Shein, I.; Uzunian, A.; Vasiliev, A.; Yakutin, A.; Belostotski, S.; Fedotov, G.; Izotov, A.; Manaenkov, S.; Miklukho, O.; Cederwall, B.; Preston, M.; Tegner, P. E.; Wölbing, D.; Gandhi, K.; Rai, A. K.; Godre, S.; Crede, V.; Dobbs, S.; Eugenio, P.; Bussa, M. P.; Spataro, S.; Calvo, D.; De Remigis, P.; Filippi, A.; Mazza, G.; Wheadon, R.; Iazzi, F.; Lavagno, A.; Akram, A.; Calen, H.; Ikegami Andersson, W.; Johansson, T.; Kupsc, A.; Marciniewski, P.; Papenbrock, M.; Regina, J.; Rieger, J.; Schönning, K.; Wolke, M.; Chlopik, A.; Kesik, G.; Melnychuk, D.; Tarasiuk, J.; Wojciechowski, M.; Wronka, S.; Zwieglinski, B.; Amsler, C.; Bühler, P.; Marton, J.; Zimmermann, S.; Fischer, C. S.; Haidenbauer, J.; Hanhart, C.; Lutz, M. F. M.; Ryan, Sinéad M

PANDA Phase One - PANDA collaboration

The Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) in Darmstadt, Germany, provides unique possibilities for a new generation of hadron-, nuclear- and atomic physics experiments. The future antiProton ANnihilations at DArmstadt (PANDA or P¯ANDA) experiment at FAIR will offer a broad physics programme, covering different aspects of the strong interaction. Understanding the latter in the non-perturbative regime remains one of the greatest challenges in contemporary physics. The antiproton–nucleon interaction studied with PANDA provides crucial tests in this area. Furthermore, the high-intensity, low-energy domain of PANDA allows for searches for physics beyond the Standard Model, e.g. through high precision symmetry tests. This paper takes into account a staged approach for the detector setup and for the delivered luminosity from the accelerator. The available detector setup at the time of the delivery of the first antiproton beams in the HESR storage ring is referred to as the Phase One setup. The physics programme that is achievable during Phase One is outlined in this paper

Changes in the milk metabolome of the Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) with time after birth: three phases in early lactation and progressive individual differences

Ursids (bears) in general, and giant pandas in particular, are highly altricial at birth. The components of bear milks and their changes with time may be uniquely adapted to nourish relatively immature neonates, protect them from pathogens, and support the maturation of neonatal digestive physiology. Serial milk samples collected from three giant pandas in early lactation were subjected to untargeted metabolite profiling and multivariate analysis. Changes in milk metabolites with time after birth were analysed by Principal Component Analysis, Hierarchical Cluster Analysis and further supported by Orthogonal Partial Least Square-Discriminant Analysis, revealing three phases of milk maturation: days 1–6 (Phase 1), days 7–20 (Phase 2), and beyond day 20 (Phase 3). While the compositions of Phase 1 milks were essentially indistinguishable among individuals, divergences emerged during the second week of lactation. OPLS regression analysis positioned against the growth rate of one cub tentatively inferred a correlation with changes in the abundance of a trisaccharide, isoglobotriose, previously observed to be a major oligosaccharide in ursid milks. Three artificial milk formulae used to feed giant panda cubs were also analysed, and were found to differ markedly in component content from natural panda milk. These findings have implications for the dependence of the ontogeny of all species of bears, and potentially other members of the Carnivora and beyond, on the complexity and sequential changes in maternal provision of micrometabolites in the immediate period after birth

Performance studies for the trigger-less data acquisition of the PANDA experiment (phase-1)

Despite its successes, the Standard Model (SM) still contains certain gaps in the knowledge about the strong interactions. For example, a mass-generation mechanism (Higgs mechanism) is only responsible for 1% of the mass of proton, which is the first hadron discovered by physicists. The origin of the rest 99% is still not fully understood. According to Quantum Chromo Dynamics (QCD), the theory describing strong interactions within the SM, fundamental blocks of hadrons, quarks and gluons, are able to carry color charge and form color-neutral states. The latter can be a common matter (meson and baryon states) as well as an exotics (non-meson and non-baryon states). One of the possible ways to understand the dynamics of strong interactions is the investigation of conventional and exotic states in nuclear and particle physics experiments able to provide high-interaction rates sufficient for production of these states. AntiProton ANnihilations at DArmstadt (PANDA) at the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) in Darmstadt is one such experiment. PANDA aims to explore a transition region between non-perturbative and perturbative regimes of QCD using antiproton-proton annihilations at high interaction rates. In this thesis, the performance of the trigger-less Data Acquisition (DAQ) system of the PANDA experiment is studied in terms of requirements for its starting phase (phase-1). Additionally, a possible data acquisition strategy was found for this phase. The results obtained from experimental measurements, as well as simulation studies, showed that trigger-less DAQ using the proposed strategy can fulfill the requirements of the PANDA experiment for phase-1

Prolonged transition time between colostrum and mature milk in a bear, the giant panda, Ailuropoda melanoleuca

Bears produce the most altricial neonates of any placental mammal. We hypothesized that the transition from colostrum to mature milk in bears reflects a temporal and biochemical adaptation for altricial development and immune protection. Comparison of bear milks with milks of other eutherians yielded distinctive protein profiles. Proteomic and metabolomic analysis of serial milk samples collected from six giant pandas showed a prolonged transition from colostrum to main-phase lactation over approximately 30 days. Particularly striking are the persistence or sequential appearance of adaptive and innate immune factors. The endurance of immunoglobulin G suggests an unusual duration of trans-intestinal absorption of maternal antibodies, and is potentially relevant to the underdeveloped lymphoid system of giant panda neonates. Levels of certain milk oligosaccharides known to exert anti-microbial activities and/or that are conducive to the development of neonatal gut microbiomes underwent an almost complete changeover around days 20–30 postpartum, coincident with the maturation of the protein profile. A potential metabolic marker of starvation was detected, the prominence of which may reflect the natural postpartum period of anorexia in giant panda mothers. Early lactation in giant pandas, and possibly in other ursids, appears to be adapted for the unique requirements of unusually altricial eutherian neonates

Effects of azimuth-symmetric acceptance cutoffs on the measured asymmetry in unpolarized Drell-Yan fixed target experiments

Fixed-target unpolarized Drell-Yan experiments often feature an acceptance depending on the polar angle of the lepton tracks in the laboratory frame. Typically leptons are detected in a defined angular range, with a dead zone in the forward region. If the cutoffs imposed by the angular acceptance are independent of the azimuth, at first sight they do not appear dangerous for a measurement of the cos(2\phi)-asymmetry, relevant because of its association with the violation of the Lam-Tung rule and with the Boer-Mulders function. On the contrary, direct simulations show that up to 10 percent asymmetries are produced by these cutoffs. These artificial asymmetries present qualitative features that allow them to mimic the physical ones. They introduce some model-dependence in the measurements of the cos(2\phi)-asymmetry, since a precise reconstruction of the acceptance in the Collins-Soper frame requires a Monte Carlo simulation, that in turn requires some detailed physical input to generate event distributions. Although experiments in the eighties seem to have been aware of this problem, the possibility of using the Boer-Mulders function as an input parameter in the extraction of Transversity has much increased the requirements of precision on this measurement. Our simulations show that the safest approach to these measurements is a strong cutoff on the Collins-Soper polar angle. This reduces statistics, but does not necessarily decrease the precision in a measurement of the Boer-Mulders function.Comment: 13 pages, 14 figure

Temperature and Strain Sensitivities of High-Birefringence Elliptical Fibers

We have analyzed and calculated the temperature and strain sensitivities of a high-birefringence double-clad elliptical fiber. We propose a method to minimize these sensitivities without increasing the fiber size or weight; this is achieved by selecting suitable fiber parameters—core ellipticity, refractive index difference, and thickness of the inner cladding. In addition, we discuss the design of temperature- or strain-insensitive fibers which may be used in polarimetric strain or temperature sensors. This method may also be used to minimize or enhance other external effects

Temperature and Strain Sensitivity Measurements of High-Birefringent Polarization-Maintaining Fibers

The strain and temperature sensitivities of three common commercial high-birefringent polarization maintaining fibers (bow-tie, polarization-maintaining and absorption-reducing, and elliptical core fibers) have been measured by using a dynamic polarimetric method. The experimental setup and measuring process are described in detail. Where possible, the measuring data are compared with published data, and good agreement is obtained

Physics Performance Report for PANDA Strong Interaction Studies with Antiprotons

To study fundamental questions of hadron and nuclear physics in interactions of antiprotons with nucleons and nuclei, the universal PANDA detector will be build. Gluonic excitations, the physics of strange and charm quarks and nucleon structure studies will be performed with unprecedented accuracy thereby allowing high-precision tests of the strong interaction. The proposed PANDA detector is a state-of-the-art internal target detector at the HESR at FAIR allowing the detection and identifcation of neutral and charged particles generated within the relevant angular and energy range. This report presents a summary of the physics accessible at PANDA and what performance can be expected