Interval-valued and intuitionistic fuzzy mathematical morphologies as special cases of L-fuzzy mathematical morphology

Mathematical morphology (MM) offers a wide range of tools for image processing and computer vision. MM was originally conceived for the processing of binary images and later extended to gray-scale morphology. Extensions of classical binary morphology to gray-scale morphology include approaches based on fuzzy set theory that give rise to fuzzy mathematical morphology (FMM). From a mathematical point of view, FMM relies on the fact that the class of all fuzzy sets over a certain universe forms a complete lattice. Recall that complete lattices provide for the most general framework in which MM can be conducted. The concept of L-fuzzy set generalizes not only the concept of fuzzy set but also the concepts of interval-valued fuzzy set and Atanassov’s intuitionistic fuzzy set. In addition, the class of L-fuzzy sets forms a complete lattice whenever the underlying set L constitutes a complete lattice. Based on these observations, we develop a general approach towards L-fuzzy mathematical morphology in this paper. Our focus is in particular on the construction of connectives for interval-valued and intuitionistic fuzzy mathematical morphologies that arise as special, isomorphic cases of L-fuzzy MM. As an application of these ideas, we generate a combination of some well-known medical image reconstruction techniques in terms of interval-valued fuzzy image processing

On the Divergence of Schopenhauerian and Schweitzerian Ethics-of-Will

I attempt to understand the cause of divergence between the ethical philosophy of Arthur Schopenhauer and Albert Schweitzer, both of whom belong to a meta-ethical school dubbed ethics-of-will. Ethics-of-will is that subset of moral thought which advocates moral action on the basis of the metaphysical propositions that the world is Will and all that exists to human perception is representation of the Will. Schweitzer and Schopenhauer fall into this school, yet advocate radically different ethics, such that Schweitzer may be considered an optimist advocating ethics which seek life- and world-affirmation and Schopenhauer may be considered a pessimist advocating ethics which seek world- and life-negation. In attempting to understand this divergence, I look to the two philosopher\u27s respective methodologies and perspectives on the will-to-live

Sentiment analysis em relatórios anuais de empresas brasileiras com ações negociadas na BM&FBovespa

We investigated the association between the tone of annual reports issued by a sample of listed Brazilian firms and market variables (abnormal returns, trading volume and price volatility). The tone was measured using sentiment analysis techniques (Liu et al., 2005; Liu, 2010). As in Loughran and McDonald (2011), we developed and used lists of positive, negative, litigious, uncertainty-related and modal words in Portuguese to assess the tone of annual reports. Using a sample of 829 annual reports from 1997 to 2009, we observed a weak association between the tone of annual reports and stock market variables in Brazil. Additionally, we considered a sub-sample prior to GAAP changes in Brazil (1997-2007) and our results are maintained. Contrary to other studies using data from the United States, we found that the tone of annual reports released by Brazilian firms is not conducive to estimating returns.Keywords: sentiment analysis, textual sentiment, positive words, negative words, annual reports.Foi investigada a associação entre o tom dos relatórios anuais divulgados por uma amostra de empresas brasileiras listadas na BM&FBovespa com variáveis de mercado (retornos anormais, volume de negociação e volatilidade). O tom dos relatórios foi medido por meio de técnicas de sentiment analysis (Liu et al., 2005; Liu, 2010). Seguindo o trabalho de Loughran e McDonald (2011), foram construídas listas de palavras positivas, negativas, litigiosas e de incerteza, além de modais, para construir uma medida de tom dos relatórios. A análise das 829 observações de relatórios, referentes ao período de 1997 a 2009, resultou na identificação de uma fraca associação entre as medidas de tom dos textos e as variáveis retorno anormal, volatilidade e volume anormal. Adicionalmente, realizou-se uma análise de robustez excluindo-se da amostra os anos de transição de regime contábil no Brasil (2008 e 2009), e nossos resultados se mantêm. Contrariamente aos estudos anteriores que usaram dados do mercado norte-americano, o tom dos relatórios divulgados pelas empresas brasileiras não contribui para melhorar as estimativas de retorno.Palavras-chave: sentiment analysis, tom textual, palavras positivas, palavras negativas, relatórios anuais

A brief history of negation

AbstractThe history of scholarship on negation tracks and illuminates the major developments in the history of metaphysics, philosophy of language, and philosophy of mind, from Parmenides, Plato and Aristotle through Frege, Russell, and Wittgenstein to contemporary formal theorists. Our perspective focuses on the catalytic role played by the 20th century philosopher of language Paul Grice, whose views on negation serve as a fulcrum for his attempt to bridge the (neo-)Traditionalist and Formalist traditions in logical thought. Grice's remarks on negation and speaker meaning and the elaboration of his ideas by subsequent neo-Griceans are summarized and situated within a broader picture of the role of contradictory and contrary negation in the frameworks of Aristotelians, Medievals, early modern schoolmaster-logicians, 19th and early 20th century neo-Idealists and Formalists, Oxford ordinary-language analytics, practitioners of classical and non-classical logics, and a range of other philosophers and linguists. Particular attention is paid to the relations between negation and the other operators of propositional and predicate calculus. Implications for accounts of the semantics and pragmatics of natural language are also pursued and extensive references to related work are provided

Artaud\u27s Nietzsche: Examining Manifestations of the Dionysian in \u3ci\u3eThe Theatre and Its Double\u3c/i\u3e

This project examines the influence of German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche on French theatre visionary Antonin Artaud with a specific focus on the Dionysian as established in Nietzsche’s inaugural work, The Birth of Tragedy (1872), and further developed throughout Nietzsche’s career. With an insistence upon an appropriate treatment of, first, the types of texts being examined as well as, of course, their larger goals and implications, we can see where overlaps exist between them and, just as importantly, where they don’t. The overlaps primarily occur (and don’t occur) in the context of the Dionysian, a complex and multifaceted philosophical concept that is theatricalized in both ancient Greek theatre, and, to a large extent, in Artaud’s theatre of cruelty. A comprehensive and holistic understanding of the Dionysian – defined throughout Nietzsche’s work by a preservation of ancient pessimistic wisdom, a facilitation of depersonalization in artistic production, and a doctrine of passionate life-affirmation – will subsequently allow a more developed and accurate understanding of Artaud’s goals in The Theatre and its Double (1938). This inquiry will reveal that Artaud applies selected elements of the Dionysian to his theory while neglecting or even purposefully rejecting others. Artaud utilizes Nietzsche’s conceptualization of the Dionysian to the extent that it requires relinquishing individual subjectivity in theatrical practice, but he does not accept the dimension of life-affirmation, characterized by a constructive/creative response to pessimism, that the Dionysian represents

A cognitive rhetoric approach to two political speeches

Cet article se propose d’étudier les applications possibles du cadre théorique de la rhétorique cognitive, en comparant deux discours politiques, l’un prononcé par le Président Obama et l’autre par le Président Sarkozy, en septembre 2009 lors du « Sommet sur les changements climatiques » qui s’est déroulé au siège des Nations Unies, à New York. L’objectif premier de cette réunion internationale consistait à préparer les négociations qui auraient lieu lors de la conférence de Copenhague sur le climat, en décembre 2009.Cette étude fait suite à deux articles (Bonnefille 2008, 2009) inscrits dans le cadre théorique de la linguistique cognitive et consacrés à l’analyse des outils rhétoriques les plus fréquemment déployés pour parler du changement climatique sur la scène politique. Dans la même veine, le présent article met en lumière les moyens rhétoriques mis en oeuvre dans ces deux discours, afin de permettre aux deux présidents de façonner leurs réponses face à la crise environnementale

Sentiment analysis em relatórios anuais de empresas brasileiras com ações negociadas na BM&FBovespa

We investigated the association between the tone of annual reports issued by a sample of listed Brazilian firms and market variables (abnormal returns, trading volume and price volatility). The tone was measured using sentiment analysis techniques (Liu et al., 2005; Liu, 2010). As in Loughran and McDonald (2011), we developed and used lists of positive, negative, litigious, uncertainty-related and modal words in Portuguese to assess the tone of annual reports. Using a sample of 829 annual reports from 1997 to 2009, we observed a weak association between the tone of annual reports and stock market variables in Brazil. Additionally, we considered a sub-sample prior to GAAP changes in Brazil (1997-2007) and our results are maintained. Contrary to other studies using data from the United States, we found that the tone of annual reports released by Brazilian firms is not conducive to estimating returns.Keywords: sentiment analysis, textual sentiment, positive words, negative words, annual reports.Foi investigada a associação entre o tom dos relatórios anuais divulgados por uma amostra de empresas brasileiras listadas na BM&FBovespa com variáveis de mercado (retornos anormais, volume de negociação e volatilidade). O tom dos relatórios foi medido por meio de técnicas de sentiment analysis (Liu et al., 2005; Liu, 2010). Seguindo o trabalho de Loughran e McDonald (2011), foram construídas listas de palavras positivas, negativas, litigiosas e de incerteza, além de modais, para construir uma medida de tom dos relatórios. A análise das 829 observações de relatórios, referentes ao período de 1997 a 2009, resultou na identificação de uma fraca associação entre as medidas de tom dos textos e as variáveis retorno anormal, volatilidade e volume anormal. Adicionalmente, realizou-se uma análise de robustez excluindo-se da amostra os anos de transição de regime contábil no Brasil (2008 e 2009), e nossos resultados se mantêm. Contrariamente aos estudos anteriores que usaram dados do mercado norte-americano, o tom dos relatórios divulgados pelas empresas brasileiras não contribui para melhorar as estimativas de retorno.Palavras-chave: sentiment analysis, tom textual, palavras positivas, palavras negativas, relatórios anuais

An epistemic interpretation of paraconsistent weak Kleene logic

This paper extends Fitting’s epistemic interpretation of some Kleene logics to also account for Paraconsistent Weak Kleene logic. To achieve this goal, a dualization of Fitting’s “cut-down” operator is discussed, leading to the definition of a “track-down” operator later used to represent the idea that no consistent opinion can arise from a set including an inconsistent opinion. It is shown that, if some reasonable assumptions are made, the truth-functions of Paraconsistent Weak Kleene coincide with certain operations defined in this track-down fashion. Finally, further reflections on conjunction and disjunction in the weak Kleene logics accompany this paper, particularly concerning their relation with containment logics. These considerations motivate a special approach to defining sound and complete Gentzen-style sequent calculi for some of their four-valued generalizations.Fil: Szmuc, Damián Enrique. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Filosóficas. - Sociedad Argentina de Análisis Filosófico. Instituto de Investigaciones Filosóficas; Argentin