The translucent and yellow gummy latex of mangosteen by using the VFSS Measurement

The vibration frequency base on strain gage sensor (VFSS) has proposed to predict an internal translucent and yellow gummy latex in mangosteen fruit, this measurement were used nondestructive method by vibrate on 25,30,35 and 40Hz. The VFSS were obtained an evaluation of feature extraction base on time and frequency domain, which can classify by two scatter plot. From the experimental results, the first day (day1), WAMP and RMS is the best feature comparing with the other feature, there have percentage accuracy higher than the other day. From this result, this method can obtain the high classification accuracy. Keywords: Vibration Fruit base on Strain gage Sensor (VFSS), feature extraction, yellow gummy latex and translucent

The translucent and yellow gummy latex of mangosteen by using autoregressive coefficient method

A nondestructive measurement to predict an internal translucent disorder and yellow gummy latex in mangosteen fruit has proposed by using Vibration Frequency base on Strain gage Sensor (VFSS). This measurement were used vibrate with frequency  0 – 50 Hz The VFSS of 100 mangosteen samples were obtained an evaluation of various existed VFSS signal features base on time and frequency domains. From the experimental results, Auto-regressive (AR) coefficient was suggested to use as a feature for the VFSS measurement. We will be obtained the classification accuracy on good sample and device the sample into two groups.   Keywords: Vibration Fruit base on Strain gage Sensor (VFSS), Auto-regressive (AR) coefficient, feature extraction, yellow gummy latex and translucent

Instrumental and Ultrasonic Techniques in Quality Evaluation of Fresh Fruit and Vegetables

Non-destructive ultrasonic pitch and catch ultrasound measurement of sound velocity was used to assess ripeness in ‘Envy’ apples during storage and to detect brown heart in swede. Ultrasonic group velocity was measured (path length over the transit time) through intact apples along the axial and radial directions of the mature and more mature fruit every two weeks for eight weeks at 4C and 20C. The velocity measurement was also conducted on the defective and non-defective Brown Heart (BH) swedes in an axial direction. Compression, puncture, and sugar level tests were also carried on the two maturity fruit groups, together with a puncture test on the vegetables. The differences between the ultrasonic velocity measured in the axial and radial directions in apples was significantly correlated with the firmness (as assessed by the compression and puncture tests) of the fruit and this is possibly due to increased homogeneity of the fruit during senescence. The correlations between ripeness and ultrasonic velocity in apples, and BH and ultrasonic velocity in swede were supported by the hypothesis of changes of volume fraction of air-water in the parenchyma. The parenchyma of the ripening apple was suggested to have undergone changes of cell compositions of the starch-sugar conversion, cell walls disassembly, and middle lamella disintegration during storage. These changes caused the accumulation of air-water mixtures in the cells, indicating the ripening process in apples. The PCA clearly discriminated the ripening apples based on the weeks of storage (weeks 2 to 8), the maturity levels (mature and more mature fruit), and the orientations of ultrasonic velocity measurements (the axial and radial directions). Meanwhile, the defective BH was suggested to cause the increasing ‘water-core’ of the internal volume in swede parenchyma. This finding was supported by the dissimilar TPA curves between the BH and the healthy swedes. The ultrasonic technique offers an alternative online, fast, economical, non-destructive assessment of firmness for the apples at different ripening stages, storage durations, and storage temperatures. It may assess the fruit ripeness along the postharvest chain and can evaluate the presence and levels of BH of an individual swede. Therefore, this technique signifies cost savings and high standard quality in fruit and vegetables

Intelligent detection of flavor changes in ginger during microwave vacuum drying based on LF-NMR

Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) and electronic nose combined with Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC–MS) were used to collect the data of moisture state and volatile substances to predict the flavor change of ginger during drying. An back propagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN) model was established with the input values of LF-NMR parameters and the output values of sensors for different flavor substances obtained from electronic nose. The results showed that fresh ginger contained three water components: bound water (T ), immobilized water (T ) and free water (T ), with the corresponding peak areas of A , A and A , respectively. During drying, the changes of A and A were not significant, while A and A decreased significantly (

NASA's Microgravity Research Program

This fiscal year (FY) 1997 annual report describes key elements of the NASA Microgravity Research Program (MRP) as conducted by the Microgravity Research Division (MRD) within NASA's Office of Life and Microgravity, Sciences and Applications. The program's goals, approach taken to achieve those goals, and program resources are summarized. All snapshots of the program's status at the end of FY 1997 and a review of highlights and progress in grounds and flights based research are provided. Also described are major space missions that flew during FY 1997, plans for utilization of the research potential of the International Space Station, the Advanced Technology Development (ATD) Program, and various educational/outreach activities. The MRP supports investigators from academia, industry, and government research communities needing a space environment to study phenomena directly or indirectly affected by gravity

Proceedings of the 2nd Energy Security and Chemical Engineering Congress

Mechanical engineering is a field that is continuously evolving as a profession to provide sustainable design, products and technologies for society. Mechanical engineering products, in conjunction with technological advances in other sectors, contribute to noise, water and air pollution, and the degradation of land and landscape. The rate of production, both energy and products, is increasing at such a rapid rate that natural regeneration can no longer sustain. Emission control is a fast-growing topic for mechanical engineers and others, encompassing the development of machines and processes that produce fewer pollutants as well as new materials and processes that can decrease or eliminate pollution that has already been generated. And, in an increasingly environmentally conscious world, the concept of sustainability is also intrinsically important to the success or failure of any engineering product or processes. Mechanical engineers thus play a central role in applying a truly modern approach for enabling the global transition to green energy and sustainable prac-tices. To address climate change, researchers are progressively looking into a wide range of novel solutions for energy conversion, engine efficiency, alternative fuels, nature-inspired materials, enhanced manufacturing processes and so on. In this context, this book presents part of the proceedings of the Mechanical and Materials track of the 2nd Energy Security and Chemical Engineering Congress (ESChE 2021) as presented by the academics, researchers and postgraduate students. The book provides insights into different aspects of mechanical processes, nanoma-terials and alternate fuels that set the stage for development of sustainable techno-logical solutions. The content of this book will be useful for students, researchers and professionals working in the areas of mechanical engineering, materials, energy technologies, optimization and allied fields

Functional Coatings for Food Packaging Applications

The food packaging industry is experiencing one of the most relevant revolutions associated with the transition from fossil-based polymers to new materials of renewable origin. However, high production costs, low performance, and ethical issues still hinder the market penetration of bioplastics. Recently, coating technology was proposed as an additional strategy for achieving a more rational use of the materials used within the food packaging sector. According to the packaging optimization concept, the use of multifunctional thin layers would enable the replacement of multi-layer and heavy structures, thus reducing the upstream amount of packaging materials while maintaining (or even improving) the functional properties of the final package to pursue the goal of overall shelf life extension. Concurrently, the increasing requirements among consumers for convenience, smaller package sizes, and for minimally processed, fresh, and healthy foods have necessitated the design of highly sophisticated and engineered coatings. To this end, new chemical pathways, new raw materials (e.g., biopolymers), and non-conventional deposition technologies have been used. Nanotechnology, in particular, paved the way for the development of new architectures and never-before-seen patterns that eventually yielded nanostructured and nanocomposite coatings with outstanding performance. This book covers the most recent advances in the coating technology applied to the food packaging sector, with special emphasis on active coatings and barrier coatings intended for the shelf life extension of perishable foods

European Union Timber Regulation Impact on International Timber Markets

The trade of illegal timber, often from illegal logging, has severe environmental, social and economic consequences. The EU’s response to this problem came with the Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade (FLEGT) Action Plan, with its specific goal to end illegal logging, thereby improving sustainability of forest resources. In March 2013, an additional step was taken by implementing the EU Timber Regulation (EUTR). The EUTR requires proof of timber’s origin and legality to ensure that no illegal timber is imported into the EU. To this end the EU intends to block imports of any wood or wood product which comes from unknown sources. Certification of sustainable forest management will help EU importers minimize risk, which is an essential part of their required due diligence system. Monitoring organizations are established to assist trade associations and businesses to construct comprehensive due diligence systems. National competent authorities are designated to follow the trade of the new FLEGT-licensed timber and timber products. In the first year of the EUTR there are positive impacts, of which the most important is awareness of the disastrous situation with illegal logging, driven by exports of illegal timber. Another positive development is tropical timber exporters documenting the legality of their wood exports. Yet another positive feature is establishment of due diligence systems by EU importers. However, there are considerable problems for ensuring legal trade; for example the lack of comprehensive documentation of origin and legality. Analysis of recent trends establishes changes in the European timber trade in terms of sourcing, substitution, diversion to less-demanding countries. Short-term forecasts of market trends and changes will enable further policy assessment to achieve the objectives of improved legality in international timber markets.JRC.H.3-Forest Resources and Climat