Injury and Skeletal Biomechanics

This book covers many aspects of Injury and Skeletal Biomechanics. As the title represents, the aspects of force, motion, kinetics, kinematics, deformation, stress and strain are examined in a range of topics such as human muscles and skeleton, gait, injury and risk assessment under given situations. Topics range from image processing to articular cartilage biomechanical behavior, gait behavior under different scenarios, and training, to musculoskeletal and injury biomechanics modeling and risk assessment to motion preservation. This book, together with "Human Musculoskeletal Biomechanics", is available for free download to students and instructors who may find it suitable to develop new graduate level courses and undergraduate teaching in biomechanics

Applications of EMG in Clinical and Sports Medicine

This second of two volumes on EMG (Electromyography) covers a wide range of clinical applications, as a complement to the methods discussed in volume 1. Topics range from gait and vibration analysis, through posture and falls prevention, to biofeedback in the treatment of neurologic swallowing impairment. The volume includes sections on back care, sports and performance medicine, gynecology/urology and orofacial function. Authors describe the procedures for their experimental studies with detailed and clear illustrations and references to the literature. The limitations of SEMG measures and methods for careful analysis are discussed. This broad compilation of articles discussing the use of EMG in both clinical and research applications demonstrates the utility of the method as a tool in a wide variety of disciplines and clinical fields

Book of Abstracts 15th International Symposium on Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering and 3rd Conference on Imaging and Visualization

In this edition, the two events will run together as a single conference, highlighting the strong connection with the Taylor & Francis journals: Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering (John Middleton and Christopher Jacobs, Eds.) and Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging and Visualization (JoãoManuel R.S. Tavares, Ed.). The conference has become a major international meeting on computational biomechanics, imaging andvisualization. In this edition, the main program includes 212 presentations. In addition, sixteen renowned researchers will give plenary keynotes, addressing current challenges in computational biomechanics and biomedical imaging. In Lisbon, for the first time, a session dedicated to award the winner of the Best Paper in CMBBE Journal will take place. We believe that CMBBE2018 will have a strong impact on the development of computational biomechanics and biomedical imaging and visualization, identifying emerging areas of research and promoting the collaboration and networking between participants. This impact is evidenced through the well-known research groups, commercial companies and scientific organizations, who continue to support and sponsor the CMBBE meeting series. In fact, the conference is enriched with five workshops on specific scientific topics and commercial software.info:eu-repo/semantics/draf

Development of positioning devices for MRI-guided high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) for abdominal, thyroid and brain, tumours

High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a promising technology for a variety of therapeutic applications. This concept initiated in 1942 by Lynn Zwemer [1]. HIFU has long been known as a minimal invasive or non-invasive procedure that destroys tissue through ablation. However, it is only in recent years that clinical applications are becoming feasible, with the development of high power ultrasound transducers compatible with the MRI scanner which is used to monitor these non-invasive HIFU applications. New technologies, combined with more sophisticated treatment methods and monitoring methods allow non-invasive procedures in many areas such as the brain, eye, breast, kidney, liver, pancreas, thyroid, uterine fibroids and pancreas. Meanwhile, new investigations are underway for treading cardiac arithmia, strokes, palliative pain treatment of bone metastases and brain disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, essential tremor, and neuropathic pain. These optimistic investigations have encouraged physicians and provided them new valuable tools for medical research

Cumulative trauma disorders in the workplace: bibliography

"This publication provided a compilation of materials describing research conducted by NIOSH on cumulative trauma disorders in the workplace. Selected references, both NIOSH and nonNIOSH, were provided, concentrating on NIOSH activities in preventing work related musculoskeletal disorders, prevention and intervention research at NIOSH for work related musculoskeletal disorders, comments to the Department of Labor on the OSHA proposed rule on ergonomic safety and health management, a manual for musculoskeletal diseases of the upper limbs, a review of physical exercises recommended for video display tube operators, management of upper extremity cumulative trauma disorders, ergonomics and prevention of musculoskeletal injuries, and carpal tunnel syndrome. A bibliography of NIOSH publications on cumulative trauma disorders in the workplace was provided, including numbered publications, testimony, journal articles, grant reports, contract reports, and health hazard evaluations. NonNiosh references were also listed." - NIOSHTIC-2Part I. Selected NIOSH and non-NIOSH References -- A. NIOSH Activities in Preventing Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders -- B. Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders: Prevention and Intervention Research at NIOSH -- C. Comments to DOL on the Occupational Safety and Health Administration Proposed Role on Ergonomic Safety and Health Management - Part 1 -- C. Comments to DOL on the Occupational Safety and Health Administration Proposed Role on Ergonomic Safety and Health Management - Part 2 -- D. Cumulative Trauma Disorders: A Manual for Musculoskeletal Diseases of the Upper Limbs -- E. A Review of Physical Exercises Recommended for VDT Operators ) -- F. Management of Upper Extremity Cumulative Trauma Disorders -- G. Preventing Illness and Injury in the Workplace: Ergonomics and Prevention of Musculoskeletal Injuries -- H. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome -- -- Part II. Cumulative Trauma Disorders in the Workplace - Bibliography -- A. NIOSH Publications Reports -- 1. Numbered Publications -- 2. Testimony -- 3. Journal Articles -- 4. Grant Reports -- 5. Contract Reports -- 6. Health Hazard Evaluations -- -- B. Selected non-NIOSH ReferencesAlso available via the World Wide Web

Approaches to functional electrical stimulation induced cycling and application for the child with a spinal cord injury

In the hope of more compact and user-friendly approaches to FES-cycling through the incorporation of modern sensor and computing technology, two new hip-angle-based strategies (both of which utilise a limb-mounted sensor) and a “traditional” crank-angle-based strategy have been developed and incorporated into a PDA-based multi-functional FES system. Through both simulation and tricycle-based experiments, all three approaches have been shown to provide practical stimulation activation timing. The second research focus concerns the development of two FES-cycling systems which are suitable for a spinal cord injured child, and methods to facilitate the intended use of both devices. A standard child’s tricycle has been modified with appropriate instrumentation for FES-cycling and testing involving its target population was carried out at a US-based paediatric research hospital. These experiments culminated in the demonstration of FES-cycling by an untrained seven year old T4/T6 (motor complete) subject, and the evolution of the device into one which should be able to meet the specific needs of spinal cord injured children. A second system with integrated motor has also been developed. As well as offering motor assistance, this device incorporates additional instrumentation to allow investigation into exercise and training capabilities. Experiments have been undertaken to validate this equipment and it is now ready for future pilot work involving paediatric subjects. The two research foci in this thesis represent what are, in our opinion, important routes that FES-cycling should take to progress into the home environment and also allow participation of a population who have potentially the most to gain from using it

Development of a Wearable Mechatronic Elbow Brace for Postoperative Motion Rehabilitation

This thesis describes the development of a wearable mechatronic brace for upper limb rehabilitation that can be used at any stage of motion training after surgical reconstruction of brachial plexus nerves. The results of the mechanical design and the work completed towards finding the best torque transmission system are presented herein. As part of this mechatronic system, a customized control system was designed, tested and modified. The control strategy was improved by replacing a PID controller with a cascade controller. Although the experiments have shown that the proposed device can be successfully used for muscle training, further assessment of the device, with the help of data from the patients with brachial plexus injury (BPI), is required to improve the control strategy. Unique features of this device include the combination of adjustability and modularity, as well as the passive adjustment required to compensate for the carrying angle

Low Back Pain Pathogenesis and Treatment

Low back pain is a common disorder which affects the lumbar spine, and is associated with substantial morbidity for about 80% of the general population at some stages during their lives. Although low back pain usually is a self-limiting disorder that improves spontaneously over time, the etiology of low back pain is generally unknown and the diagnostic label, "non-specific low back pain", is frequently given. This book contains reviews and original articles with emphasis on pathogenesis and treatment of low back pain except for the rehabilitative aspect. Consisting of three sections, the first section of the book has a focus on pathogenesis of low back pain, while the second and third sections are on the treatment including conservative and surgical procedure, respectively

The effect of decerebrate rigidity on intracranial pressure in man and animals

Patients with decerebrate rigidity frequently also show intracranial hypertension. The factors responsible for this effect and their inter -relationships were explored in cats and in patients with head injuries.Animals: The factors examined, separately and in combination, were elevation of central venous, intrathoracic, intra- abdominal and systemic arterial pressures. The baselines thus established were used for the investigation of the effects of these factors on the intracranial pressure (ICP) in cats which had been rendered decerebrate by focal stereotactic mesencephalic lesions.Little or no change occurred in the ICP when: 1) Rigidity was mainly unilateral. 2) Bilateral limb rigidity was extreme.Persistent elevation of ICP occurred when 1) Truncal rigidity resulted in the simultaneous elevation of the intrathoracic and intra- abdominal pressures 2) Elevation of the systemic arterial pressure occurred in the presence of defective cerebrovascular homeostasis.Human: The dynamics and management of the complex clinical problem posed by decerebrate rigidity were investigated in patients with head injuries who exhibited well -developed bi- lateral rigidity under conditions of altered cerebral elastance.Rigidity was quantified by measuring the resonant frequency of the wrist induced by a printed- circuit motor. The brain elastance, ICP, intrathoracic and blood pressures were measured throughout the study. The effect of pharmacological muscle paralysis on the ICP and rigidity was examined.It appeared that well- developed decerebrate rigidity increased the ICP. The relationship was direct; the greater the rigidity or cerebral elastance, the greater the rise in ICP and vice versa. The two factors mainly responsible were muscle hypertonicity and cerebral elastance. The rises in ICP were caused by the rigidity and although it may not always be possible to reduce the abnormally increased elastance, the rigidity can certainly be abolished. As long as the cerebral vascular homeostatic mechanisms were intact, spontaneous waning of the rigidity or its abolition by muscle relaxants returned the ICP to its previous resting level. Pancuronium produced much deeper and more lasting relaxation than either diazepam or chlorpromazine.During the period of mechanical ventilation, alterations in ICP were of prognostic value as regards the outcome of the injuries