Un enfoque de toma de decisiones multicriterio aplicado a la estrategia de transformación digital de las organizaciones por medio de la inteligencia artificial responsable en la nube de las organizaciones. Estudio de caso en el sector de salud

Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Estudios Estadísticos, leída el 08-02-2023Organisations are committed to understanding both the needs of their customers and the capabilities and plans of their competitors and partners, through the processes of acquiring and evaluating market information in a systematic and anticipatory manner. On the other hand, most organisations in the last few years have defined that one of their main strategic objectives for the next few years is to become a truly data-driven organisation in the current Big Data and Artificial Intelligence (AI) context (Moreno et al., 2019). They are willing to invest heavily in Data and AI Strategy and build enterprise data and AI platforms that will enable this Market-Oriented vision (Moreno et al., 2019). In this thesis, it is presented a Multicriteria Decision Making (MCDM) model (Saaty, 1988), an AI Digital Cloud Transformation Strategy and a cloud conceptual architecture to help AI leaders and organisations with their Responsible AI journey, capable of helping global organisations to move from the use of data from descriptive to prescriptive and leveraging existing cloud services to deliver true Market-Oriented in a much shorter time (compared with traditional approaches)...Las organizaciones se comprometen a comprender tanto las necesidades de sus clientes como las capacidades y planes de sus competidores y socios, a través de procesos de adquisición y evaluación de información de mercado de manera sistemática y anticipatoria. Por otro lado, la mayoría de las organizaciones en los últimos años han definido que uno de sus principales objetivos estratégicos para los próximos años es convertirse en una organización verdaderamente orientada a los datos (data-driven) en el contexto actual de Big Data e Inteligencia Artificial (IA) (Moreno et al. al., 2019). Están dispuestos a invertir fuertemente en datos y estrategia de inteligencia artificial y construir plataformas de datos empresariales e inteligencia artificial que permitan esta visión orientada al mercado (Moreno et al., 2019). En esta tesis, se presenta un modelo de toma de decisiones multicriterio (MCDM) (Saaty, 1988), una estrategia de transformación digital de IA de la nube y una arquitectura conceptual de nube para ayudar a los líderes y organizaciones de IA en su viaje de IA responsable, capaz de ayudar a las organizaciones globales a pasar del uso de datos descriptivos a prescriptivos y aprovechar los servicios en la nube existentes para ofrecer una verdadera orientación al mercado en un tiempo mucho más corto (en comparación con los enfoques tradicionales)...Fac. de Estudios EstadísticosTRUEunpu

A systematic decision-making framework for tackling quantum software engineering challenges

Quantum computing systems harness the power of quantum mechanics to execute computationally demanding tasks more effectively than their classical counterparts. This has led to the emergence of Quantum Software Engineering (QSE), which focuses on unlocking the full potential of quantum computing systems. As QSE gains prominence, it seeks to address the evolving challenges of quantum software development by offering comprehensive concepts, principles, and guidelines. This paper aims to identify, prioritize, and develop a systematic decision-making framework of the challenging factors associated with QSE process execution. We conducted a literature survey to identify the challenging factors associated with QSE process and mapped them into 7 core categories. Additionally, we used a questionnaire survey to collect insights from practitioners regarding these challenges. To examine the relationships between core categories of challenging factors, we applied Interpretive Structure Modeling (ISM). Lastly, we applied fuzzy TOPSIS to rank the identified challenging factors concerning to their criticality for QSE process. We have identified 22 challenging factors of QSE process and mapped them to 7 core categories. The ISM results indicate that the ‘resources’ category has the most decisive influence on the other six core categories of the identified challenging factors. Moreover, the fuzzy TOPSIS indicates that ‘complex programming’, ‘limited software libraries’, ‘maintenance complexity’, ‘lack of training and workshops’, and ‘data encoding issues’ are the highest priority challenging factor for QSE process execution. Organizations using QSE could consider the identified challenging factors and their prioritization to improve their QSE process

Bibliometric analysis of scientific production on methods to aid decision making in the last 40 years

Purpose: Multicriteria methods have gained traction in both academia and industry practices for effective decision-making over the years. This bibliometric study aims to explore and provide an overview of research carried out on multicriteria methods, in its various aspects, over the past forty-four years. Design/Methodology/Approach: The Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus databases were searched for publications from January 1945 to April 29, 2021, on multicriteria methods in titles, abstracts, and keywords. The bibliographic data were analyzed using the R bibliometrix package. Findings: This bibliometric study asserts that 29,050 authors have produced 20,861 documents on the theme of multicriteria methods in 131 countries in the last forty-four years. Scientific production in this area grows at a rate of 13.88 per year. China is the leading country in publications with 14.14%; India with 10.76%; and Iran with 8.09%. Islamic Azad University leads others with 504 publications, followed by the Vilnius Gediminas Technical University with 456 and the National Institute of Technology with 336. As for journals, Expert Systems With Applications; Sustainability; and Journal of Cleaner Production are the leading journals, which account for more than 4.67% of all indexed literature. Furthermore, Zavadskas E. and Wang J have the highest publications in the multicriteria methods domain regarding the authors. Regarding the most commonly used multicriteria decision-making methods, AHP is the most favored approach among the ten countries with the most publications in this research area, followed by TOPSIS, VIKOR, PROMETHEE, and ANP. Practical implications: The bibliometric literature review method allows the researchers to explore the multicriteria research area more extensively than the traditional literature review method. It enables a large dataset of bibliographic records to be systematically analyzed through statistical measures, yielding informative insights. Originality/value: The usefulness of this bibliometric study is summed in presenting an overview of the topic of the multicriteria methods during the previous forty-four years, allowing other academics to use this research as a starting point for their research

The efficacy of the strategy planning process criteria based on the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process

This study investigated the strategic planning procedure used by the University of Jeddah to determine which of its efficacy criteria are the most significant for future development. A university's performance is founded on its ability to capitalize on its specialization and set of skills obtained through meticulous planning and development and involves setting goals using analysis tools to compare options and prioritize constructs. Evaluation approaches to strategic planning lack adaptability and durability. Thus, a high-level deductive instrument that aggregates trade-offs and prioritizes the most essential aspects is needed. This study used the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchical Procedure (FAHP) to examine whether the University of Jeddah's strategy formulation process improves strategy and planning. This study defined the objectives and criteria, established pairwise comparisons based on the owners of the strategic plan and the faculty and administration questionnaire responses, assigned weights to each criterion, verified their consistency, and ranked them in importance order. This study showed that FAHP can help groups make strategic planning decisions in universities

Modelo de apoio à decisão para avaliar dados governamentais abertos do setor elétrico

Dissertação (Mestrado Profissional em Computação Aplicada) — Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Ciência da Computação, Brasília, 2022.Tomar decisões assertivas e eficientes, frente à escassez dos recursos públicos, considerando todas as potenciais soluções, tornou-se um dos problemas mais comuns para gestores responsáveis por dados abertos governamentais. Ecossistemas de dados abertos estão adotando diretrizes com foco em energia elétrica, tendo em vista a crescente conscientização sobre crise hídrica, mudanças climáticas, recursos renováveis e iniciativas para aumentar a eficiência energética1 . Além disso, a subjetividade e imprecisão no processo de abertura de dados desse setor pode tornar essa tarefa ainda mais complexa, principalmente quando não se possuem medidas específicas para subsidiar a tomada de decisão. Assim, este estudo propõe simplificar esse processo, combinando dois métodos multicritério em um modelo capaz de avaliar e priorizar, à luz dos critérios de riscos do contexto Open Government Data, dados do setor elétrico, apresentando os resultados via dashboards online interativos desenvolvido em R Shiny. A metodologia combina os métodos AHP e TOPSIS-2N, criando um ranking dos datasets conforme o seu nível de abertura. O método AHP foi utilizado para avaliar a importância dos critérios definidos, considerando os aspectos de consistência da matriz de decisão. Passo seguinte foi aplicar o método TOPSIS-2N para ordenação desses datasets. O modelo proposto é útil não apenas para gestores responsáveis por decisões que envolvam aporte de recursos para aprimorar os datasets já disponibilizados, mas também para priorizar tópicos mais relevantes para a abertura de dados. Os resultados apresentam o desempenho de cada conjunto de dados, exibindo aqueles que devem ser aprimorados em relação aos respectivos critérios de risco e aos temas priorizados, a fim de tornar mais ágil e assertiva a tomada de decisão no gerenciamento dessas bases. Bases afetas ao planejamento (BD46 e BD45) e à tarifa do setor elétrico (BD47) se destacaram quanto ao seu nível de abertura, inferindo um potencial valor agregado relacionado aos benefícios do uso desses dados.Making assertive and efficient decisions in the face of scarce public resources while considering all potential alternatives has become one of the most common issues for managers responsible for open government data. Open data ecosystems around the world are assume guidelines and targets with a focus on electric power, given the growing awareness of topics such as the water crisis, climate change, renewable resources, and initiatives to increase energy efficiency2 . Moreover, the subjectivity and imprecision in the process of opening data from this sector can make this task complexer, especially when there are no specific measures to support decision-making. Thus, this study proposes to simplify this process, combining two methods of decision support through multicriteria analysis in a model capable of assessing and prioritizing, in the light of the risk criteria of the Open Data context, open data energy from the power sector, presenting the results via interactive and online dashboards developed in R Shiny3 . The methodology followed combines the AHP and TOPSIS-2N methods, creating a ranking of datasets according to the openness level of they datasets evaluated. The AHP technique was used to specify and normalize the importance of each criterion, considering the consistency aspects of the decision matrix. The next step was to apply the TOPSIS-2N method to sort and prioritize these datasets. The proposed model is useful not only for managers responsible for decisions involving the contribution of resources to improve the datasets already available, but also to prioritize the most relevant topics for data opening. The results present the performance of each dataset, displaying those that should be improved in relation to the respective risk criteria and prioritized topics to make the decision-making for the management of these bases more agile and assertive. Datasets related to planning (BD46 and BD45) and the electricity sector tariff (BD47) stood out in terms of their openness level, inferring a potential added value related to the benefits of using this data

Savremeni trendovi u primeni metoda višekriterijumskog odlučivanja u procesu evaluacije kompetencija prilikom izbora ljudskih resursa

Савремени трендови у примени вишекритеријумских метода одлучивања у процесу вредновања компетенција при избору људских ресурса последњих година добијају значајну пажњу. Ове методе обезбеђују систематски и објективан приступ процени компетенција појединаца и доношењу релевантнијих одлука у процесу селекције. Примена вишекритеријумских метода одлучивања у процени компетенција приликом избора људских ресурса нуди систематичан и објективан приступ одлучивању. Ове методе омогућавају доносиоцима одлука да размотре више критеријума и алтернатива, обезбеђујући свеобухватну процену компетенција и олакшавајући информисано доношење одлука у процесу селекције. Модели се заснивају на примени PIPRECIA EXTENDED – проширена PIPRECIA метода, PIPRECIA SIMPLIFIED – поједностављена PIPRECIA метода, и WISP (Weighted Implementation of Suboptimal Paths) метода. PIPRECIA E метода је у докторској дисертацији примењена за дефинисање тежина евалуационих критеријума, и доказивање конзистентности одговора испитаника, PIPRECIA S је коришћена за одређивање тежина наведених критеријума. За коначно рангирање алтернатива односно оцена кандидата, примењена је  WISP метода.Savremeni trendovi u primeni višekriterijumskih metoda odlučivanja u procesu vrednovanja kompetencija pri izboru ljudskih resursa poslednjih godina dobijaju značajnu pažnju. Ove metode obezbeđuju sistematski i objektivan pristup proceni kompetencija pojedinaca i donošenju relevantnijih odluka u procesu selekcije. Primena višekriterijumskih metoda odlučivanja u proceni kompetencija prilikom izbora ljudskih resursa nudi sistematičan i objektivan pristup odlučivanju. Ove metode omogućavaju donosiocima odluka da razmotre više kriterijuma i alternativa, obezbeđujući sveobuhvatnu procenu kompetencija i olakšavajući informisano donošenje odluka u procesu selekcije. Modeli se zasnivaju na primeni PIPRECIA EXTENDED – proširena PIPRECIA metoda, PIPRECIA SIMPLIFIED – pojednostavljena PIPRECIA metoda, i WISP (Weighted Implementation of Suboptimal Paths) metoda. PIPRECIA E metoda je u doktorskoj disertaciji primenjena za definisanje težina evaluacionih kriterijuma, i dokazivanje konzistentnosti odgovora ispitanika, PIPRECIA S je korišćena za određivanje težina navedenih kriterijuma. Za konačno rangiranje alternativa odnosno ocena kandidata, primenjena je  WISP metoda

System Security Assurance: A Systematic Literature Review

System security assurance provides the confidence that security features, practices, procedures, and architecture of software systems mediate and enforce the security policy and are resilient against security failure and attacks. Alongside the significant benefits of security assurance, the evolution of new information and communication technology (ICT) introduces new challenges regarding information protection. Security assurance methods based on the traditional tools, techniques, and procedures may fail to account new challenges due to poor requirement specifications, static nature, and poor development processes. The common criteria (CC) commonly used for security evaluation and certification process also comes with many limitations and challenges. In this paper, extensive efforts have been made to study the state-of-the-art, limitations and future research directions for security assurance of the ICT and cyber-physical systems (CPS) in a wide range of domains. We conducted a systematic review of requirements, processes, and activities involved in system security assurance including security requirements, security metrics, system and environments and assurance methods. We highlighted the challenges and gaps that have been identified by the existing literature related to system security assurance and corresponding solutions. Finally, we discussed the limitations of the present methods and future research directions

Infrastructure as Code Strategies and Benefits in Cloud Computing

Hybrid and multicloud infrastructure implementation without automation and versioning strategy can negatively impact organizations’ productivity. Organization leaders must ensure that infrastructures are implemented using the infrastructure as code (IaC) strategy because implementation solutions, including automated and DevOps procedures, provide assets for repeatable infrastructure implementation use cases. Grounded in the disruptive innovation theory, the purpose of this qualitative pragmatic inquiry study was to explore strategies solution architects use to implement IaC architecture using repeatable assets with DevOps procedures in cloud computing. The participants were seven solution architects in the information technology (IT) industry within the United States who have successfully implemented IaC in hybrid and multicloud within the past 3 years in cloud computing with DevOps procedures. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews, a focus group, and IT industry documents. The data analysis processes were analyzed using thematic analysis Eight themes emerged: IaC benefits, IaC cloud computing models, IaC cloud service providers, IaC configuration best practices, IaC DevOps practices, IaC implementation tools, IaC Kubernetes platforms, and IT infrastructure design practices. A specific recommendation is for organizational leaders to implement the IaC approach as it offers sustaining and disruptive innovation benefits, in addition, space agencies such as the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), European Space Agency (ESA), et al., could use this study in their mission infrastructures. The implications for positive social change include the potential to make the user application offerings affordable as it supports IT innovation in hybrid and multicloud globally

Exploring Factors Influencing Information Technology Portfolio Selection Process in Government-Funded Bioinformatics Projects

In 2012, the National Cancer Institute\u27s (NCI) Board of Scientific Advisors (BSA) conducted a review of the Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology\u27s (CBIIT) bioinformatics program. The BSA suggested that the lack of a formal project selection process made it difficult to determine the alignment of projects with the mission of the organization. The problem addressed by this study was that CBIIT did not have an in-depth understanding of the project selection process and the factors influencing the process. The purpose of this study was to understand the project selection process at CBIIT. The research methodology was an exploratory case study. The data collection process included a phenomenological interview of 25 managers from program management, engineering, scientific computing, informatics program, and health sciences. The data analysis consisted of coding for themes, sensitizing, and heuristic coding, supported by a theoretical framework that included the technology acceptance model, the program evaluation theory, and decision theory. The analysis revealed the need for formal project portfolio governance, the lack of a predefined project selection process, and that the decision-making process was circumstantial. The study also revealed six major themes that affected the decision-making process: the CBIIT mission, the organizational culture, leadership, governance, funding, and organizational change. Finally, the study fills the gap in the literature regarding the project selection process for government-funded initiatives in information technologies. This study may contribute to positive social change by improving the project selection process at CBIIT, allowing for the effective use of public funds for cancer informatics researchers

Cyber-Physical Threat Intelligence for Critical Infrastructures Security

Modern critical infrastructures comprise of many interconnected cyber and physical assets, and as such are large scale cyber-physical systems. Hence, the conventional approach of securing these infrastructures by addressing cyber security and physical security separately is no longer effective. Rather more integrated approaches that address the security of cyber and physical assets at the same time are required. This book presents integrated (i.e. cyber and physical) security approaches and technologies for the critical infrastructures that underpin our societies. Specifically, it introduces advanced techniques for threat detection, risk assessment and security information sharing, based on leading edge technologies like machine learning, security knowledge modelling, IoT security and distributed ledger infrastructures. Likewise, it presets how established security technologies like Security Information and Event Management (SIEM), pen-testing, vulnerability assessment and security data analytics can be used in the context of integrated Critical Infrastructure Protection. The novel methods and techniques of the book are exemplified in case studies involving critical infrastructures in four industrial sectors, namely finance, healthcare, energy and communications. The peculiarities of critical infrastructure protection in each one of these sectors is discussed and addressed based on sector-specific solutions. The advent of the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) is expected to increase the cyber-physical nature of critical infrastructures as well as their interconnection in the scope of sectorial and cross-sector value chains. Therefore, the demand for solutions that foster the interplay between cyber and physical security, and enable Cyber-Physical Threat Intelligence is likely to explode. In this book, we have shed light on the structure of such integrated security systems, as well as on the technologies that will underpin their operation. We hope that Security and Critical Infrastructure Protection stakeholders will find the book useful when planning their future security strategies