A REVIEW OF SELF HEALING SMART GRIDS USING THE MULTIAGENT SYSTEM

This paper is trying review different techniques us ed for self healing of the smart grid network. A smart grid has taken a very high importance in th e last ten years or so. Then the advancement in smart grid has taken a major importance. One of the most important aspects in the field of smart grid is a self healing of fault,and this att racted the researchers. As described in many research papers,one of the main requirements of th e electrical grid is to maintain zero gap between generation and distribution [2,3,4]. Howe ver deregulation and decentralized generation has given with the information and communication te chnology (ICT). This paper will summarize latest available techniques for self healing smart grids. https://www.ijiert.org/paper-details?paper_id=14035

Power systems automation, communication, and information technologies for smart grid: A technical aspects review

Smart grid (SG) introduced proven power system, based on modernized power delivery system with introduction of advanced data-information and communication technologies (ICT). SGs include improved quality of power transmission/distribution from power generation to end-users with optimized power flow and efficiency. In addition to above modern automation, two-way communications, advanced monitoring, and control to optimize power quality issues are the classic features of SGs. This ensures the efficiency and reliability of all its interconnected power system elements against potential threats and life time cycle. By integrating ICT into the power system SGs improved the working capabilities of the utility companies. Resultant of ICT with SG leads to better management of assets and ensure energy management for end users. This review article presents the different areas of communication and information technology areas involved in SG automation

Cyber-physical interdependent restoration scheduling for active distribution network via ad hoc wireless communication

This paper proposes a post-disaster cyber-physical interdependent restoration scheduling (CPIRS) framework for active distribution networks (ADN) where the simultaneous damages on cyber and physical networks are considered. The ad hoc wireless device-to-device (D2D) communication is leveraged, for the first time, to establish cyber networks instantly after the disaster to support ADN restoration. The repair and operation crew dispatching, the remote-controlled network reconfiguration and the system operation with DERs can be effectively coordinated under the cyber-physical interactions. The uncertain outputs of renewable energy resources (RESs) are represented by budget-constrained polyhedral uncertainty sets. Through implementing linearization techniques on disjunctive expressions, a monolithic mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) based two-stage robust optimization model is formulated and subsequently solved by a customized column-and-constraint generation (C&CG) algorithm. Numerical results on the IEEE 123-node distribution system demonstrate the effectiveness and superiorities of the proposed CPIRS method for ADN

Multi-terminal MVDC grids fault location and isolation

Voltage source converters (VSCs) are highly vulnerable to DC fault current; thus, protection is one of the most important concerns associated with the implementation of multi-terminal VSC-based DC networks. This paper proposes a protection strategy for medium voltage DC (MVDC) distribution systems. The strategy consists of a communication-assisted fault location method and a fault isolation scheme that provides an economic, fast and selective protection by means of using the minimum number of DC circuit breakers (DCCBs). This paper also introduces a backup protection which is activated if communication network fails. The effectiveness of the proposed protection strategy is analyzed through real-time simulation studies by use of the hardware in the loop (HIL) approach. Furthermore, the effects of fault isolation process on the connected loads are also investigated. The results show that the proposed strategy can effectively protect multi-terminal DC distribution networks and VSC stations against different types of faults.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

A self-organizing multi-agent system for distributed voltage regulation

This paper presents a distributed voltage regulation method based on multi-agent system control and network self-organization for a large distribution network. The network autonomously organizes itself into small subnetworks through the epsilon decomposition of the sensitivity matrix, and agents group themselves into these subnetworks with the communication links being autonomously determined. Each subnetwork controls its voltage by locating the closest local distributed generation and optimizing their outputs. This simplifies and reduces the size of the optimization problem and the interaction requirements. This approach also facilitates adaptive grouping of the network by self-reorganizing to maintain a stable state in response to time-varying network requirements and changes. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is validated through simulations on a model of a real heavily-meshed secondary distribution network. Simulation results and comparisons with other methods demonstrate the ability of the subnetworks to autonomously and independently regulate the voltage and to adapt to unpredictable network conditions over time, thereby enabling autonomous and flexible distribution networks

Towards Agent-Based Model Specification of Smart Grid: A Cognitive Agent-Based Computing Approach

A smart grid can be considered as a complex network where each node represents a generation unit or a consumer, whereas links can be used to represent transmission lines. One way to study complex systems is by using the agent-based modeling paradigm. The agent-based modeling is a way of representing a complex system of autonomous agents interacting with each other. Previously, a number of studies have been presented in the smart grid domain making use of the agent-based modeling paradigm. However, to the best of our knowledge, none of these studies have focused on the specification aspect of the model. The model specification is important not only for understanding but also for replication of the model. To fill this gap, this study focuses on specification methods for smart grid modeling. We adopt two specification methods named as Overview, design concept, and details and Descriptive agent-based modeling. By using specification methods, we provide tutorials and guidelines for model developing of smart grid starting from conceptual modeling to validated agent-based model through simulation. The specification study is exemplified through a case study from the smart grid domain. In the case study, we consider a large set of network, in which different consumers and power generation units are connected with each other through different configuration. In such a network, communication takes place between consumers and generating units for energy transmission and data routing. We demonstrate how to effectively model a complex system such as a smart grid using specification methods. We analyze these two specification approaches qualitatively as well as quantitatively. Extensive experiments demonstrate that Descriptive agent-based modeling is a more useful approach as compared with Overview, design concept, and details method for modeling as well as for replication of models for the smart grid

Dynamic Distribution System Reconfiguration to Improve System Reliability Considering Renewables and Energy Storage

O desenvolvimento económico e o crescente uso de novas tecnologias por parte dos consumidores fazem com que o fornecimento de energia, bem como a sua qualidade, se tornem uma séria preocupação. Uma forma de abordar essa preocupação é implementando sistemas de distribuição automatizados com tecnologias inteligentes para melhorar a fiabilidade e a eficiência da operação de sistema. Os sistema eléctricos actuais estão em evolução devido às novas funcionalidades que o sistema eléctrico deverá ter, nomeadamente a integração de fontes de energia renováveis em grande escala, a integração de veículos eléctricos, a implementação de tecnologias de redes inteligentes, entre outras. Neste cenário, os Sistemas de Distribuição Inteligentes (SDI) devem operar e restaurar o serviço interrompido aos consumidores. Para que o sistema ganhe esta capacidade, é necessário substituir os interruptores manuais por interruptores controlados de forma remota, melhorando a capacidade de restauração do sistema tendo em vista a implementação de redes inteligentes. Este trabalho tem como objectivo desenvolver um novo modelo, determinando o conjunto mínimo de interruptores a substituir para automatizar o sistema, juntamente com uma análise de sensibilidade sobre a posição dos novos interruptores, que podem ser colocados no mesmo local dos substituídos ou num novo local. A optimização do sistema é feita considerando a integração de fontes de energia renováveis na rede e sistemas de armazenamento de energia, simultaneamente com os requisitos económicos e funcionais do sistema. A ferramenta computacional é testada usando o sistema de teste IEEE 119 Bus, onde são considerados vários tipos de carga (residencial, comercial e industrial).The economic development and the use of more and more technologies by the consumers make the constant energy supply and quality become a critical concern. One way to address this concern is through the implementation of automated distribution systems with intelligent technologies to improve the systems reliability and efficiency in operation. The present electrical systems are evolving due to the new functionalities that the electrical system are expected to have, namely the integration of renewable energy sources in large-scale, the integration of electric vehicles, enable smart grid technologies, among others. In this scenario, Distributed Smart Systems (DSS) should operate and restore discontinued service to consumers. In order to the system gain theses ability is necessary replace the manual switches for remotely controlled switches, improving the system restoration capability having in view the Smart Grids implementation. This paper aims to develop a new model, determining the minimal set of switches to replace in order to automate the system, along with a senility analysis on the position of the new switches, whether it should be placed in the same place as the manual switch or in a new location. The optimization of the system is made considering the renewable energy sources integration in the grid, energy storage systems simultaneously with the economic and functional requirements of the system, in order to improve the system reliability. The computational tool is tested using the IEEE 119 Bus test system to validate the new tool, where different types of load are considered (residential, commercial and industrial)

Restauración del servicio en sistemas de distribución considerando clientes prioritarios y microrredes

La instalación de equipamiento de automatización de distribución (DA) permite la implementación de la aplicación avanzada FLISR (Fault Location, Isolation and Service Restoration). Esta implementación proporciona a la red la capacidad de autorreparación para mejorar su resiliencia. La restauración del servicio (SR) es un componente esencial de la aplicación FLISR. Permite que luego de detectada y aislada una falla permanente en un área del sistema, se genere y ejecute automáticamente un plan para restaurar el servicio en las áreas no afectadas, empleando el menor número de maniobras. Existen algunas investigaciones que se enfocan en una solución de SR con diferentes arquitecturas de automatización y técnicas de optimización. Sin embargo, los algoritmos son limitados y requieren de más estudios para tener en cuenta escenarios como clientes prioritarios, integración de reconfiguración de red y operación de microrredes, incertidumbres de recursos energéticos distribuidos (DER) y cargas; con el propósito de lograr una red inteligente capaz de autorrepararse de eventos extremos. El presente trabajo de titulación propone un algoritmo de optimización centralizado basado en la combinación de técnicas metaheurísticas de Evolución Diferencial (DE) y Aprendizaje Incremental Basado en Población Continúa (PBILc) para resolver el problema de la restauración del servicio en Sistemas de Distribución. Este algoritmo considera los clientes prioritarios y el despacho de generación distribuida (DG) para soporte de la red principal, o alimentación local de las cargas, formándose microrredes. De esta forma, se provee al sistema de capacidad de autorreparación para atender a más escenarios de restauración.The distribution automation (DA) allows the implementation of the advanced application FLISR (Fault Location, Insolation, and Service Restoration). This implementation provides the network the self-healing capability to improve its resilience. Service Restoration (SR) is an essential component of the FLISR application. It allows generating and executing automatically a plan to restore the service in healthy areas using the least number of maneuvers after detecting and isolating a permanent fault in the system area. There is some research that focuses on a solution based on SR with different architectures of automatization and optimization techniques. However, the algorithms are limited and require more work to consider scenarios such as priority clients, network reconfiguration and operation of microgrids, uncertainties of distributed energy resources (DER) and loads, to achieve a smart grid capable of self-healing itself from extreme events. The present research proposes an optimization centralized algorithm based on the combination of metaheuristic techniques of Differential Evolution (DE) and Continuous Population-Based Incremental Learning (PBILc) to solve the service restoration problem in Distribution Systems. This algorithm considers priority clients and distributed generation (DG) dispatch to support the main network, or local power supply of the loads by micro-grids. In this way, the system is provided with a selfhealing capacity to meet more restoration scenariosMagíster en Electricidad mención Redes Eléctricas InteligentesCuenc